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Einstein?) 2B THAR, Baap Egy Bxp}9] whyto) gape Uyeeh, Bre] Aa AU Alt gf Hl BUAIA zk oe Aebelch vlad yx}o} ofa] pyre BAY al Berwec Ache Ad at HVS, VL Bapo} ofyai7} adeds gurcp alee galas: Vola] ett. ol A ge melee] Aol ahsael F 74, Bole] Fulpo] Zags} ofl SA7bstt AAS age Aa Ech gape} ol zi7b eee} et a apopey a} 4129] % oz] eH Kyu =f — (3.23) 2 99 ATE Ol AHA UehYs] hed. wo} al)S Gus se we FMS BS $2] Bh ARUS Wes AS TIS | we ge spaapy opps Aoleh, Delt ol BASS B 5 ari VS Ad Seo ays yale. 43.2311 AL ASz}2] whales APgoyA] BAS ALS Aa} Habev || wel ch WS elo A BUA ALB Behe) Bajo) 7zhe. gop spo} Kt ASSES Yep, Bae Sif RASLSE AAS Foy 7Hset oye eee}. US PE EWOSYE AAO 2 EULES AASS HOH Role} Deja APS IS ale} alo} lA] B]-B Abo|o) AHS IS BAAS] SEAIAS Beizie ye. ofe4z}o|cp, BAS GME G] BAM arojy] 99} gasp] Ve ls Fo WHE BMG Fay Lo} We Fohpo] way) apgeleh, o] FH SSA SEMIS SUE 23} of4z7} Qowz, 4 (3,23)% i= OTE AH. S, f= ¢ (3.24) ald ASSHS ASH TPA = offs he (3.25) ot, APH BASU Me OS 7h Evol) Beasph whe 90 TPS BBS ebay, WA 12S BAO WE GE WES AVAe ew wel =1953, 0153) 4.) oLZoj) Het 7} APNE DBS 1915 Robert Millikane] 28) fps: Le} x}qo} 7b solytel 4d AOPOACH Millikan® oe] 744] Zn}-p2} YS AAgsla] ao] Sy SHAS PARAS o| Sesto} anck AME USA SAE Ba AMAA AADS Agate 4] GB.23k Aske, 7} Ie Ah} Oe Gi ae 2S 2A G1] MolFaeh, 219] BAKE] Millikan’ Planck ASS AE APBSIO} Ato) a Agee oe Sassi. Robert A, Millikan (18 82 31 SAH IMHO} oxy 5 w wi STAN & | ‘ age By Ce 6080100129 MAREE (10! Hz) AB 311 YHA) & Millikang} a Aas ve AAS 71B71E i/o} . ABLE B71 ARs Planck aS ab = aleh ear 7, He WE Boma Supe 2p LeyY Millikan®} AlcHot= 19) ayy HUAl slo} -Yspspa] 9 a wal stat] MEO AZo} 4] qh BE So} alc Baler = egal a Lovass (a) S¥e] 650 nme BLA spapo} oy z]9} esp }e1712 (b) AAAI7E 2.40 eVel ba}9} mAp-2. ghop ark ol (@) 4 G.21)% o} asa =H _ 6.63 x 10-™ J.5)(3.00 x 108 mis) a 650 x 10-7 m = 3.06 x 10-94 SUE. 1s WHER ase 3.06 x 10-!9 5 =191ev 7F MCE Ol SH] Lal LAA nek 2EHsto} eV-nm EH YEhHR zhetolalep, Pr UAC, WALT O} CHEE = WSK}, Binsteine- 41419] a} o} 1921 ¥1 the Bell] eo)3h= Planck At> 2 ‘BS Aap a Aaleeh, Planck 4h Oh o7t AS] BAIA AANA AL apaatayo} Planck AS AGRE AWS Fao} upc. Apap] SQEIO9} a AN ROHS AHS abe -, h= 657 x 10 Ses 1 ALAR DBO WEIS 1903 x v)2)zh Base 24g, WAS welch 1 LAS upto ys Ube FES WEI, Of WS Millikano] BARI = AO} 7] A+ $2} Bho) sy aoley AA = 6.6260696 x 19-4 jg Oleh 9) aE Sx 10" BES) Yate (ap aah sere} £3 DE 71) AWAOe Ase gor fe _1240eV-mm _ oy ay a 650mm PEIE 4A Gong 123} Saleh upyoe Fe pa fate 1 (nev A) = eve A ek cl” estnm