Requirements: Pipeline Dewatering, Drying and Product Filling Classification: Internal

Requirements Classification: Internal

Status: Relevant
Version: 1.01

TR2312 Pipeline Dewatering, Drying and Product Filling

Project development

Requirements, TR2312, Version 1.01,

Owner: Torhild Heiberg-Andersen

Document replaces version 1

Relevant versions:

1.01 (2017-06-27 10:24)

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Requirements: Pipeline Dewatering, Drying and Product Filling Classification: Internal

1 Objective, target group and provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Target Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Document Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Pipeline System Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Document Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.4 Application of Technical Requirements and Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.5 Use of Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 Method Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1 Technical requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2.1 Product Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2.2 Choosing a Dewatering, Drying and Product Filling Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4 Concept Development and Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1 Technical Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1.1 Planning, Development and Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1.2 Detail Engineering and Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2.1 Project Business Planning – RFO Feasability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2.2 Concept Panning – RFO Concept Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.3 Project Definition – RFO Concept Optimisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.4 Project Execution – RFO Detailed Engineering and Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5 Dewatering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.1 Dewatering Using Hydrocarbons as the Propelling Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.1.1 Technical Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.1.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.1.3 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2 Dewatering using Compressed Air as the Propelling Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2.1 Technical Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2.3 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3 Dewatering by Glycol Filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3.1 Technical Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.3.3 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6 Drying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.1 Drying by Glycol Swabbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.1.1 Technical Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.1.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.1.3 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.2 Drying by Air Purging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.2.1 Technical Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.2.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

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6.2.3 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.3 Vacuum Drying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.3.1 Technical Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.3.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.3.3 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7 Product Filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.1 Nitrogen Purge prior to Product Filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.1.1 Technical Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.1.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.1.3 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.2 Product fill Directly into a Glycol or Water Filled Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.2.1 Technical Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7.2.2 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7.2.3 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8 Tie-in Spools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.1 Technical Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.2 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9 Pigs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9.1 Pig Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9.1.1 Technical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9.1.2 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9.2 Pig Tracking and Locating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9.2.1 Technical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9.2.2 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
10 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10.1 Barriers When Working Against Live Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10.1.1 Technical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10.1.2 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
10.3 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
10.4 Changes from previous version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
10.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

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This document and its content, is for authorized company use only.

1 Objective, target group and provision

1.1 Objective

SR-21850 - The objective of this document is to define the minimum requirements for the planning and
execution of all dewatering, drying and product filling activities performed on submarine pipeline systems.

SR-21851 - The document is relevant for both rigid and flexible pipeline systems and supplements TR1098
Submarine Pipeline Systems, TR3051 Unbonded Flexible Pipes and TR2154 Tie-in of Subsea Pipelines and
Umbilicals.

1.2 Target Group

SR-21853 - The target group are personnel involved in concept development, evaluation, planning and
execution of pipeline dewatering, drying and product filling operations necessary for the construction and
preparation for start-up of submarine pipeline systems.

1.3 Provision

SR-21855 - Provision is made in Statoil Management System (TR3080 Pipeline Technology).

2 General

2.1 Document Structure

SR-21858 - Each section in the document is divided into two parts. The first part contains the minimum
technical requirements and the corresponding acceptance criteria, both of which are mandatory. The second
part contains guidelines relating to the implementation of the technical requirements which are for guidance
only.

2.2 Pipeline System Definition

SR-21860 - For the purposes of this document the pipeline system is defined as the submarine pipeline and all
other components and sub assembles that are required to be pigged, including but not limited to pig traps,
topside piping, risers, riser bases and subsea manifolds etc.

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2.3 Document Precedence

SR-21862 - In all matters related to pipeline dewatering, drying and product filling described in this document
that may be directly in conflict with DNV OS-F101 (ST 334) or any other internal governing document this
document shall take precedence.

2.4 Application of Technical Requirements and Acceptance Criteria

SR-21864 - The technical requirements and acceptance criteria described in this document are mandatory and
shall apply to all subsea pipeline projects.

SR-21865 - Note that it is also recognised that during the planning, development and definition, ref section
4.1.1, there may be issues that arise which can make the application of the requirements difficult or technically
inappropriate. In such cases it is the responsibility of the Project organisation to establish appropriate,
alternative or additional technical requirements or acceptance criteria. Adoption of alternative technical
requirements or acceptance criteria shall be handled as a deviation to this TR. Deviation permits
(dispensations) shall be handled in accordance with FR20 Management System App. B.

2.5 Use of Guidelines

SR-21867 - The guidelines contained in this document should be treated as giving guidance for sound and
prudent practice, but must be reviewed in each particular case by the responsible organisation in each project
to ensure that the particular circumstances of that project are sufficiently addressed.

3 Method Selection

3.1 Technical requirement

SR-21870 - Selection of the dewatering, drying and product filling method shall as a minimum be based on an
evaluation of, but not necessarily limited to, the following issues:

Risks related to personnel, assets and the environment.

