TITIK NOL ENGLISH COURSE

Jl. Brawijaya 75 Kampung Inggris

IG ; @titiknolenglish WA ; 0822 4910 1755
www.kampung-inggris-pare.id / www.titiknol-english.com

31-34

W: ok, last night you were supposed to read an article about human bones.

Are there any comments about it?

M: well, to begin with, I was surprised to find out there were so much

going on in bones. I always assumed they were pretty lifeless.

W: Well, that's an assumption many people make. But the fact is bones are

made of dynamic living tissue that requires continuous maintenance and

repair.

M: Right. That's one of the things I found so fascinating about the

article the way the bones repair themselves.

W: Ok. So can you tell us how the bones repair themselves.

M: Sure. See, there are two groups of different types of specialized cells

in the bone that work together to do it. The first group goes to an area of

the bone that needs repair. This group of cells produce the chemical that

actually breaks down the bone tissue, and leaves a hole in it. After that

the second group of specialized cells comes and produce the new tissue that

fills in the hole that was made by the first group.

W: Very good. This is a very complex process. In fact, the scientists who

study human bones don't completely understand it yet. They are still

trying to find out how it all actually works. Specifically, because

sometimes after the first group of cells leaves a hole in the bone tissue,
 TITIK NOL ENGLISH COURSE
Jl. Brawijaya 75 Kampung Inggris
IG ; @titiknolenglish WA ; 0822 4910 1755
www.kampung-inggris-pare.id / www.titiknol-english.com

for some reason, the second group doesn't completely fill in the hole. And

this can cause real problems. It can actually lead to a disease in which

the bone becomes weak and is easily broken.

M: ok, I get it. So if the scientists can figure out what makes the

specialized cells work, maybe they can find a way to make sure the second

group of cells completely fills the hole in the bone tissue every time.

That'll prevent the disease from every occurring.

35-38

M: Hi Diana, mind if I sit down?

W: Not at all, Jerry. How have you been?

M: Good. But I'm surprised to see you on the city bus. Your car in the

shop?

W: No. I've just been thinking a lot about the environment lately. So I

decided the air will be a lot cleaner if we call use public transportation

when we could.

M: I'm sure you are right. The diesel bus isn't exactly pollution free.

W: True. They'll be running a lot cleaner soon. We were just talking about

that in my environmental engineering class.

M: What could the city do? Install pollution filters in all their buses?

W: They could, but those filters make the engines work harder and really
 TITIK NOL ENGLISH COURSE
Jl. Brawijaya 75 Kampung Inggris
IG ; @titiknolenglish WA ; 0822 4910 1755
www.kampung-inggris-pare.id / www.titiknol-english.com

cut down on the fuel efficiency. Instead they found a way to make their

engines more efficient.

M: How?

W: Well, there is a material called XXX. It's a really good insulator. And

a think coat of it get sprayed on the certain part of the engine.

M: An insulator?

W: Yeah. What it does is reflect back the heat of burning fuel. So the fuel

will burn much hotter and burn up more completely.

M: So a lot less unburning fuel comes out to pollute the air.

W: And the bus will need less fuel. So with the saving on fuel cost, they

say this will all pay for itself in just six months.

M: Sounds like people should all go out and get some this stuff to spray

their car engines.

W: Well, it's not really that easy. You see, normally, the materials are

fine powder. To melt it so you can spray a coat of it on the engine parts,

you first have to heat it over 10,000 degrees and then, well, you get the

idea. It's not something you or I be able to do ourselves.

31-34

W: ok, last night you were supposed to read an article about human bones. Are there
any comments about it?
 TITIK NOL ENGLISH COURSE
Jl. Brawijaya 75 Kampung Inggris
IG ; @titiknolenglish WA ; 0822 4910 1755
www.kampung-inggris-pare.id / www.titiknol-english.com

M: well, to begin with, I was surprised to find out there were so much going on in bones.
I always assumed they were pretty lifeless.

W: Well, that's an assumption many people make. But the fact is bones are made of
dynamic living tissue that requires continuous maintenance and repair.