SESE Mev ay Fe ee wet foe pel = 1.91 eVie (SSS Hol Bae apa (2.11)9) eels Mepehe Ae] So] F Hoje} ©) A GB.2D8 264 Ga Bel Lovaas FH GAM UBHE 4 sreveleh (a) PAH} al & BREA PoE, () abo) 198 nme aad AED FWA AS a SON AS MoH? 2184 WeMMe abet? Bol @) A G.29% he _ 1240eV-nm = 274m 231 MAR Bg SRM OL PALE AS14109} ylepol pale, ie (91 8S POL Mato} Koay = hf — (co) WAMMAL K,..M MAAS AEE, _ 12406 98am K, Lev = Asay y=75 =LAV a aaa EAS AY + alate ag] 4 BE BANAL WspH Ae, Zo} EAUth. SS SES GNSS BAS Yep] = Oh, BVA ABIAS AY G12] mo zgey, Bas IVs VET OR Grech. BAVy YE RE Wel UA VAS 7}|at Saech, os Sel Be]Sz} Vo] LAE Al dispersive medium) 18-3144 1S CHE apo] Az CHE Zz} oo} UH TES apa ech BASAL ch E404 S44 SOM HA oS Be Bao] Ges ae de. PVE 7a B 0] MH AHS Zt Be} asol) AA 97] eo P-e]7} ae 2 7ksh SAS 6 FS] AOS Aa Bre Soba Boo] Feio| WARE SASHES oleh Ze Gees] ABSS S89] ap Aye ayo] qt aes spl 9 Set aN A AS WAMoleh, ol WPI: SEA 2570 84 1947] Bol HBS. 0] AVES va slaves, wale @ Fast BATH] O1F oo} Vals] way aetch gal, ABA AGUAS M19 Ws 3 Sz agaigeh ol AS Hee PES) AR TECH, i 4A ABS!) STHESS VGslo] wr}, o] Wyse] BRL wy — ESSN Bale May PSR YAH] Avis Sash oleh, 28 G13} BAS] SE7} 7, = 1000 Ke a Ae Agael AWS aS SOFZ Ueh UY Bajo] LSS Tz Bsr I71a 3g G.13)4 “er T,=1250K2] 47-8 Bl AAG GS Aes 7h] ech. wel of See ages AGE LE Te AVS Weta Fel StS] wet aa Ea, BASRA yea etal 721 4S Q2He Qa] So) eye chest Pe Saat Aa SF 7P] gage wep) gato! melt ve Solzo} a + ahct. ete eer 2 of io © Arle 221 A 3.1001 HAR, WE aH AIRE wat chet ote (eee etao} Het Bhs) ool gheh, spel Belg GAT ol Seed ofl elajo] Deeps HES 71RsIshha SA ole. F714 esl ae aL So] Basie Bal BAS 9] jal] U2 Bayz) BAS Tele, wv 84 38 | UAH Ito| gyxpy AI 10) 2B 3.13 oe] = apy 234567890 . BE LOL aah Shaped Spas Fal HHS) BAVE Sey Seto ube} Srteleh, olla wee aeHe CHA Wea SE} Lebel] whey cy] YES oe ala He yz} yee SRS YE Yeh ofyloh wlaal4s of I=or B.25) 7t Att. Al (3,26)S Stefang] Bale VE BE ok Stefan-Boltzmann S4¢2}3! HEC}, 2 Zhe 2H (.13)eH) Bel y HBS AW Ashe] Fahe} vlal ls of RSF Beh wera aPHuam) I bee ANG WIA WIS HL Ba) o S7FCES SHEA.) ale) Bebe wslalstoy & YomxT = 2.8978 x 10-9 m-K SAAolea Beta ol7/4 wg @=7} wldtol oleh Achat THUTL Wien?] 212. 7}@lgl Bal7t ial bye) Be Beals] Alba S7F-ReHHol lols} Ao] o| etow woz qurstel gaps} alate alah qa SBA 6] Aas Wieng| 0] Bae ate up = Ait 2 H. S571 S7HMO} web, gto} Wapato} wy UALS SAM. “White hat g 7H4p9p Ir ae EC es fe = ANS Ojo} gep, Loviss (@) BLT= 20°C) $A BAL ao] Paps ye SPE aehelzi? (6) AIH] ASAE US apo] Awe go} we ay wy (.650nm)ol $313} See Bae] SEB solr}! gl aieh she? © 4 ee SEO WH RS