Mental Disorders

Mental Health and
Behavior Disorders
Personality Disorders and Depression
Personality Disorders
● An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that:
○ deviates markedly from the expectations of the
individual’s culture,
○ is pervasive and inflexible,
○ has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood,
○ is stable over time, and
○ leads to distress or impairment.
General Personality Disorder
Development and Course
- The features usually become recognizable during adolescence or early adult life.
- Some types of personality disorder tend to become less evident or to remit with age,
- antisocial and borderline personality disorders
- Less true for some other types
- (e.g., obsessive- compulsive and schizotypal personality disorders).
- If younger than 18 years, the features must have been present for at least 1 year.
- One exception: antisocial personality disorder, which cannot be diagnosed in

individuals younger than 18 years.
- Although a personality disorder requires an onset no later than early adulthood,

individuals may not come to clinical attention until relatively late in life.
- More frequent in males than females.

Clusters of Personality :
CLUSTER A CLUSTER B CLUSTER C
- Odd or eccentric - Dramatic, erratic or - Anxious and fearful

behaviors and emotional behavior emotions and
thinking and interpersonal chronic self doubt
relationships
● Paranoid PD ● Antisocial PD ● Avoidant PD

● Schizoid PD ● Borderline PD ● Dependent PD
● Schizotypal PD ● Histrionic PD ● Obsessive-
● Narcissistic PD compulsive PD
Other: Personality change due to another medical condition, other

specified personality disorder, unspecified personality disorder
CLUSTER A CLUSTER B CLUSTER C
WEIRD WILD WORRIED

“PaSS” on the invite “BAHNed” from future Will go but “DOA”
parties
● Paranoid PD ● Borderline PD ● Dependent PD

● Schizoid PD ● Antisocial PD ● Avoidant PD
● Schizotypal PD ● Histrionic PD ● Obsessive-
● Narcissistic PD compulsive PD
- They shy away - They will engage in - They will be highly

from social overly emotional, anxious and
interaction self-centered, neurotic
manipulative and
aggressive
behavior
Paranoid Personality
Disorder
A pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others’
motives are interpreted as malevolent.
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Cluster A: Paranoid Personality Disorder
Associated features supporting diagnosis:
- generally difficult to get along with and often have problems with close relationships.
- Their excessive suspiciousness and hostility may be expressed in overt argumentativeness, in recurrent
complaining, or by quiet, apparently hostile aloofness.
- Because they are hypervigilant for potential threats, they may act in a guarded, secretive, or devious manner
and appear to be "cold" and lacking in tender feelings.
- Although they may appear to be objective, rational, and unemotional, they more often display a labile range of
affect, with hostile, stubborn, and sarcastic expressions predominating.
- They are often rigid, critical of others, and unable to collaborate, although they have great difficulty accepting
criticism themselves. They may blame others for their own shortcomings.
- They may be perceived as "fanatics" and form tightly knit "cults" or groups with others who share their paranoid
belief systems.
Development and Course:
- may be first apparent in childhood and adolescence with solitariness, poor peer relationships, social anxiety,
underachievement in school, hyper sensitivity, peculiar thoughts and language, and idiosyncratic fantasies.
- These children may appear to be "odd" or "eccentric" and attract teasing.
- In clinical samples, this disorder appears to be more commonly diagnosed in males.

Schizoid Personality
Disorder
A pattern of detachment from social relationships and
a restricted range of emotional expression.