Product type and required delivery specification.
Risks and consequences related to hydrate formation.
Risk and consequences of disruption to downstream processes.
Compatibility with the system configuration and expected pig performance.
Potential for unacceptable corrosion.
Location and availability of the product for filling.
The need for and availability of permanent process facilities.
Overall cost comparison.
Impact of schedule constraints
The need for and availability of contingencies.

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It shall be the responsibility of the Project to identify and evaluate additional issues that are specific to that
Project.

3.2 Guidelines

3.2.1 Product Categories

SR-21874 - The preferred method for dewatering, drying and product filling is primarily a function of the product
to be transported and therefore for this purpose can be divided into three categories:

Category A: Gas and Unstabilised Condensate with the water removed to a specified level (Dry
Gas/Condensate).
Category B: Gas, Unstabilised Condensate and Oil that is untreated with respect to water content (Wet
Gas/Condensate).
Category C: Stabilised Condensate and Oil. (Oil)

3.2.2 Choosing a Dewatering, Drying and Product Filling Method

SR-21876 - Table 3-1 provides a matrix for determining the most appropriate methods to be used for the
dewatering, drying and product filling of submarine pipelines. The table is a useful guidance with respect to
selection of method; however it should not be used as a substitute for sound technical design and evaluation.

Table 3-1
Hydrocarbon Product
Dewatering Method Drying method Product Filling method
Category

Product dewater and fill combined with glycol swab to dry (to meet specified water content)

Cat A: Gas or Unstabilised Dry air purge

Condensate with the water Compressed air1
content to a specified level (Dry
Vacuum dry
Gas/Condensate)
Nitrogen purge followed by
Compressed air1 dewater combined with glycol swab to dry product fill
(to meet specified water content)

Compressed air1 dewater combined with glycol swab to dry

Cat B: Gas and Unstabilised (for hydrate inhibition only)

Condensate that is untreated Glycol fill for combined dewater and dry (for hydrate Product fill directly into glycol
with respect to water content inhibition only) filled pipeline
(Wet Gas/Condensate).
Product dewater and fill combined with glycol swab to dry (for hydrate inhibition only)

Product fill using a pig or pigs for separation (no specific dewatering or drying requirement)
Cat C: Stabilised Condensate
and Oil Pipelines (Oil).
Product fill directly into water filled pipeline (no specific dewatering or drying requirement)

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1 Nitrogen may be substituted for compressed air.

4 Concept Development and Implementation

4.1 Technical Requirement

4.1.1 Planning, Development and Definition

SR-21883 - During the planning, development and definition phases of the project a technical description of the
Flooding, Cleaning and Gauging and Pressure Testing operations shall be established and shall be developed
and expanded as the project progresses in order to ensure that the system design is capable of being
precommissioned and commissioned in a practical and timely manner and is compatible with the system
design. The RFO concept shall be subjected to an appropriate level of technical and safety review at key
decision points throughout the project phases.

SR-21884 - The conclusion of the RFO work at the end of this phase shall be a “stand alone” RFO Concept
Document for use during detailed engineering and execution of the RFO activities. The Document shall contain
a detailed description of the RFO concept for each operation together with details of the minimum technical
requirements and acceptance criteria for each. The Document shall be subjected to a formal technical and
safety review.

4.1.2 Detail Engineering and Execution

SR-21886 - During the detailed engineering and execution phase the “stand alone” RFO Concept Document
produced at the conclusion of the definition phase, as defined in the preceding section, shall form the technical
basis for the detailed engineering and execution of the RFO activities. Any changes to the requirements of the
Concept Document shall be agreed in writing with the competent technical entity within the Company Project
organisation.

SR-21887 - Key technical documents produced during the detailed engineering shall be reviewed for
compliance with the “stand alone” Concept Document.

4.2 Guidelines

4.2.1 Project Business Planning – RFO Feasability

SR-21890 - During Business Planning phase of the project the RFO concept should normally be a brief outline
in sufficient detail to confirm that there is at least one feasible and robust RFO concept for the base case
pipeline system design. Any alternative pipeline system designs should be reviewed to establish their ability to
be precommissioned and commissioned.

SR-21891 - The work should include a review of each pipeline alternative with respect to piggability in relation
to the RFO concept. The review should be limited to identifying key issues and areas of difficulty or uncertainty
that may have implications for the feasibility of any of the alternative pipeline concepts. The need for any
technology qualification programs (TQP) related to pigging or other RFO related activities should be clearly
identified.

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4.2.2 Concept Panning – RFO Concept Development

SR-21893 - RFO input at this stage of the project involves further development of the RFO concept, taking
careful account of any developments and changes to the system design and the plans for construction.

SR-21894 - The work should result in an RFO concept report which should:

Include a robust RFO concept with minimum uncertainty.

