Garcia, Kohliene Mary D.

BSED ENGLISH 4B

Legends:

Period
Names/Publishers
Dates
Periodicals
Important Details
Supplementing Details

Early Years
➢ In the year 1637 was when the "Father of Filipino Printing",
Tomas Pinpin, launched the first Philippine newsletter called
"Successos Felices" (Fortunate Events). The publication was
written in Spanish and contained a 14-page report on current
events.

➢ In 1799, following Pinpin's debut in printing, he again came

up with his Hojas Volantes, or "flying sheets". It was titled
"Aviso Al Publico" (Notices to the Public), which served the
Spaniards and had a role comparable to a "town crier."

➢ "Del Superior Govierno" was launched by Gov. Fernandez del

Forgueras on August 8, 1811. It was the so-called first
regularly issued publication that reported developments about
Spain and Europe. It was also the first newspaper that
included in its layout the name, date and place of its
publication. Unfortunately, the paper only came up with 15
issues within its years of operation from 1811 to 1832.

➢ December 1, 1846, called "La Esperanza." The paper, edited by

Felipe Lacorte and Evaristo Calderon, lasted only for three
years. However, it gave way to the birth of other dailies such
as "La Estrella" in 1847 and "Diario de Manila" in 1848.

➢ It was renamed to "Boletin Oficial de Filipinas" which later

ceased circulation by Royal Order in 1860. The paper
 reappeared with Felipe del Pan as its editor and encountered
another official decree that led to its permanent closure on
February 19, 1898.

➢ 1862, a Tagalog publisher, Mariano Sevilla, founded El

Catolico Filipino. It was considered the first Philippine
religious newspaper, unexpectedly not managed by the Church.
It was also a paper that seriously dealt with the problems of
Filipinos.

➢ El Porvenir Filipino founded in 1865. It was the newspaper

that pioneered in two-edition dailies. Later it was followed
by Revista Mercantil which came out the same year.

➢ The year 1887 marked the beginning of more opinionated

journalism in the Philippines. It has officially begun on
April 1, 1887, with the birth of La Opinion. According to
historians, "It was the first paper to defy the friars and
campaigned for the ouster of the religious…"

Period of Revolution
➢ On February 19, 1889, La Solidaridad came out as the
"mouthpiece of the revolution." It operated with its policies
"to work peacefully for social and economic reforms, to expose
the real plight of the Philippines and to champion liberalism
and democracy."

➢ The staff of the paper was comprised of known personas like

Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Andres
Bonifacio, Pio Valenzuela, and Graciano Lopez-Jaena. The later
became the founding editor until he was succeeded by del
Pilar on October 31, 1889. The paper ceased publication on
November 15, 1895 which was then followed by the death of its
second and last editor in the early 1896.

➢ Katipunan also came up with their own publication. They

established "Ang Kalayaan" (Liberty) on January 1, 1896. It
 was edited by Pio Valenzuela, Emilio Jacinto and Andres
Bonifacio.

➢ Other revolutionary papers: El Heraldo de Iloilo on January 1,

1898 and La Libertad on June 20, 1898.

➢ Also in the same year, La Independencia was founded on

September 3 by Gen. Antonio Luna and Fernando Ma. Guerrero. It
was staffed by then famous writers: Rafael Palma, Cecilio
Apostol, Epifanio de los Santos and Judge Jose Abreu.
- A revolutionary organ called "El Heraldo de la
Revolucion" on September 28, 1898.

➢ On August 13, 1898, American editors aboard Admiral Dewey's

flagship came up with the paper, Bounding Billow. Succeeding
the Billow, newspapers such as American Soldier, Freedom, and
The American also came into existence.

American Colonial Period

➢ Manila Times of Thomas Gowan which was established on October
11, 1898. The paper was a response to the complaints of
American soldiers about the lack of a good English newspaper
at that time. It encountered various changes in ownership
including then President Manuel L. Quezon who bought it in
1917 and sold it after four years of possession.

➢ Two other foreign owners had the Manila Times before

Alejandro Roces, Sr. acquired it in 1927. Roces already
running the TVT (Taliba-La Vanguardia-Tribune).
➢ Also sometime in 1927 the son of Alejandro Roces, Sr., Ramon
Roces put up a magazine known as Graphic.