M: Right. That's one of the things I found so fascinating about the article the way the
bones repair themselves.

W: Ok. So can you tell us how the bones repair themselves.

M: Sure. See, there are two groups of different types of specialized cells in the bone that
work together to do it. The first group goes to an area of the bone that needs repair. This
group of cells produce the chemical that actually breaks down the bone tissue, and
leaves a hole in it. After that the second group of specialized cells comes and produce
the new tissue that fills in the hole that was made by the first group.

W: Very good. This is a very complex process. In fact, the scientists who study human
bones don't completely understand it yet. They are still trying to find out how it all
actually works. Specifically, because sometimes after the first group of cells leaves a
hole in the bone tissue, for some reason, the second group doesn't completely fill in the
hole. And this can cause real problems. It can actually lead to a disease in which the
bone becomes weak and is easily broken.

M: ok, I get it. So if the scientists can figure out what makes the specialized cells work,
maybe they can find a way to make sure the second group of cells completely fills the
hole in the bone tissue every time. That'll prevent the disease from every occurring.

31. What is the discussion mainly about?

32. What is the function of the first group of specialized cells discussed in the talk?
 TITIK NOL ENGLISH COURSE
Jl. Brawijaya 75 Kampung Inggris
IG ; @titiknolenglish WA ; 0822 4910 1755
www.kampung-inggris-pare.id / www.titiknol-english.com

33. What does the professor say about scientists who study the specialized cells in
human bones?

34. According to the student, what is one important purpose of studying specialized
cells in human bones?

35-38

M: Hi Diana, mind if I sit down?

W: Not at all, Jerry. How have you been?

M: Good. But I'm surprised to see you on the city bus. Your car in the shop?

W: No. I've just been thinking a lot about the environment lately. So I decided the air will
be a lot cleaner if we all use public transportation when we could.

M: I'm sure you are right. The diesel bus isn't exactly pollution free.

W: True. But they'll be running a lot cleaner soon. We were just talking about that in my
environmental engineering class.

M: What's the city gonna do? Install pollution filters of some sort on their buses?

W: They could, but those filters make the engines work harder and really cut down on
fuel efficiency. Instead they found a way to make their engines more efficient.

M: How?

W: Well, there is a material called the coniine oxide. It's a really good insulator. And a
thick coat of it get sprayed on the certain part of the engine.
 TITIK NOL ENGLISH COURSE
Jl. Brawijaya 75 Kampung Inggris
IG ; @titiknolenglish WA ; 0822 4910 1755
www.kampung-inggris-pare.id / www.titiknol-english.com

M: An insulator?

W: Well, yeah. Actually, what it does is reflect back the heat of burning fuel. So the fuel
will burn much hotter and burn up more completely.

M: So a lot less unburned fuel comes out to pollute the air, right?

W: Yeah, and the bus will need less fuel. So with the savings on fuel cost, they say this
will all pay for itself in just six months.

M: Sounds like people should all go out and get some this stuff to spray their car
engines.

W: Well, it's not really that easy. You see, normally, the materials are fine powder. To
melt it so you can spray a coat of it on the engine parts, you first have to heat it over
10,000 degrees and then, well, you get the idea. It's not something you or I be able to do
ourselves.

35. What is the conversation mainly about?

36. Why did the woman decide to ride the city bus?

37. What is the coniine oxide?

38. According to the woman, what may limit the use of the coniine oxide in cars?

39-42
 TITIK NOL ENGLISH COURSE
Jl. Brawijaya 75 Kampung Inggris
IG ; @titiknolenglish WA ; 0822 4910 1755
www.kampung-inggris-pare.id / www.titiknol-english.com

Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. My name is Alice Brown. As you know, we hold a
series of events during the school year on various culture topics. I am happy there's
such a large crowd of both students and professors, that's it, the second of our time, our
city art presentation this year. I see that almost every seat is taken. Tonight, we are
lucky to have our guest, the man of considerable fame in the world of music. He began to
play the piano at age of 5, by the time he was 10, he was already composing in playing
his own pieces. He's a graduate of the famous Juliet School in New York City. Our guest
has spent at least 45 years of his very successful career touring the world playing in
concert. We are fortunate that he's consented to come share some of his experiences
with us. He has had many adventures along the way, lost instruments, miss connections,
no hotel room, locked concert halls, and so on. He's played for all of the well-known
conductors, not only in North America but all over the world. The title of his talk is the
country tour 40 years on 4 continents. Please join me in welcoming Mr. Daniel
Robinson, one of the foremost pianists of our day.