Identify any remaining uncertainty or risk within the RFO concept.
Identify further possible optimisations and the associated risk and uncertainty.
Identify a list of main interfaces topics and associated key issues.

SR-21895 - The concept should be subjected to a technical and safety review.

4.2.3 Project Definition – RFO Concept Optimisation

SR-21897 - During this stage of the project the RFO concept should be developed to a level suitable for
inclusion in the RFO tender, the main goal being to define the requirements to a level that allows for tendering
for detailed design, procurement, construction and installation contracts. The work at this stage should include
but not necessarily be limited to the following activities:

Confirm overall system configuration and component geometry with regard to piggability.
Define the minimum, detailed technical requirements and acceptance criteria, based on those contained
in this document.
Define RFO functional requirements toward the design of pig traps, piping geometry, tie-in spools, and
templates and other subsea facilities etc.
Identify key issues or aspects of the concept that have impact on other project interfaces.
Establish dialogue with external (Project) interfaces regarding key issues.
Provide RFO cost and schedule input to the Project.
Establish an RFO risk register and provide input to the Project risk register.
Provide input for environmental risk assessment (discharges).

4.2.4 Project Execution – RFO Detailed Engineering and Execution

SR-21899 - During the execution phase of the Project detailed RFO procedures and plans and other
documents necessary for the execution of the dewatering, drying and product filling activities should be
produced. These procedures, plans and documents should be systematically reviewed for compliance with the
Concept Document.

SR-21900 - Typical activities should include but are not necessarily limited to:

Planning and scheduling of the work

Preparation of a Project Data Dossier

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Establish and progress interface issues

Incorporation of agreed changes into the RFO concept
Preparation of equipment spread designs
Performance of spread design reviews
Preparation of mobilisation procedures and plans
Preparation of field procedures
Performance of hazids and field procedures hazops
Preparation of a technical close-out manual

5 Dewatering

5.1 Dewatering Using Hydrocarbons as the Propelling Medium

SR-21903 - The use of hydrocarbons as a propelling medium during pipeline dewatering is applicable to
pipelines used to transport Category A and B hydrocarbons, reference table 3-1.

SR-21904 - It is necessary to recognise the high consequences associated with the risk of hydrocarbon
discharge to the environment when using hydrocarbons as dewatering medium.

5.1.1 Technical Requirement

SR-21906 - Hydrocarbon supply shall normally be taken from a “constant pressure” supply such as an adjacent
pipeline or hydrocarbon reservoir. In cases where this option is not available and the hydrocarbon must be
taken from a system that includes automatic flow and pressure control systems the proper performance of
these systems shall be verified for feeding into a liquid filled system as necessary for the dewatering operation.

SR-21907 - When hydrocarbons are to be used for dewatering and where the line-fill discharge is to the
environment then the following discharge requirements shall apply:

The discharge piping shall include a fail safe close valve that is also operated manually.
The discharge piping shall include a flow control valve, flow meter and a flow restriction to allow control
of and limit the maximum possible pig velocity.
Wherever possible during gas pipeline dewatering, the pig train shall be run on gas expansion to
minimise and limit the arrival pressure.
Where the line-fill discharge is to be controlled from a surface vessel, safe positioning of the vessel shall
be given careful consideration and were appropriate a worst case discharge plume simulation shall be
performed.
Line-fill discharge that may contain hydrocarbons shall be discharged in a safe manner and continuously
monitored for hydrocarbons. Any discharge containing hydrocarbons above the allowable limit shall
either be diverted to the process or collected for safe disposal.

SR-21908 - For technical requirements related to separation of the water line-fill from the propelling

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hydrocarbon reference section 6.1.1.

5.1.2 Acceptance criteria

SR-21910 - The final pipeline pressure is as is necessary to allow for start-up of the pipeline system.

SR-21911 - For acceptance criteria related to separation of the water line-fill from the propelling hydrocarbons,
reference section 6.1.2.

5.1.3 Guidelines

SR-21913 - To make hydrocarbons available for propulsion of the dewatering train it may be necessary to
provide a temporary connection point within the existing process. This connection point, if not already available,
may need to be included as a modification during an annual shut down.

SR-21914 - In order for the hydrocarbons to be made available it may be necessary to negotiate with the
owners, this is especially important if the hydrocarbon is to be supplied by another operator. This topic should
be raised as an interface item early in the project development if relevant.

SR-21915 - Carry-over of glycol and other unwanted fluids can result in problems for downstream pipeline
systems and processes. This should be taken up as an early interface issue, particularly where the
downstream systems are under the control of another operator.

SR-21916 - As this method requires the use of pressurised hydrocarbons extreme caution should be taken in
the planning and execution of this operation.

SR-21917 - For guidelines related to separation of the water line-fill from the propelling hydrocarbon reference
section 6.1.3.

5.2 Dewatering using Compressed Air as the Propelling Medium

SR-21919 - This dewatering method is applicable to pipelines used to transport Category A and B
hydrocarbons, reference table 3-1.

