Key Question 12: How far did

Pakistan achieve stability

following the death of
Jinnah?
Mian Saad Ahmed
Key Question 12: How far did Pakistan
achieve stability following the death of
Jinnah?
Specified content: (1947 – 1951)
 • Khwaja Nazimuddin
 • Liaquat Ali Khan
Khwaja Nizamuddin (1948 – 1951)
 Khwaja Nizamuddin (1948 – 1951)
Became the 2nd governor general of Pakistan on
14th September (3 days after Quaid I Azam’s
death)
Liaquat Ali Khan remained the Prime Minister
People trusted Liaquat Ali khan and high hopes
that he would solve many of the initial difficulties
faced by Pakistan
Soon the role of PM became more important
One of the biggest problems was of constitution
making.
The Objective Resolution
(Back ground)
 Since 1857 Pakistan was under British control
 Time to time they presented reforms (main ones in 1909 ,1919 and 1935)
 At independence it was announced in the Independence act that The
Government of India act would be used as the new constitution.
 Amendments were made to this act in 1947 and called the
independence act
 Governor general was made the most important person to control
government activities
 Constituent assembly was set up by Quaid I Azam (he was the
president)
 This constituent assembly had set up a Basic Principles committee to
write those principles on the basis of which the new constitution would
be made
 It had 25 members
The Objective Resolution

 The Objective Resolution was finally passed on 12 march

1949
 Allah is the supreme power
 Principles of democracy, freedom and equality
 Social justice
 Islamic lifestyle and religious freedom
 Rights of minorities
 Legal system would be free of government
 And other Islamic rules
The Objective Resolution

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vI8fkngMWY
Criticism to The Objective Resolution

 Much criticism was received from Ulema (not enough

Shariah laws)
 No time scale for the new constitution was given nor for
any elections
 Basic principles committee met on 28 September 1950
 Suggested bicameral legislature with equal powers
 Urdu as the national language
More Criticism from The East Pakistan

About language
Government officials were from west
Ulemas still thought it was not Islamic enough

Clauses needed more revision which was not

done due to Liaquat Ali khan’s death in 1951.
PRODA - The Public Representatives
Officers Disqualification Act
 1949
 To finish corruption
 To establish a free and democratic country that Quaid
had dreamt off.
 Inquiry against anyone suspicious
 Complaint to Governor general to order judges for
inquiry
 Misused by the rich
 Liaquat Nehru Pact

End of free passage across the border

according to this pact
A visa system was introduced
Rights of minorities were to be given importance
Indian PM Jawarlal Nehru and Liaquat Ali Khan
in 1950
Attack over Hyderabad and Kashmir.

 Unfair boundary commission

 On 17 September 1948 India attacked Hyderabad
 UNO announced ceasefire (5th Jan 1948 – Kashmir)
 No results were received
 Death of Liaquat Ali Khan

 Douglas Gracy was replaced by General Ayub Khan in

1951
 Done because Pakistanis didn’t want British in army’s
senior positions
 Army officers got together (Rawalpindi conspiracy)
 Caught by Ayub khan and arrested
 Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated on 16 October 1951 in
Rawalpindi.