Cluster A: Schizoid Personality Disorder
- May have particular difficulty expressing anger, even in response to direct provocation, which
contributes to the impression that they lack emotion.
- Their lives sometimes seem directionless, and they may appear to "drift" in their goals.
- Often react passively to adverse circumstances and have difficulty responding appropriately to
important life events.
- Because of their lack of social skills and lack of desire for sexual experiences, individuals with this
disorder have few friendships, date infrequently, and often do not marry.
- Particularly in response to stress, individuals with this disorder may experience very brief psychotic
episodes (lasting minutes to hours).
- In some instances, this disorder may appear as the premorbid antecedent of delusional disorder or
schizophrenia.
- Individuals with this disorder may sometimes develop major depressive disorder.
- Schizoid personality disorder most often co-occurs with schizotypal, paranoid, and avoidant
personality disorders.
- Schizoid personality disorder may be first apparent in childhood and adolescence with solitariness, poor peer
relationships, and underachievement in school, which mark these children or adolescents as different and
make them subject to teasing.
- Slightly more often in males and may cause more impairment in them.
Schizotypal Personality
Disorder
A pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships,
cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities
of behaviors.
Cluster A: Schizotypal Personality Disorder
- Individuals often seek treatment for the associated symptoms of anxiety or depression rather than for the
personality disorder features per se.
- Particularly in response to stress, individuals with this disorder may experience transient psychotic episodes
(lasting minutes to hours), although they usually are insufficient in duration to warrant an additional diagnosis
such as brief psychotic disorder or schizophreniform disorder.
- In some cases, clinically significant psychotic symptoms may develop that meet criteria for brief psychotic
disorder, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or schizophrenia.
- Schizotypal personality disorder has a relatively stable course, with only a small proportion of individuals going
on to develop schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder.
- Schizotypal personality disorder may be first apparent in childhood and adolescence with solitariness, poor
peer relationships, social anxiety, underachievement in school, hyper sensitivity, peculiar thoughts and
language, and bizarre fantasies.
- These children may appear "odd" or "eccentric" and attract teasing.
- May be slightly more common in males.
Antisocial Personality
Disorder
A pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the
rights of others.

Cluster B: Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Individuals with antisocial personality disorder frequently lack empathy and tend to be callous, cynical, and
contemptuous of the feelings, rights, and sufferings of others.
- They may have an inflated and arrogant self-appraisal (e.g., feel that ordinary work is beneath them or lack a
realistic concern about their current problems or their future) and may be excessively opinionated, self-assured,
or cocky.
- They may display a glib, superficial charm and can be quite voluble and verbally facile (e.g., using technical
terms or jargon that might impress someone who is unfamiliar with the topic).
- Lack of empathy, inflated self appraisal, and superficial charm are features that have been commonly included
in traditional conceptions of psychopathy that may be particularly distinguishing of the disorder and more
predictive of recidivism in prison or forensic settings, where criminal, delinquent, or aggressive acts are likely to
be nonspecific.
- These individuals may also be irresponsible and exploitative in their sexual relationships.
- Individuals with antisocial personality disorder may also experience dysphoria, including complaints of tension,
inability to tolerate boredom, and depressed mood.
- They may have associated anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, substance use disorders, somatic symptom
disorder, gambling disorder, and other disorders of impulse control.
- Individuals often have personality features that meet criteria for other personality disorders, particularly
borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders.
- Antisocial personality disorder has a chronic course but may become less evident or remit as the individual
grows older, particularly by the fourth decade of life.
- Although this remission tends to be particularly evident with respect to engaging in criminal behavior, there is
likely to be a decrease in the full spectrum of antisocial behaviors and substance use.
- By definition, antisocial personality cannot be diagnosed before age 18 years.
● Antisocial personality disorder is much more common in males than in females.

Histrionic Personality
Disorder
A pattern of excessive emotionality and
attention seeking.

Cluster B: Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Individuals with histrionic personality disorder may have difficulty achieving emotional intimacy in romantic or
sexual relationships.
- Without being aware of it, they often act out a role (e.g., "victim" or "princess") in their relationships to others.
- They may seek to control their partner through emotional manipulation or seductiveness on one level, while
displaying a marked dependency on them at another level.
- Individuals with this disorder often have impaired relationships with same-sex friends because their sexually
provocative inter personal style may seem a threat to their friends' relationships.
- They often become depressed and upset when they are not the center of attention.
- They may crave novelty, stimulation, and excitement and have a tendency to become bored with their usual
routine.
Cluster B: Histrionic Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality
Disorder
A pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships,
self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity

Cluster B: Borderline Personality Disorder
- Individuals with borderline personality disorder may have a pattern of undermining themselves at the moment
a goal is about to be realized
- e.g., dropping out of school just before graduation; regressing severely after a discussion of how well
therapy is going; destroying a good relationship just when it is clear that the relationship could last
- Some individuals develop psychotic-like symptoms during times of stress.
- Premature death from suicide may occur in individuals with this disorder, especially in those with co-occurring
depressive disorders or sub stance use disorders.
- Recurrent job losses, interrupted education, and separation or divorce are common.
- Physical and sexual abuse, neglect, hostile conflict, and early parental loss are more common in the childhood
histories of those with borderline personality dis order.
- Common co-occurring disorders include depressive and bipolar disorders, substance use disorders, eating
disorders (notably bulimia nervosa), posttraumatic stress disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
- The most common pattern is one of chronic instability in early adulthood, with episodes of serious affective and
impulsive dyscontrol and high levels of use of health and mental health resources.
- The impairment from the disorder and the risk of suicide are greatest in the young-adult years and gradually
wane with advancing age.
● Borderline personality disorder is diagnosed predominantly (about 75%) in females.

Narcissistic Personality
Disorder
A pattern of grandiosity, need for
admiration, and lack of empathy.

Cluster B: Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Associated features supporting diagnosis
- Vulnerability in self-esteem makes individuals with narcissistic personality disorder very sensitive to "injury"
from criticism or defeat.
- Although they may not show it outwardly, criticism may haunt these individuals and may leave them feeling
humiliated, degraded, hollow, and empty.
- They may react with disdain, rage, or defiant counterattack.
- Such experiences often lead to social withdrawal or an appearance of humility that may mask and protect the
grandiosity.
- Interpersonal relations are typically impaired because of problems derived from entitlement, the need for
admiration, and the relative disregard for the sensitivities of others.
- Narcissistic personality disorder is also associated with anorexia nervosa and substance use disorders (especially
related to cocaine).
- Histrionic, borderline, antisocial, and paranoid personality disorders may be associated with narcissistic person
ality disorder.
- Narcissistic traits may be particularly common in adolescents and do not necessarily indicate that the individual
will go on to have narcissistic personality disorder.
- Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder may have special difficulties adjusting to the onset of physical
and occupational limitations that are inherent in the aging process.

Avoidant Personality
Disorder
A pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and
hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

Cluster C: Avoidant Personality Disorder
● Individuals with avoidant personality disorder often vigilantly appraise the movements and expressions of those
with whom they come into contact.
● Their fearful and tense demeanor may elicit ridicule and derision from others, which in turn confirms their self
doubts.
● These individuals are very anxious about the possibility that they will react to criticism with blushing or crying.
They are described by others as being "shy," "timid," “lonely,” and “isolated.”
● The major problems associated with this disorder occur in social and occupational functioning.
● The low self-esteem and hypersensitivity to rejection are associated with restricted interpersonal contacts.
● These individuals may become relatively isolated and usually do not have a large social support network that
can help them weather crises.
● They desire affection and acceptance and may fantasize about idealized relationships with others..
- The avoidant behavior often starts in infancy or childhood with shyness, isolation, and fear of strangers and new
situations.
- Although shyness in childhood is a common precursor of avoidant personality disorder, in most individuals it
tends to gradually dissipate as they get older.
- In contrast, individuals who go on to develop avoidant personality disorder may become increasingly shy and
avoidant during adolescence and early adulthood, when social relationships with new people become
especially important.
- There is some evidence that in adults, avoidant personality disorder tends to become less evident or to remit
with age.
Dependent Personality
Disorder
A pattern of submissive and clinging behavior
related to an excessive need to be taken care
of.
Cluster C: Dependent Personality Disorder
- Often characterized by pessimism and self-doubt, tend to belittle their abilities and assets, and may constantly
refer to themselves as "stupid."
- They take criticism and disapproval as proof of their worthlessness and lose faith in themselves.
- They may seek overprotection and dominance from others.
- They may avoid positions of responsibility and become anxious when faced with decisions.
- Social relations tend to be limited to those few people on whom the individual is dependent.
- This diagnosis should be used with great caution, if at all, in children and adolescents, for whom dependent
behavior may be developmentally appropriate.
In clinical settings, dependent personality disorder has been diagnosed more frequently in females, although some
studies report similar prevalence rates among males and females.
Obsessive-Compulsive
Personality Disorder
A pattern of preoccupation with orderliness,
perfectionism, and control.