tetopaiE te Ber? Bo] @) BALES AGAY SEE 1,=273 + 20-293 Ko} BP, Wiend] 9} wish ato ofaet _ 2.8978 x 10-3 m-K ‘max 7 78 x1 a, = 287210 mK 9.89 4m 293K ole, AS aay] AWE GO] aeled ao} heh 5.67037 x 10-8 W/m? K* 2. SS AE alert Bie m0, LE SZ whe} Soy TH hw © I/T, 28} (3,13)0] MQ] Za} BO Ae MeP vB Bap a (3.27) = SES 7A) 2) BEANO AL & AUS] BE ap go] Seco] wae veo] YASS ©) BE A ME] SEES 7, = 650 nm 3H CHA) Wien] WAIAS Bato} 7. Fag 2.8978 x I tT, 2.8978 x 10° mK ~~ 630x109 m = 4460K ©) & He 74 rol vaso Fs Bxopya}o] wy) 1 oT _ (4460 x) 1” oT} Q93Ky" = 5.37 x 10% 7k ACh, Ol AAAS BA(Kelvin) SF APR zo} soleha, 3.31 UAE a5 else! BANU AF ROL olga geal age atapoqe, ol ge HAL IELATST ADMLp ON ote gealsjul, gh panto 9 AE MAE SAR MAPA] upop op, WAL, MALE Kh 1 SSH BAl(blackbodyyel= Sg ey ge srapayua a, gaye SV NMHLS SPU} Ohba] Que 4g BESS AA SU Veo] Say 2 ge pop eae. eashe tS Hol he shy sys gape ge ae ayy a eah SAH MOA Boho Wyse abpyiope ayepaey ; 3.14) Tee SAVE OLLet I paIO] Ue Salt, por} styfol) engsice gogea a fe APH EVE wolake SAHe 84} Se Solty) gala cp] jyow ug + of BAL, % VAAL gl SHES FAIRE REE ahh, Say Geapoal ybayt qlotepa @lstzb aauyztet Het, FILS] wha] U-Oe Bape aby} eo} wapol Mo apal7] wel Wz 2] Ajo] BAS SH SY FVS whey yoe ways opepah 2 glch, Qa te] SARE Tebshah Bape 8 BPE Zh2} gy of e]a) else (EF9] sm} olf} 2]) 7} gy, ARS, BAS] MAS Bel abe sa] Oo 29h. +a bolo] SES Ze AAyzlate] oe] Qed S98 + VE BP ae. ay ADHE ula} A Aoleh. o] BPH AWAY Hho] B $ FBLESE USS OS AGS Bag aes Folel7} of: SY zo] At Gal a SRA BES TVA old oleh. 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OF : eAyatsy ap str — a) aol, aairiah tates] nal ool PIAA 121 ASE SUS MLSNANE MLSE aah, o7]a} ghale Hate ob Ale TARE LEAS Bolg o1 SHES wt Hag Ee X-Al @ ® TB 3.23 (a) ASSAE BEIM) HA UAL, SF COMA FOULS AZzHFS Aap AvaH ga}o} 23 AMA EA, AHEO] I] Maat SHA wl Ad] Hele Lela|s xa Bapy Hoppe *h, (b) AEA B39] 41259) Ee 3.5 | JIE BX 2H 95 he ~ eA (3,55) BAA 7A 10.000 VIAL Iyaat= LA] + nmol n} 6] 312 SEAM XAL Yeo} asec}. o]g} We eiawel was Ze XALS ANS, ES 44S S]m|sHE Selo} el bremsstrahlungo] eb? THOLAS SIMA CHF Gelato] Holo] uot: ERAlel XAd of Halo] BPSK Bold} tech), ¥7}2) bremsstrahlung 2:24! 41 21 BARI] 20kV, 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 aP4}(nm) oS 28 6.24) oF Yep ach, 3B 3.24 AVA AERA Ame BALQOS UehyRl aE A}O) apye. a 4 Ame ae 7a) a ay eee Alas Aah + BA} > Aap WARIS: Behe] Bfoleh, Tey, eS OAL WAS AGA Heh Yojuy AY BE AY LESS gasp] ato] Fula] FAS Mat Yolok Ue. Bat UAE LG WARS + le EE BS Myelal ol Pde wept hale 2H Qa AAS balay} Boh tel ayaa aaa} agto] Zou arto