SR-21920 - It is necessary to recognise and adequately address the risk of fire when using compressed air as
a propelling medium in combination with steel brush pigs and in particular pipeline inspection pigs that use
brushes to achieve magnetic continuity with the pipe wall.

5.2.1 Technical Requirement

SR-21922 - Compressed air used for dewatering shall be oil free and have a dewpoint at the maximum
intended air spread operating pressure of not less than 10 degree C below the minimum ambient pipeline
temperature.

SR-21923 - The water line-fill shall be separated from the propelling air by a number of mechanical pigs
forming a separation train. The design of the separation train shall be based on the needs of the intended
drying method. The separation train requirements for drying concepts using vacuum or dry air purging shall
consist of a number of pigs (not less than 4) separated by batches of compressed air. The separation train
requirements for drying by glycol swabbing are given in section 6.1.

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SR-21924 - For pipelines where the line-fill is seawater the maximum chlorides content of the last batch of
liquid within the separation train at the point of discharge shall not be greater than for fresh water as defined in
TR0999 Requirements for Water Treatment for Hydrotesting and Preservation.

5.2.2 Acceptance criteria

SR-21926 - The acceptance criteria for concepts using glycol swabbing are given in section 6.1. The
acceptance criteria for concepts using vacuum or dry air purging for drying are as follows:

All pigs used to separate the liquid line-fill from the propelling air are confirmed at the receiving location
or have otherwise been removed from the pipeline.
The volume of water carried by the last separation pig on arrival at the receiving location indicates that all
bulk water has been removed.
The water carried by the last separation pig on arrival at the receiving location has a chloride content of
less than 200 ppm.

5.2.3 Guidelines

SR-21929 - The specification of a pipeline dewatering operation using compressed air as the propelling
medium is primarily one of separation train design, which in turn is dictated by the method to be used for the
subsequent drying operation.

SR-21930 - Guidelines for the train design for glycol swabbing are given in section 6.1.

SR-21931 - For dry air purging or vacuum drying the primary goal of the dewatering separation train is to
remove as much liquid water as is practical in order to minimize the drying time. The key issues for achieving
maximum water removal are:

The number and spacing of the separation pigs in order pick up any film bypass or “branch fall back”
after the passage of the preceding pig and,
The adequate draining and purging of remaining liquid from branch connections and valve cavities etc.

5.3 Dewatering by Glycol Filling

SR-21934 - This dewatering method is applicable to pipelines used to transport Category B hydrocarbons,
reference table 3-1.

5.3.1 Technical Requirement

SR-21936 - Where practical, the filling operation shall be performed with the use of a separation pig or pigs.
Where the filling operation must be performed without the use of a separation pig then the flushing velocity
shall be high enough to ensure removal of the bulk water sufficient to avoid the risk of hydrate formation. In
cases where it is unclear if the velocity is sufficient to achieve adequate water removal then a flow assurance
evaluation/simulation shall be performed to verify the adequate performance of the filling operation.

SR-21937 - In cases where a separation pig is not used, the glycol used for the filling operation shall have a
water content that is not less than 20% below the minimum necessary to provide hydrate protection. In cases

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where a separation pig is used then the glycol shall have a water content that is not less than 5% below the
minimum necessary to provide hydrate protection.

5.3.2 Acceptance criteria

SR-21939 - The difference between the water content of the injected glycol and the discharged glycol shall be
such that it indicates that all bulk water has been removed and that the risk of hydrate formation is eliminated.

SR-21940 - Any separation pigs used are confirmed at the receiving location or have otherwise been removed
from the pipeline.

5.3.3 Guidelines

SR-21942 - Under normal circumstances dewatering a pipeline by glycol filling is only applicable to production
flowlines, where the glycol volumes are relatively small and the only requirement is to ensure hydrate inhibition.
The use of a separation pig provides a well-defined filling operation with easily predictable and verifiable
results. However the launch and recovery of a pig subsea can be time consuming and expensive, whereas a
filling operation without the use of a pig is much more difficult to predict and verify but avoids the additional cost
and schedule. Selection of the most appropriate method should be based on a careful risk versus cost
evaluation.

6 Drying

6.1 Drying by Glycol Swabbing

SR-21945 - This drying method is applicable to pipelines used to transport Category A and B hydrocarbons,
reference table 3-1.

SR-21946 - This concept relates to a combined dewatering and drying operation, the dewatering requirements
are given in section 5. The following sections deal only with the drying aspects of the glycol swabbing train.

6.1.1 Technical Requirement

SR-21948 - A separation pig train consisting of a number of mechanical pigs separated by batches of glycol
shall be used to separate the water line-fill from the propelling medium in order to achieve a dryness level
appropriate for:

The transport of “dry” gas without the risk of any residual liquid having an impact on the hydrocarbon
delivery specification.
Elimination of the risk of any residual liquid forming hydrates with the hydrocarbons being transported.