➢ TVT (Taliba-La Vanguardia-Tribune) then was considered the

first newspaper chain in the Philippines. Its founding was one
of the highlight events during the 1920s and bestowed on
Roces the title "father of mune was established by Roces on
April 1, 1925, with Carlos P. Romulo as editor.
 ➢ The "oldest existing newspaper", The Manila Daily Bulletin,
was established by Carson Taylor on February 1, 1900. The
paper started out as a shipping journal and later widened its
scope in 1912.

➢ In 1930, Sen. Vicente Madrigal, owner of the Herald, put up

his own publication chain called DMHM comprised of Spanish
daily, El Debate, weekly, Monday Post, Herald, and Mabuhay, a
Pilipino daily.

JAPANESE
➢ DMHM was the first destroyed when Manila was bombed. It was
only TVT that was left to operate however it was controlled
and functioned "solely for the benefit of the Japanese state"
on October 12, 1942. /,

➢ The chain together with Ramon Roces' Liwayway was allowed to

be published regularly but under the censorship of the
Japanese Imperial Army. The printing and distribution of the
periodicals were transferred under Osaka Mainichi Publishing
Company, established by Manila Sinbusya Corporation. The only
papers that existed those times were that of TVT, Liwayway,
Manila Shimbun, Shin-Seiki, Bicol Herald and Davao
Nichi-Nichi, all under the control of the corporation.

➢ These were typewritten or mimeographed paraphernalia on 8 ½ x

11-inch paper edited by journalists-guerillas. The
publication served to empower the soldiers and people's
morale and aid as counter-propaganda against the Japanese.

POST LIBERATION
After the atrocities of the Japanese and World War II in general,
Manila was freed on February 3, 1945.
 ➢ Manila Free Philippines became the first post-Liberation
newspaper published by the US Office of War Information. The
paper circulated from February - September 1945.

Some of the periodicals closed by the Japanese made comebacks but

those used for propaganda one by one perished. Those that
disappeared included Philippine Liberty News by Manuel F. Manahan,
Manila Post edited by Abelardo Subido and wife Trinidad
Tarrosa-Subido, Manila Tribune edited by Vicente Albino-Pacis and a
certain Morning Sun.

➢ The Manila Bulletin, further developed in 1947

➢ The Philippines Herald, Manila Chronicle, which started as

"The People's Newspaper" and was later bought by Eugenio Lopez
in 1947, and Manila Times, re-established by the Roces family.

➢ Ramon Roces, son of Don Alejandro, also put out Manila's

first-afternoon newspaper called Evening News. Furthermore,
his Graphic, renamed as Kislap-Graphic, Liwayway, and
vernacular sister publications: Bisaya, Bannawag, and
Hiligaynon were also re-launched.

Martial Law
On September 21, 1972, upon the declaration of Martial Law,
publications were once again halted from their liberal operations.

Then Pres. Ferdinand Marcos issued Letter of Instruction (LOI) No.

I which contained the ordinance, "to take over and control or
cause the taking over and control of the mass media for the
duration of the national emergency, or until otherwise ordered by
the President or by his duly designated representative."

It was in this period when the likes of Geny Lopez, Jr., Chino
Roces, Max V. Soliven, Luis Beltran, Teodoro Locsin, Jose Diokno,
Benigno Aquino, Jr. and others were detained at Camp Crame.

Existing Periodicals

➢ Manila Daily Bulletin, then owned by the late Gen. Hans Menzi
who was presidential aide-de-camp.
 ➢ The Times Journal by Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez, brother of
then First Lady, Imelda Marcos, and
➢ The Daily Express by Roberto S. Benedicto, who was a family
friend.

CONTEMPORARY TIMES
➢ The Manila Times, Ramon Roces decided to revive the paper on
January 1986, registered under his grandson, Alfredo R.
Guerrero.

➢ He also brought back La Vanguardia Publishing Co., Inc. which

was for his other grandson, Ramon R. Davila. The newspaper
came out on February 5, 1986, with his cousin, Joaquin
"Titong" R. Roces as editor-in-chief.

➢ The Manila Chronicle was re-established with publisher Joaquin

"Chino" Roces and editor Amando Doronilla.

➢ The weekly, We Forum, also emerged with Jose Burgos as its

publisher.

➢ Present-day newspapers such as Philippine Daily Inquirer,

Philippine Star, Manila Standard, and even Business World were
born during those times.

Legends:

Period
Names/Publishers
Dates
Periodicals
Important Details
Supplementing Details