aslel abgehs go} Ashe 7H) Aeelch, wlesatod webalis aztonal abate] HEC, Ba}7t aaa} ey] o}2ioy = at SAH] Bows ole galoheizit Mae aoleH(o] Ae Me] Weta a AE OFLICH, BAS] Me] As Balas Aas] HEA Sole C9} Es BA hf SE, +E = (me +K,) + (me +K) G56) K,% K= BA OMT} B7] HE A Bo] Moy] Hats BAe Ae mc = 1.02 MeV} oH} 2) 7HA131 QLoF Stat ofa} to} 4] BAR HAO Yejol] Sa}sbey, 7]s 2 ue Bah — Aah + aA} 2} Qe}, o] BBS bremsstrahlungy} URS Fylo} YAM HOGS Bay S aay} gw 298 alojuy geet ah8 AA + Bat — Bp 4A] VojHen) o] age MAAN BARO]e}T Yen] | 7 o}A0] Bap Balglepel RAZ PAAR APOLALTE VORICH. ©] SOP) AAz}O} ALAN Apopx| ar ho) Bak ah Alec, ee Eo ES 21% S| WAVE PARE el Alebst Be ofA} 7p BES|7] SAE (ne? + Ky) + (gc? + K_) = By + Ey (3.57) & WHspojof ech, 32 | SIXI7IMS| eS 96 3 WS BH LSA KEKE HAIR bt alopay obziabo} alae WAALS BAVA op 2HabHS seh, ele g PeAOF bx. BASHA We RA cis FO] MEL] $e SF Bayt Pe ol 0.51 MeV E meg 2B SAlojof Sey. BHI 7 AS 7alD wale reap wa + AAS} ORV |e abe ylo) Bee galery + BARS Teo] iT wep BxJope} a} ole} BAL onal} SES Seth oS aapriaps] apo} mt Ab E= Ho, p= hehe BA Uech Bake Bay] MADE Bas Sa aay Aehaleh, Bhs aah we Ano THE 3H 3.25 eee aval 4 eA, lola Ue ate OME AAS aa de 2 AU BS ue 2+ ach az AM os AMS OS azz 7 Al teh, eel Aslal7t aigoat OPE At ot Ba gala 24) AS GEM, (A, Shimony, “The Reality of the Quantum World” Scientific American 258, 46 (1988'A 1D 84H + o) BIA Fel 22] Bho] Aas Faye ays + ye ase € US We SHe + a. ofa} 7H BBbBCh. vg, Wilol4 Ba Be eS Ae ATES ohE Aas SAA clad 4 Ut, AS So} SSR AAIS Agstere shee] UPolaay a A A712] UH} Azh9] Ags Bato] zz 4 Qolok eh, aE SHS AU7hOF M2) oh al cee SoS z]prbok BA) Betef ay] eo SHER] = 7S Baal BF UA + leh, We BES] Asko} Yabo] aay} Be Sets de] Ae wee Boe SHI US We shEOe AeysHEr] azke AysrErl sot S Aolch, TYzlet Yeo] Ba] od SHObs oa ahs We Uso S72] URE Belo] WHE 1S SITS BAT Oe t Sole BAAS Ala Fact 7h. 1SSas Fh AUS We hea BS Aol BAAS ey US We Wy BAST Aolth, Ta Belo] oL Yepow apES Agel te WPS UAE Ass] |B AME ofa AAS US] DISS 71132 Yo F-2]7} shat Ye AF o] old SHAH cH] BMoll] Hels BLS AHS USA) HS & UeSzlS Val B= LErh. oli] $z]9) os Ags gel gold Sa Qt Yo} Hato] ysis wah We Her Pz} Po} vols BS 150% A(Ox 10’) FES FPP wah APH oF Ss AS APD BAYAIZ vpyaj7| she g] Bele alzt Set oF] BA We Sept] Fe]7} stat Ne AA SH7t Waal FE UB 3.6 | BAH P121742 ch, TRAE HOLA] BM) oL-Beesl eb ypeLAaI TE ee Mabe: hee MEU Zlaleh, a} 3.25% RO] FALE o]BAo} lo} ypayatel 4palela) oul Gell ALAA WAL Ale a}S BAH] HBto} were a}Ao} YS moles get. aol Ue Beye: eH AeA (beam spite ATY7H= 0] 212. 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