SR-21949 - For concepts where the hydrocarbon gas has a specified maximum allowable water content the
glycol batches at the point of injection shall have water content not greater than 20% of the water content
necessary for the glycol water mixture to be in an equilibrium condition with the specified water content of the
hydrocarbon gas. The equilibrium condition shall be based on the intended operating conditions immediately on

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start-up. Acceptable glycol water content for equilibrium conditions shall be based on results from Statoils’
“NEQSIM” simulation program or an equivalent program.

SR-21950 - For concepts were the need is to provide hydrate inhibition only, then the glycol batches at the
point of injection shall have a water content not less than 5% below the minimum necessary to provide hydrate
protection.

SR-21951 - The procedures for the glycol swabbing operation shall be designed to ensure that all parts of the
pipeline system are adequately purged with glycol, including branch connections and valve cavities etc.

6.1.2 Acceptance criteria

SR-21953 - For concepts where the hydrocarbon gas has specified a maximum allowable water content, the
water content of the last batch of glycol in the separation train on receipt shall be equal to or less than the water
content necessary for the glycol water mixture to be in an equilibrium condition with the specified water content
of the hydrocarbon gas. The equilibrium condition shall be based on the intended operating conditions
immediately on start-up. Acceptable glycol water content for equilibrium conditions shall be based on results
from Statoils’ “NEQSIM” simulation program or an equivalent program.

SR-21954 - For concepts were the need is to provide hydrate inhibition only, the last batch of glycol in the
separation train on receipt shall have a water content equal to or less than the minimum necessary to provide
hydrate protection.

SR-21955 - The volume of glycol carried by the last separation pig on arrival at the receiving location indicates
that all bulk glycol has been removed.

SR-21956 - For pipelines where the line-fill is seawater the maximum chlorides content of the last batch of
liquid within the separation train at the point of discharge shall not be greater than for fresh water as defined in
TR0999 Requirements for Water Treatment for Hydrotesting and Preservation.

SR-21957 - All separation pigs used are at the receiving location or have otherwise been removed from the
pipeline.

6.1.3 Guidelines

SR-21959 - The primary goal of a glycol swabbing operation is to ensure that the liquid film that unavoidably
remains on the pipe-wall after the passage of the swabbing train does not have water content above a
predefined value.

SR-21960 - The maximum allowable water content in the film for hydrate inhibition is dictated by the need to
avoid the possibility of hydrate formation when in the presents of the hydrocarbon product (Category B
Hydrocarbons – reference table 3-1).

SR-21961 - The maximum allowable water content in the film for hydrocarbons that already have the water
removed (Category A Hydrocarbons – reference table 3-1) is set by the need to avoid the possibility of
exceeding the specified maximum allowable water content of the hydrocarbon product due to contact with the
glycol film.

SR-21962 - In both of the above cases the composition of the remaining film will be the same as the

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composition of the final batch of liquid in front of the last pig. The goal therefore, for the train design is to ensure
that the water content of the last batch of liquid in the separation train is below the desired level on arrival at the
receiving end of the pipeline. This goal is influenced by:

The number of separation pigs used.

The volume of fluid between each separation pig.

SR-21964 - The minimum volume of fluid between each pig may also be dictated by the need to maintain a
minimum separation distance between pigs. The use of more separation pigs is usually a much more cost
efficient way of reducing the water content of the last batch as opposed to increased batch size.

SR-21965 - The default number of separation pigs is normally 4 pigs separated by three batches of glycol.
However a smaller number of batches of correspondingly increased size may be acceptable subject to
technical justification, this may be particularly relevant for subsea pig launch or receipt where a large number of
pigs may require an addition recovery and reinstallation of the pig trap.

SR-21966 - In order to meet the maximum allowable chloride content, reference TR0999 Requirements for
Water Treatment for Hydrotesting and Preservation, and at the same time avoid excessive glycol volumes one
or more batches of fresh water may be included in the swabbing train ahead of the glycol batches.

SR-21967 - In order to improve the efficiency of the swabbing train it may be prudent to include a nitrogen
batch in front of and at the rear of the swabbing train in order to assist the removal of any water/glycol retained
in branch connections that are not easily accessible externally.

SR-21968 - Where the ability to launch or receive pigs is limited or operationally difficult, it is acceptable to
combined the nitrogen within the first and last batch of the isolation train.

SR-21969 - In order to condition valve cavities it is normal practice to stop displacement of the separation train
and cycle the valve in the presence of glycol. In order to condition branch connections that are accessible it is
normal practice to either bleed off or inject glycol as the swabbing train passes that location.

6.2 Drying by Air Purging

SR-21971 - This drying method is applicable to pipelines used to transport Category A hydrocarbons, reference
table 3-1.