Cluster C: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
● When rules and established procedures do not dictate the correct answer, decision making may become a
time-consuming, often painful process.
● They may have such difficulty deciding which tasks take priority or what is the best way of doing some
particular task that they may never get started on anything.
● They are prone to become upset or angry in situations in which they are not able to maintain control of their
physical or interpersonal environment, although the anger is typically not expressed directly.
● Many of the features of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder overlap with "type A" personality
characteristics (e.g., preoccupation with work, competitiveness, time urgency), and these features may be
present in people at risk for myocardial infarction.
Cluster C: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Personality Change Due to
Another Medical Condition
A persistent personality disturbance that is
judged to be due to the direct physiological
effects of a medical condition.
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
- A variety of neurological and other medical conditions may cause personality changes, including central
nervous system neoplasms, head trauma, cerebrovascular disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy, infectious
conditions with central nervous system involvement (e.g., HIV), endocrine conditions (e.g., hypothyroidism,
hypo- and hyperadrenocorticism), and autoimmune conditions with central nervous system involvement (e.g.,
systemic lupus erythematosus).
- The associated physical examination findings, laboratory findings, and patterns of prevalence and onset reflect
those of the neurological or other medical condition involved.
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Personality Disorder
This category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of a personality
disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or
other important areas of functioning predominate
- but do not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the personality disorders
diagnostic class.
The other specified personality disorder category is used in situations in which the clinician
chooses to communicate the specific reason that the presentation does not meet the
criteria for any specific personality disorder.
This is done by recording “other specified personality disorder” followed by the specific
reason (e.g., “mixed personality features”).
Unspecified Personality Disorder
This category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of a
personality disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational, or other important areas of functioning predominate
- but do not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the personality
disorders diagnostic class.
The unspecified personality disorder category is used in situations in which the

clinician chooses not to specify the reason that the criteria are not met for a
specific personality disorder, and includes presentations in which there is
insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis.
Treatment
● Certain types of psychotherapy have shown to be effective for treating
personality disorders.
● Ideally, during psychotherapy, an individual can gain insight and knowledge
about their disorder, what is contributing to symptoms, and get to talk about
thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
● Psychotherapy can help a person understand the effects of their behavior may
be having on others and learn to manage or cope with symptoms and to
reduce behaviors causing problems with functioning and relationships.
● The type of treatment will depend on the specific personality disorder, how
severe it is, and the individual’s circumstances.
Treatment
Commonly used types of psychotherapy include:
● Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic/transference-focused therapy
● Dialectical behavior therapy
● Cognitive behavioral therapy
● Group therapy
● Psychoeducation (teaching the individual and family members about the diagnosis,
treatment and ways of coping)
There are no medications specifically used to treat personality disorders.
However, in some cases, medication, such as antidepressants, anti-anxiety medication or