39. What is the main purpose of Dean Brown's remarks?

40. Why does Dean Brown feel pleased?

41. When did the pianist begin to play his own composition?

42. What will the pianist mainly do?

43-45
 TITIK NOL ENGLISH COURSE
Jl. Brawijaya 75 Kampung Inggris
IG ; @titiknolenglish WA ; 0822 4910 1755
www.kampung-inggris-pare.id / www.titiknol-english.com

Let's turn our focus now to advertising. We all know what an advertisement is, it's
essentially a message that announces something for sale. Now, there is an important
precondition that must exist before you have advertising, and that's a large supply of
consumer goods, that is, things to sell. You see, in the place with a demand for a product
is greater than the supply, there's no need to advertise. Now, the early form of
advertising going back many hundreds of years with a simple sign there were shop
doors that told you whether the shop was a bakery, a butcher shop or what have you,
then was the advent of the printing crest. Advertising increased substantially as for
products like coffee, tea, and chocolate appeared in newspapers and another periodicals
as well as on the side of the buildings. In the American colonies, advertising in
communication's media like newspapers and pamphlets became a major factor in
marketing goods and services. By modern standards, these early advertisements were
quite small and subdue, not the splash sheet whole page spreads of today, still some of
them appeared on the front page of newspapers, probably because the news often
consist of less and fresh reports from distant Europe, for the ads were current or local.
Advertising really came into its own and became a central part of doing business, during
the industry revolution, suddenly there was a much greater supply of things to sell. And
as we said earlier, that is the driving force behind advertising. People's attention had
been drawn to the new product. Let's take a look at some of the advertisements from
that time.

43. What is the main topic of the talk?

44. What does the speaker say is the important precondition for advertising?

45. According to the speaker, what was the first advertisement?

 TITIK NOL ENGLISH COURSE
Jl. Brawijaya 75 Kampung Inggris
IG ; @titiknolenglish WA ; 0822 4910 1755
www.kampung-inggris-pare.id / www.titiknol-english.com

46-50

We know then that in the US, it's the job of Congress to review propose new laws,
which we call bills, and perhaps to modify these bills and then wrote on them. But even
if the bill passed in Congress, it still doesn't become a law until the president had a
chance to review it too. And if it's not to the president's liking, the bill can be vetoed or
killed in either of two ways. One is by a veto message. The president has ten days to veto
the bill by returning it to Congress, along with the message explaining why it's being
rejected. This keeps the bill from becoming a law unless overwhelming majorities of
both houses of Congress vote to over-right the president's veto. Something they really
do. Often, lawmakers simply revised the vetoed bill and passed it again. This time, in the
form the president less likely to object to, and us less likely to want to veto. The other
way the president can kill a bill is by pocket veto. Here's what happen. If the president
doesn't sign the bill within ten days, and Congress are jurors during that time, then the
bill will not become law. Notice that is only the end of entire session of Congress that the
pocket veto can be used, not just whenever Congress take the shorter break, say, for a
summer vacation, after a pocket veto, that particular bill is dead. If a lawmaker in
Congress want to push the matter in their next session, they'll have to start all over with
a brand new version of the bill.

46. What is the main topic of the talk?

47. According to the speaker, what does the veto message explain?

48. According to the speaker, what do lawmakers often do after a veto message is
issued?
 TITIK NOL ENGLISH COURSE
Jl. Brawijaya 75 Kampung Inggris
IG ; @titiknolenglish WA ; 0822 4910 1755
www.kampung-inggris-pare.id / www.titiknol-english.com

49. What happens to a bill as a result of a pocket veto?

50.