6.2.1 Technical Requirement

SR-21973 - Air injected into the pipeline shall be oil free and shall have a dewpoint at the maximum drying
operating pressure that is at least 10 degrees C less than the minimum expected environmental temperature at
any point along the pipeline during the drying operation.

SR-21974 - Dewpoint monitoring at the point of injection and at the point of discharge shall be by use of at least
minimum two independent measuring devices, each based on a different measuring principle.

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6.2.2 Acceptance criteria

SR-21976 - The difference in dewpoint between the drying air at the point of injection and the drying air at the
point of discharge at atmospheric pressure shall be less than 2 degrees C. for a continuous period equivalent
to the time for one complete replacement of the pipeline air content.

SR-21977 - The level of dryness specified above shall be verified after a slow flow “soak” period during which
the dry air flow rate in the pipeline shall be reduced to a velocity at the point of discharge of not greater than 0.1
m/s for a period of not less than 12 hours.

6.2.3 Guidelines

SR-21979 - Air drying is most efficient when performed at the lowest possible pressure. Generally, the lowest
possible pressure is achievable by discharging the air via an open ended pipe (pig trap door open).

SR-21980 - During the final stages of drying, the remaining liquid surface area available for contact with the
drying air is significantly reduced; consequently the drying efficiency is also reduced, possibly to the point that it
has no observable effect on the discharge dewpoint. The intention of the slow flow “soak” period is therefore to
increase the air contact time with any remaining liquid water in order to make the water more visible to the
discharge dewpoint monitoring equipment.

6.3 Vacuum Drying

SR-21982 - This drying method is applicable to pipelines used to transport Category A hydrocarbons, reference
table 3-1.

6.3.1 Technical Requirement

SR-21984 - Vacuum drying of a pipeline shall be performed by reducing the absolute pressure in the pipeline to
a stable pressure, for a period of not less than 12 hours, that is less than 15% of the saturated water vapour
pressure at the minimum ambient pipeline temperature at any point along its length, or to 1 mbar(a), whichever
is the lower.

SR-21985 - In order to avoid the risk of freezing any remaining liquid water during the water evaporation phase
the pipeline pressure at the inlet to the vacuum pumps during this phase shall at no time be allowed to fall
below the saturated water vapour pressure at 0 degrees C.

SR-21986 - Completion of the liquid water evaporation phase shall be verified by one or both of the following
alternatives:

1. Perform a low pressure dry gas purge (air or nitrogen at a dewpoint better than -30 degrees C) where the
pipeline water vapour pressure at the pipeline outlet is not greater than 5% higher than at the pipeline
inlet. At no time during the purging operation shall the gas velocity in the pipeline exceed 1.5 m/s. and
the total volume purged shall not be less than 1.1 pipeline volumes at the prevailing pressure conditions.

2. Perform a hold period of not less than 36 hours where the final pressure has stabilised and the water
vapour pressure is not greater than 90% of the saturated vapour pressure at the minimum ambient

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pipeline temperature at any point along its length.

Alternative 2 shall only be used where access to both ends of the pipeline is impractical.

6.3.2 Acceptance criteria

SR-21989 - The pipeline shall be accepted as dry if the pipeline meets the dryness requirements and
verification specified in the preceding section.

6.3.3 Guidelines

SR-21991 - Achieving a stable pipeline pressure in order to verify the pipeline condition when vacuum drying a
pipeline can be time consuming for the following reasons and should be taken into account when accepting
particular hold duration as adequate:

1. The absolute pressure during the final stages of the vacuum drying process is very low, consequently the
available delta pressure to move water vapour from one point in the pipeline to another is also very low
and the corresponding pressure equalisation durations therefore long.

2. The process of evaporation the liquid water causes a reduction in the temperature of the remaining liquid
water. This reduction in temperature produces a corresponding reduction in vapour pressure.

SR-21992 - Vacuum drying should commence as soon after dewatering as is practical , while the remaining
water is still distributed over the internal surface, thus allowing for maximum heat transfer during the drying
phase.

SR-21993 - Verification of complete liquid removal by gas (air or nitrogen) purging needs to be performed at
sufficiently low velocity to ensure that the gas has enough time to pick up a detectable amount of water from
the relatively small surface area of any remaining puddles.

SR-21994 - Verification of complete liquid removal by use of a hold period requires that the hold period is
sufficiently long to allow for any remaining liquid water to revert to the ambient temperature conditions and
therefore the corresponding vapour pressure.

SR-21995 - It is very difficult to avoid some inleak during the vacuum process and this fact should be taken into
account when interpreting the vacuum drying data.

SR-21996 - Due to the need to avoid freezing of the liquid water, in combination with the inherent reduction in
liquid water temperature during the vacuum process, the process may be inappropriate for low ambient
temperature conditions due to the length of time required to achieve the complete evaporation of all liquid
water.

SR-21997 - The vacuum drying process should not be used on insulated pipelines or in other situations where
the thermal conductivity is low as the water evaporation process requires heat transfer from the local
environment in order to be effective.