mood-stabilizing medication, may be helpful in treating some symptoms.
More severe or long-lasting symptoms may require a team approach involving a primary care
doctor, a psychiatrist, a psychologist, a social worker and family members.
Treatment
In addition to actively participating in a treatment plan, some self-care and coping strategies can
be helpful for people with personality disorders.
● Learn about the condition. Knowledge and understanding can help empower and
motivate.
● Get active. Physical activity and exercise can help manage many symptoms, such as
depression, stress and anxiety.
● Avoid drugs and alcohol. Alcohol and illegal drugs can worsen symptoms or interact with
medications.
● Get routine medical care. Don’t neglect checkups or regular care from one's family doctor.
● Join a support group of others with personality disorders.
● Write in a journal to express one's emotions.
● Try relaxation and stress management techniques such as yoga and meditation.
● Stay connected with family and friends; avoid becoming isolated.
Depressive Disorders
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation disorder
Major Depressive disorder
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Substance/Medication-induced Depressive Disorder
Depressive Disorder due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified
CREDITS: Depressive
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Depressive Disorders
● The common feature of all of these disorders is the presence of
sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and
cognitive changes that significantly affect the individual's
capacity to function.
● What differs among them are issues of duration, timing, or
presumed etiology.
Disruptive Mood
Dysregulation Disorder
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
● Common among children presenting to pediatric mental health clinics.
● The onset must be before age 10 years, and the diagnosis should not be applied
to children with a developmental age of less than 6 years.
● Because the symptoms are likely to change as children mature, use of the
diagnosis should be restricted to age groups similar to those in which validity
has been established (7-18 years).
● Predominantly male.
Major Depressive Disorder

Subtypes of Major Depressive Disorder
● May first appear at any age, but the likelihood of onset increases markedly with
puberty
● Chronicity of depressive symptoms substantially increases the likelihood of

underlying personality, anxiety, and substance use disorders and decreases the
likelihood that treatment will be followed by full symptom resolution.
○ It is therefore useful to ask individuals presenting with depressive symptoms to

identify the last period of at least 2 months during which they were entirely free
of depressive symptoms.
Persistent Depressive
Disorder
(DYSTHYMIA)

Persistent Depressive Disorder
- Often has an early and insidious onset (i.e., in childhood, adolescence, or early adult
life) and, by definition, a chronic course.
- Early onset (i.e., before age 21 years) is associated with a higher likelihood of comorbid
personality disorders and substance use disorders.
- When symptoms rise to the level of a major depressive episode, they are likely to sub
sequently revert to a lower level.
- However, depressive symptoms are much less likely to resolve in a given period
of time in the context of persistent depressive disorder than they are in a major
depressive episode.
Premenstrual Dysphoric
Disorder
The essential features:
- expression of mood lability,
- irritability,
- dysphoria,
- and anxiety symptoms that occur repeatedly during the premenstrual phase of the cycle and remit
around the onset of menses or shortly thereafter.
● These symptoms may be accompanied by behavioral and physical symptoms.

