Task 2 - Identification of a Specific Problematic Situation

Karen Dayana Moyano Alvarado

Code: 1106951565

Group:39

Tutor

Claudia Victoria Vargas

National Open and Distance University-UNAD

School of Health Sciences-ECISA

Health Management

Palocabildo March 24, 2023

 Introduction

Drinking water is a necessity for all residents, however, water conveyance

infrastructure in rural areas is often unstable, and since public water services go hand in

hand with basic sanitation, it is urgent for "rural areas" to target water and basic

sanitation policies to improve public health. This with along with the efficiency of service

providers, especially in rural areas.

 Goals

General

Analyze the health situation for the different contexts in the health problems

faced by Palocabildo Tolima, which arise in the relationship between geopolitics and the

environment. specific

Identify the human disease caused by water contamination in palocabildo.

Determine the causes and impacts that this disease causes to the

palocabildense community.

Explain the epidemiological data associated with mortality and morbidity for the

severity of the disease.

 The risk of acute diarrheal diseases due to water contamination in

Palocabildo Tolima

Drinking water can transmit numerous diseases caused by microbiological and

chemical agents. In our country, outbreaks of waterborne diseases related to unsafe

water supplies are notifiable. The average annual notification rate is 74 outbreaks23.

The emerging problem in our environment is diseases caused by chemical

contaminants, either by contamination of the water at source or due to the chemical

characteristics of the supply, by the materials installed in contact with the drinking water,

by substances formed as reaction by-products from the use of chemical treatments

necessary for water purification, or by poor maintenance or design of the installations.

(Rev. Esp Salud Pública 2005).

 Palocabildo is the youngest municipality in northern Tolima, with 9,300

inhabitants and an area of 65 square kilometers. The water supply is managed through

a spring, which transfers the water through pipes to a water intake. The water flows to

the filters, which contain stones. Finally, from this process it reaches the storage tank

and is sent through the pipeline to the municipality where it supplies homes, businesses

and others.

The biggest problem in Palo Cabildo is water contamination. The storage tanks

easily fill with mud when it rains and are not cleaned immediately. However, the final

destination, which is the Palocabildenses' homes, the water arrives with mud, sand and

a large majority of microorganisms.

Based on this situation, the community of the municipality has repeated

consultations of acute diarrheal diseases at the Ricardo Acosta Hospital, being the most

consulted diagnosis in the last 6 months of the year.

 The main causes of these storage tanks becoming contaminated are due to the

fact that the sediment usually brings germs and contaminates the liquid. It also happens

that certain foreign elements can fall inside the reservoirs. This usually happens when

the lids or covers are damaged and do not insulate the inside of the tanks and cisterns.

When this happens, the impact on human health is reflected in the transmission

of diseases such as cholera, other diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid fever and

polio. If water and sanitation services are absent, inadequate or inappropriately

managed, the population is exposed to preventable health risks.

 In Palocabildo, acute diarrheal diseases are frequent, deteriorating the health

especially of children under 5 years of age, causing them to stool three or more times a

day, with loose or liquid stools that may be accompanied by vomiting or fever.

Dates epidemiologicos

An estimated 829 000 people die each year from diarrhea as a result of unsafe

water, inadequate sanitation or poor hand hygiene, yet diarrhea is largely preventable

and the deaths of some 297 000 children under five could be prevented each year if

these risk factors were addressed. Where water is not readily accessible, people may

not consider hand washing a priority, increasing the likelihood of the spread of diarrhea

and other diseases.

Diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of death in children under five,

killing 525 000 children each year. In the past, severe dehydration and fluid loss were

the leading causes of death from diarrhea. Diarrhea is the best-known illness related to

the consumption of contaminated food or water. In 2017, more than 220 million people

required preventive treatment for schistosomiasis, a serious, chronic disease caused by

parasitic worms contracted through exposure to infested water. (OMS, 2017)

Sivigila, National Institute of Health, Colombia, 2018 to 2019.

During the first 17 weeks of the year, there was evidence of an increase in

notification in the country, which exceeded the historical information of cases since

2013. Since then, the national notification has not exceeded the historical limits, despite
increases in territorial entities that contribute significantly to notification such as Norte

de Santander, and Bogota

 Cases of acute diarrheal disease were reported in 1,036 municipalities and the

five districts.

Bogotá with 27.4%, Antioquia with 16.4%, Valle del Cauca with 7.7% and

Cundinamarca with 5.4%, accounted for 57.6% of the cases.

7.7% and Cundinamarca with 5.4%, accounted for 57.6% of the cases.

(2019_Boletin_INS)
 conclusions

Diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of death for children under five

years of age, killing 525,000 children each year. In the past, severe dehydration and

fluid loss were the leading causes of death from diarrhea. In addition, it is the main

cause of water pollution

In Palocabildo Tolima, the biggest problem is water contamination, since there is

no good maintenance in the intake, respiratory, gastrointestinal and topical diseases will

continue to be generated

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