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7 Product Filling

7.1 Nitrogen Purge prior to Product Filling

SR-22000 - This product filling method is applicable to pipelines used to transport Category A and B
hydrocarbons, reference table 3-1.

7.1.1 Technical Requirement

SR-22002 - The nitrogen used for purging shall have a purity equal to or better than 99% and a water content
not higher than the product used to fill the pipeline.

SR-22003 - The minimum purging velocity shall be based on flow assurance simulations in order to ensure a
discrete well defined interface between the air line-fill and the purging nitrogen is achieved.

SR-22004 - In cases where, due to the large pipeline volume, it is intended to commence introduction of the
product prior to arrival of the nitrogen purge at the point of discharge, the adequate maintenance of a discrete
interface between the nitrogen and the product shall be verified by a flow assurance simulation.

7.1.2 Acceptance criteria

SR-22006 - Acceptance on the nitrogen purging operation shall be based on the following:

The minimum required velocity has been maintained for the full duration of the purging operation.
The purity of the nitrogen at the discharge point is better than 98%.

7.1.3 Guidelines

SR-22008 - The quantity (and velocity) of the nitrogen used for the purging operation is greatly influenced by
the back pressure generated by the discharge piping size/arrangement, consequently the most efficient
operation can be achieved by venting the pipeline to atmosphere via an open pig trap door at the discharge
end. If this concept is used then due consideration must be given to the safe discharge of any nitrogen with
respect to the potential for asphyxiation or impact on other platform facilities and safety systems.

7.2 Product fill Directly into a Glycol or Water Filled Pipeline

SR-22010 - This product filling method is applicable to pipelines used to transport Category C hydrocarbons,
reference table 3-1.

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7.2.1 Technical Requirement

SR-22012 - In cases where the glycol or water line-fill is to be discharged to the environment, a separation pig
or pigs shall be used and the design of the discharge control system shall be in accordance with the
requirements described in section 5.1.1.

SR-22013 - In cases where no separation pig is to be used, all glycol or water discharge shall be via the
process facilities at the receiving location.

7.2.2 Acceptance criteria

SR-22015 - The product filling operation shall be accepted when the estimated quantity of glycol or water
remaining in the pipeline has no potential to impact the operating capability or capacity of the receiving
facilities.

SR-22016 - The separation pig, when used, shall be confirmed in the receiving pig trap.

7.2.3 Guidelines

SR-22018 - In cases where the intention is to not use a separation pig, then it is important to ensure that the
receiving facilities have the capability to handle the intended volumes and flow rate of glycol or water line-fill.
The flow velocity and the efficiency of the line-fill removal should be evaluated against the receiving facilities
capability and capacity to handle and process the line-fill.

SR-22019 - For line-fill discharge to the sea, where the pipeline has previously been in operation with
hydrocarbons, consideration should be given to the risk of hydrocarbon contamination of line-fill and the
potential impact on the environment.

8 Tie-in Spools

8.1 Technical Requirement

SR-22022 - For tie-in spools that are none piggable and have an intermediate low point, which prevents them
from being drained back into the pipeline during the pipeline dewatering and drying process, spools shall be
prepared in such a manner that any remaining fluids:

Do not represent a corrosion risk to the spool, the downstream pipeline or other downstream facilities.
Have no potential to cause a negative impact on downstream processes.

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8.2 Guidelines

SR-22024 - Normal practice for dewatering and drying none piggable tie-in spools is to either:

Flush through the spool with glycol to reduce the water and chloride content to an acceptable level, or
Purge with nitrogen with liquid discharge via low point drain, or
A combination of the above.

SR-22026 - It is highly desirable not to include additional, temporary vents and drains to be used only for
precommissioning activities because of the potential for future leakage, consequently the addition of a
temporary vent or drain should only be considered were no other alternative for achieving the technical
requirement exists.

9 Pigs

9.1 Pig Design

9.1.1 Technical Requirements

SR-22030 - Pig designs shall be in accordance with TR2175 Pipeline Pigs.

SR-22031 - Pig speeds shall never be allowed to exceed the manufacturer’s recommendations.

SR-22032 - In order to minimise the total number of pigs required in a pig train a single pig may be used to fulfil
two or more functions.

SR-22033 - Pigs to be used in plastic lined pipes or nominal pipe sizes of 5” or less shall be qualified
specifically for that application with respect to the risk of liner damage and for piggability.

SR-22034 - Bi-directional disc pigs with metal bodies shall be used wherever possible.

SR-22035 - Stainless steel bodied pigs shall be used in stainless steel pipelines, carbon steel components shall
not be used.

9.1.2 Guidelines

SR-22037 - Pigs for dewatering operations should be selected primarily on their ability to maintain a good seal
against the pipe wall in order to minimise forward and rearward bypass during transit through the pipeline.
Adequate design is of particular importance where pigs have to traverse pipeline bends, Tees or Wyes and
were the pipeline has more than one internal diameter or the pigs have to reverse direction of travel.