● Symptoms must have occurred in most of the menstrual cycles during the past year and must have
an adverse effect on work or social functioning.
● Delusions and hallucinations have been described in the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle but
are rare. The premenstrual phase has been considered by some to be a risk period for suicide.
● Onset of premenstrual dysphoric disorder can occur at any point after menarche.
● Symptoms cease after menopause, although cyclical hormone replacement can trigger the
re-expression of symptoms.
Substance /
Medication-Induced
Depressive Disorder
Substance / Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
● A depressive disorder associated with the use of substance must have its on set while the
individual is using the substance or during withdrawal, if there is a withdrawal syndrome
associated with the substance.
● Most often, the depressive disorder has its onset within the first few weeks or 1 month of use
of the substance.
● Once the substance is discontinued, the depressive symptoms usually remit within days to
several weeks, depending on the half-life of the substance/medication and the presence of a
withdrawal syndrome.
● If symptoms persist 4 weeks beyond the expected time course of withdrawal of a particular
substance/medication, other causes for the depressive mood symptoms should be
considered.
Substance / Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
- Substances implicated in medication-induced depressive disorder, with varying degrees of
evidence, include:
- antiviral agents (efavirenz),
- cardiovascular agents (clonidine, guanethidine, methyldopa, reserpine),
- retinoic acid derivatives (isotretinoin),
- antidepressants,
- anticonvulsants,
- anti-migraine agents (triptans),
- antipsychotics,
- hormonal agents (corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, gonadotropin- releasing
hormone agonists, tamoxifen),
- smoking cessation agents (varenicline),
- immunological agents (interferon).
Depressive Disorder Due to
Another Medical Condition
Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
- Etiology is the key variable in depressive disorder due to another medical condition.
- There are clear associations, as well as some neuroanatomical correlates, of depression with
stroke, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury.
- Among the neuroendocrine conditions most closely associated with depression are
Cushing's disease and hypothyroidism.
- There are numerous other conditions thought to be associated with depression, such as
multiple sclerosis.
- However, the literature's support for a causal association is greater with some
conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, than with others, for
which the differential diagnosis may be adjustment disorder, with depressed mood.
- Following stroke, the onset of depression appears to be very acute, occurring within 1 day or
a few days of the cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in the largest case series.
- However, in some cases, onset of the depression is weeks to months following the CVA.
- In the largest series, the duration of the major depressive episode following stroke was 9-11
months on average.
- Similarly, in Huntington's disease the depressive state comes quite early in the course of the
illness.
- With Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, it often precedes the major motor
impairments and cognitive impairments associated with each condition.
- This is more prominently the case for Huntington's disease, in which depression is con
sidered to be the first neuropsychiatric symptom.
● The risk of acute onset of a major depressive disorder following a CVA (within 1 day to
a week of the event) appears to be strongly correlated with lesion location, with
greatest risk associated with left frontal strokes and least risk apparently associated
with right frontal lesions in those individuals who present within days of the stroke.
● The association with frontal regions and laterality is not observed in depressive states
that occur in the 2-6 months following stroke.
Other Specified Depressive
Disorder
Unspecified Depressive
Disorder
Treatment
Psychological treatments are the first treatments for depression. They can be
combined with antidepressant medications in moderate and severe depression.
Antidepressant medications are not needed for mild depression
Effective psychological treatments for depression include:
● behavioural activation
● cognitive behavioural therapy
● interpersonal psychotherapy
● problem-solving therapy.
Treatment
● Antidepressant medications include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs), such as fluoxetine.
● Health-care providers should keep in mind the possible adverse effects
associated with antidepressant medication, the ability to deliver either
intervention (in terms of expertise, and/or treatment availability), and individual
preferences.
● Antidepressants should not be used for treating depression in children and are
not the first line of treatment in adolescents, among whom they should be
used with extra caution.
SOURCE:
POST QUIZ
1. A person needs to have the symptoms of Disruptive Mood dysregulation
disorder for ___ months to be diagnosed.
a. 12 months
b. 12 weeks
C. 3 months
D. 4 months
POST QUIZ
1. A person needs to have the symptoms of Disruptive Mood dysregulation
disorder for ___ months to be diagnosed.
a. 12 months
b. 12 weeks
C. 3 months
D. 4 months
A patient is diagnosed with major depressive disorder with presence of
mood congruent or mood incongruent delusions or hallucinations. What
subtype is this?
A. Psychotic features
B. Mixed features
C. Atypical features
D. Anxious features
A patient is diagnosed with major depressive disorder with presence of
mood congruent or mood incongruent delusions or hallucinations. What
subtype is this?
A. Psychotic features
B. Mixed features
C. Atypical features
D. Anxious features
Persistent depressive disorder is also known as
A. Dysthanasis
B. Dysthmia
C. Dystonia
D. Dysthemia
Persistent depressive disorder is also known as
A. Dysthanasis
B. Dysthmia
C. Dystonia
D. Dysthemia
This disorder has essential features of expression mood lability, irritability,
dysphoria, and anxiety symptoms that occur repeatedly during
premenstrual phase of the cycle and remit around the onset of menses or
shortly thereafter
A. Premenstrual syndrome
B. Premenstrual depressive disorder
C. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
D. Premenstrual dysphoric syndrome
This disorder has essential features of expression mood lability, irritability,
dysphoria, and anxiety symptoms that occur repeatedly during
premenstrual phase of the cycle and remit around the onset of menses or
shortly thereafter
A. Premenstrual syndrome
B. Premenstrual depressive disorder
C. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
D. Premenstrual dysphoric syndrome
Which of the following drugs would cause a substance/medication
induced depressive disorder?
A zanamivit
B foscarnet
C tamoxifen
D isotretinoin
Which of the following drugs would cause a substance/medication
induced depressive disorder?
A zanamivit
B foscarnet
C tamoxifen
D isotretinoin
Which of the following is NOT a medical condition that causes personality
change
A hyperthyroidism
B hypothyroidism
C parkinsons disease
D huntingtons disease
Which of the following is NOT a medical condition that causes personality
change
A hyperthyroidism
B hypothyroidism
C parkinsons disease
D huntingtons disease
It is a pattern of social inhibition, feelings, inadequacy and hypersensitivity
to negative evaluation
A avoidant personality disorder
B borderline personality disorder
C histrionic personality disorder
D dependent personality disorder
It is a pattern of social inhibition, feelings, inadequacy and hypersensitivity
to negative evaluation
A avoidant personality disorder
B borderline personality disorder
C histrionic personality disorder
D dependent personality disorder
These individuals have a grandiose sense of self importance, is
preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty
and love. They believe that he or she is special and unique and they lack
empathy
A histrionic personality disorder
B narcissistic personality disorder
C schizotypal personality disorder
D obsessive compulsive personality disorder
These individuals have a grandiose sense of self importance, is
preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty
and love. They believe that he or she is special and unique and they lack
empathy
A histrionic personality disorder
B narcissistic personality disorder
D obsessive compulsive personality disorder
These individuals have a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal
relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of
idealization and devaluation
A borderline personality disorder
B paranoid personality disorder
C narcissistic personality disorder
D histrionic personality disorder
These individuals have a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal
relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of
idealization and devaluation
A borderline personality disorder
B paranoid personality disorder
C narcissistic personality disorder
D histrionic personality disorder
This disorder is a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships,
cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior
(schizotypal pd)
A paranoid personality disorder
B schizoid personality disorder
D general personality disorder
This disorder is a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships,
cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior
A paranoid personality disorder
B schizoid personality disorder
D general personality disorder

