MEIOSIS

Group 1
GROUP 1
Leader: Carag, Stephanie G.
Members: Adnaira Ebrahim
Ashley Russ Pumarada
Britney Marbella
Joanna Galango
Kim Aleah Angkad
Lynx Maglasang
Yhasheen Tambac
Rhaiven Esmeña Pariño
What is Meiosis?
Meiosis a type of cell division that
results in four daughter cells each with
half the number of chromosomes of
the parent cell, as in the production of
gametes and plant spores.

It is a special type of cell division of

germ cells in sexually-reproducing
organisms that produces the gametes,
such as sperm or egg cells. It involves
two rounds of division that ultimately
result in four cells with only one copy
of each chromosome.
 Interphase
Before a dividing cell enters meiosis, it
undergoes a period of growth called
interphase.

Meiosis 1
The different stages of meiosis 1 can be
explained by the following phases :
Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
PROPHASE 1
 PROPHASE 1

The chromosomes begin to condense

Leptotene and attain a compact structure during
leptotene.

In zygotene, the pairing of homologous

chromosomes starts a process known
as chromosomal synapsis,
accompanied by the formation of a
Zygotene complex structure called
synaptonemal complex. A pair of
synapsed homologous chromosome
forms a complex known as bivalent or
tetrad.
 PROPHASE 1
At pachytene stage, crossing over of
non-sister chromatids of homologous
chromosomes occurs at the
Pachytene recombination nodules. The
chromosomes remain linked at the
sites of crossing over.

Diplotene marks the dissolution of the

synaptonemal complex and separation
of the homologous chromosomes of
the bivalents except at the sites of
Diplotene
cross-over. The X-shaped structures
formed during separation are known as
chiasmata.
 PROPHASE 1

Diakinesis is marked by the termination

of chiasmata and assembly of the
Diakinesis meiotic spindle to separate the
homologous chromosomes. The
nucleolus disappears and the nuclear
envelope breaks down.
 METAPHASE 1

The bivalents align at the

equatorial plate and microtubules
from the opposite poles attach to
the pairs of homologous
chromosomes.
METAPHASE 1
 Anaphase 1

The two chromosomes of each

bivalent separate and move to
the opposite ends of the cells.
The sister chromatids are
attached to each other.
Anaphase 1
 Telophase 1

The chromosomes arrive

at opposite poles of the
cell and formed two
haploid daughter cell.
Telophase 1
 What is
cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis involves the formation of

a cleavange furrow, resulting in the
pocketing of the cell into to cell.

At the end of Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis,

two sister cells are produced, each with
one half of the number of chromosomes
of the original parent cell.
 Meiosis II

The sister chromatids

separate, making haploid
cells with non-duplicated
chromosomes.
Meiosis II
 Four Phases of
Meiosis II

Prophase II
Chromosomes
condense and nuclear
envelope breaks down,
if needed.
 Four Phases of
Meiosis II

Metaphase II
Chromosomes line up
individually along
metaphase plate.
 Four Phases of
Meiosis II

•Anaphase II
Sister chromatids
separate and are pulled
towards opposite poles
of the cell.
 Four Phases of
Meiosis II

•Telophase II
Nuclear membranes form around
each set of chromosomes, and
the chromosomes decondense.
 Four Phases of
Meiosis II

•Telophase II
Nuclear membranes form around
each set of chromosomes, and
the chromosomes decondense.
 What is
Gametogenesis?

Gametogenesis
is an intricate process that involves
numerous biochemical pathways and
morphological changes. These sex
cells are produced by a specialized
type of cell replication known as
meiosis.
 Stages of
Gametogenesis
The process of gametogenesis occurs in three steps. They
are as follows;

Mitotic divisions along with cell growth of precursor germ

cells.

The occurrence of Meiosis I and Meiosis II for producing

haploid daughter cells.

Differentiating haploid daughter cells for the production of

functional gametes.
 Spermatogenesis
and Spermiogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process of producing sperm
cell in male reproductive organs (testes) through a
sequence of cell division (spermatocygenesis) and a
metamorphic change (spermatogenesis) to produce
spermatozoa

Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, which

sees the maturation of spermatids into mature
spermatozoa. The spermatid is a more or less circular cell
containing a nucleus, Golgi apparatus, centriole and
mitochondria. All these components take part in forming
the spermatozoon.
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