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9.2 Pig Tracking and Locating

9.2.1 Technical Requirements

SR-22040 - A pig tracking and location plan shall be established for all pigging operations and shall take into
account the possible need for:

Finding a stuck pig.

Positive location of multiple pigs prior to closing a pipeline isolation valve.
Confirmation of a pig arrival at the receiving location.

9.2.2 Guidelines

SR-22042 - It is normally good practice to provide a means of tracking pig passage through the pipeline and to
have the ability to locate individual pigs if necessary.

SR-22043 - Typical direct methods include the use of:

Pingers (although not generally recommended)

Transponders
Isotopes
Pig signallers (mechanical and magnetic)

SR-22045 - Typical indirect methods include the monitoring of:

Flow rate and total flow

Changes in backpressure or pressure differential.

SR-22047 - The method of pig tracking should be chosen on a project by project basis. Each device or method
has both advantages and disadvantages and sometimes more than one alternative will be required. Due to the
risk of equipment failure passive devices are generally preferred for critical location requirements, alternatively
a second back-up active device may be necessary.

SR-22048 - Typical pig tracking and locating operations that require particular attention include:

Ability to locate a stuck pig, where the risk is high.

Receipt of pigs into a receiver that requires the closing of a pipeline isolation valve prior to
removal/recovery of the pigs. (To avoid damage to the valve due to a pig being located directly in the
valve).
When conditioning valve cavities by cycling the valve in a MEG slug between pigs.
Ability to position a pig between two branch connections on a template manifold.

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10 Additional Information

10.1 Barriers When Working Against Live Systems

10.1.1 Technical Requirements

SR-22052 - When performing RFO work against live hydrocarbon systems the following barrier requirements
shall apply:

Operational Requirements:

R-18601 - Approved physical barriers on subsea installations.

R-18586 - Approved physical barriers (note: applicable to topsides installations).

Pipeline System Design Requirements:

TR1236 - Large valves in pipeline transportation systems Section 2.2.

10.1.2 Guidelines

SR-22056 - It should be noted that the applicable barrier requirements are not always defined by the physical
location of the barrier but sometimes by the location that is at risk from any leakage further into the system
passed the barrier. For example when performing a topsides intervention against a subsea isolation valve then
R-18586 - Approved physical barriers (on topsides installations) would apply to the barrier requirements for the
subsea isolation valve. Similarly when performing a subsea template intervention against a platform ESD valve
then R-18601 - Approved physical barriers on subsea installation would apply to the barrier requirements for
the ESD valve.

SR-22057 - When establishing the RFO concept for new systems connected to existing Live Systems the key
RFO issues related to hydrocarbon leakage into the new system that should be considered includes the:

Impact of any leakage on the environment.

Impact of any leakage on the safety of the facility, support vessel and personnel.
Risk to current and future operations from potential hydrate formation.

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10.2 Definitions

SR-22059 -
Shall (requirement) Requirement strictly to be followed in order to confirm to the document and from which no deviation
is permitted, unless a deviation permit is approved.
Should (recommendation) Indicates that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without
mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily
required, or that (in the negative form) possibility or course of action is deprecated but not
prohibited.
May Indicates a course of action permissible within the limits of the document.
Can Statements of possibility and capability, whether material, physical or causal.

Ready For Operations Pipeline precommissioning and commissioning (RFO).

Precommissioning All RFO activities excluding those involving the use of hydrocarbon, including flooding, cleaning,
gauging, pressure testing, but also include dewatering and drying when these activities do not
involve the use of hydrocarbons.
Commissioning All RFO activities that involve the use of hydrocarbons, this is mainly product filling, but includes
dewatering and drying when these activities involve and are carried out with hydrocarbons.
Live system A piping system or plant containing hydrocarbons at a pressure that is greater than the local ambient
pressure.

10.3 Abbreviations

SR-22061 -
RFO Ready for Operations (Pipeline)
ESD Emergency Shutdown (Valve)
DG(number) Project decision gate
TQP Technical Qualification Programme

10.4 Changes from previous version

SR-22063 - Published in new minor version as part of the GEM-project (Governing Element Management).
TR-document is digitalized, and each requirement element is now identified with a unique ID.

10.5 References

SR-22065 -
FR20 Management System
TR0999 Requirements for Water Treatment for Hydrotesting and Preservation.
TR1098 Submarine Pipeline Systems
TR1118 Temporary Pipeline Heads
TR1236 Large Valves in Pipeline Transportation Systems
TR2154 Tie-in of Subsea Pipelines and Umbilicals
TR2175 Pipeline Pigs
TR3051 Unbonded Flexible Pipes
R-18586 Approved physical barriers

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R-18601 Approved physical barriers on subsea installation.

ST334 DNV-OS-F101, Submarine Pipeline Systems

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