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Mental Health and

- antisocial and borderline personality disorders

- Less true for some other types

- (e.g., obsessive- compulsive and schizotypal personality disorders).

- One exception: antisocial personality disorder, which cannot be diagnosed in

- Although a personality disorder requires an onset no later than early adulthood,

- More frequent in males than females.

- Odd or eccentric - Dramatic, erratic or - Anxious and fearful

● Paranoid PD ● Antisocial PD ● Avoidant PD

Other: Personality change due to another medical condition, other

WEIRD WILD WORRIED

● Paranoid PD ● Borderline PD ● Dependent PD

- They shy away - They will engage in - They will be highly

CREDITS: This presentation template was

- These children may appear to be "odd" or "eccentric" and attract teasing.

- In clinical samples, this disorder appears to be more commonly diagnosed in males.

CREDITS: This presentation template was

CREDITS: This presentation template was

- By deﬁnition, antisocial personality cannot be diagnosed before age 18 years.

● Antisocial personality disorder is much more common in males than in females.

CREDITS: This presentation template was

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● Borderline personality disorder is diagnosed predominantly (about 75%) in females.

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will go on to have narcissistic personality disorder.

and occupational limitations that are inherent in the aging process.

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The unspeciﬁed personality disorder category is used in situations in which the

There are no medications speciﬁcally used to treat personality disorders.

However, in some cases, medication, such as antidepressants, anti-anxiety medication or

● Common among children presenting to pediatric mental health clinics.

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● Chronicity of depressive symptoms substantially increases the likelihood of

○ It is therefore useful to ask individuals presenting with depressive symptoms to

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- expression of mood lability,

● These symptoms may be accompanied by behavioral and physical symptoms.

Effective psychological treatments for depression include:

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