Trends in Physical Properties Group IA 1. Atomic Radius Number of shells increase, increase in shielding effect, size of atom increases. li 2. First lonization Energy @ Have only one (IA) or two (IA) valence electrons, which are weakly held, and i therefore are easily lost, so first |.E. decreases. K 3. Electronegativity @ Metals are electropositive in nature, since they have a strong tendency to lose Rb electrons. cs 4. Melting and Boiling Points + Weak metallic bonds in the solid state lowers the melting point. 5. Density Low densities due to large atomic volumes (less nuclear charge and greater atomic radius). Exception: (Density of K < Density of Na due to unusual increase in atomic size) Chemical Reactions of Group | (Reactivity Increases Down the Group) Group IIA Be AR. of Mg Group |A> | Group 11 Ca Sr LE. of Group IA < Ba Stroup IIA |? | am Flame Test With Water With Oxygen Oxides with Water | Oxides with Acids Decomposition of (burns in HCl) (hydroxides) (oxides) (soluble hydroxides) (chlorides) Nitrates @D | | | town, = x0 LiOH (colorless) uel LisO, NOz, Os cmon ed (lithium monoxide) NaOH and H202 NaNO,, 0; + NaCl, H:02 laNO2, Oz Na] NAOH + He | a (decomposed upon“ = och peroaae) heating to form water) a Kort KO: KOH , H202, O2 KCI, H202 , O2 KNO2, Op Es (potassium superoxide) D-H | ROH +H, ROO: RbOH 202,02 BCI, H:02,02 _ RbNO2, O era (rubidium superoxide) @c CSOH, H202,02 CSCI, H202,0, CSNO2, On Chemical Reactions of Group IIA (Reactivity increases Down the Group) Flame Test With Water. With Oxygen | Oxides with Water Solubility of (with Hcl) (hydroxides) (oxides) (hydroxides) Sulphates se | Noreaction Be0 Insoluble Fairly soluble (amphoteric) MgO + Hs (steam) iyo ree ta Me | Mg(OH), (cold lg Insoluble airly soluble (basic) water) @D | =| cao, ——ca0tquickime) Solve ee breed (limewater) (basic) J @ sro Sr(OH)2 Soluble Least soluble atc me SclOL (basic) Soluble: Least soluble @ |, | cxom, ete) Pre areen (basic) | MedAngle Premed The solubility of Group Il carbonates decrease down the group. The stability of carbonates and nitrates increase down the group due to smaller cations. Group | carbonates are more| stable than Group I carbonates. Group II carbonates decompose upon heating to produce an oxide and CO>. Group II nitrates decompose upon heating to form an oxide (MO), NO;, and oxygen. Group 1! elements react with nitrogen to form nitrides, MN, which react with water to liberate ammonia.