Republic of the Philippines

LagunaStatePolytechnicUniversity
Province of Laguna
COLLEGEOFINDUSTRIALTECHNOLOGY
2nd Semester / AY. 2019-2020

LEARNING MODULE
P1- 100 Life and Works of Rizal

Prepared by:

Ms. Cristina G. Manicad, BSA, Llb.

Part‐time Faculty
 College of Arts and Sciences

LESSON 1
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
a. Recognize the law provided for in the study of the life of our National Hero
b. Being able to have a glimpse of the past in the context by Dr. Jose P. Rizal.
c. Convey ideas through oral, audio-visual, and/or web-based presentations for the target
audiences in local and global settings;
d. Recreate in their young minds how a National Hero was born.

Republic Act 1425 or Rizal Law

• was the main proponent of the Rizal Bill.

• Catholic Church claimed that it would violate freedom of conscience and religion.
• Catholic Bishops conference of the Philippines (CBCP) “Such bill is a violation of 1939 Canon
Law which prohibits books that attacks the Catholic Doctrine and practices.

Among the 333 pages of Noli Me Tangere, 25 of the passages are nationalistic while 120 are
anti-Catholic.

•AGAINST: Catholic Action of the Philippines, the Congregation of the Mission, the Knights of
Columbus, and the Catholic Teachers Guild.

•PRO: Veteranos de la Revolucion (Spirit of 1896), Alagad in Rizal, the Freemasons, and the Knights
of Rizal

•Senate Committee on Education sponsored a bill co-written by both José P. Laurel and Recto, with
the only opposition coming from Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Mariano Jesús Cuenco, and Decoroso
Rosales.

Catholic schools threatened to close down if the bill was passed; Recto countered that if that
happened, the schools would be nationalized.

May 12, 1956, a compromise inserted by Committee on Education chairman Laurel that
accommodated the objections of the Catholic Church was approved unanimously.

Importance of Studying RA 1425

1. To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism

2. To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino
character.
3. To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the study of Rizal’s life, works and writings.
 Rizal as an American Sponsored Hero

- It was in 1901 when William Howard Taft proposed Rizal as our National Hero because:
• Rizal was already dead by the time the Americans colonized the Philippines.
• He did not make any negative or embarrassing remarks of anti-American quotations.
• Martyrdom of Dr. Jose Rizal was a symbol of Spanish oppression.
• He urged reform from within by publicity.

Rizal as Pioneer Asian Nationalist Leader

• The worth and dignity of the individual;

• The inviolability of human rights;
• The innate equality of all men and races;
• The necessity for constitutional government;
• Due process of law;
• Popular sovereignty as the basis of all political authority,
• Faith in human reason and enlightenment;
• The rights of the masses to public education; and
Belief in social progress through freedom.

The Biographical Sketch of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

Jose Rizal was born on Wednesday, June 19, 1861 between eleven to twelve midnight in Calamba
Laguna. His birth would have caused his mother’s life had she has not vowed to the Virgin of
Antipolo that would take him on a pilgrimage of the shrine.

He was baptized at a Catholic Church of Calamba when he was 3 days old by Rev. Rufino Collantes
who is a closed family friend and at the same time stood as his godfather. I was noted by Rev.
Collantes that the new baby has a big head and advised the family to take care of this child as he
was destined to become a great person. Which proved to be prophetic and later explicitly confirmed
by subsequent events.

Rizal’s Life: Family, Childhood, Early Education

The Mercado - Rizal Family

• The Rizals are considered as one of the biggest families during their time. Domingo Lam-co,
the family's paternal ascendant was a full-blooded Chinese who came to the Philippines from
Amoy, China in the closing years of the 17th century and married a Chinese half-breed by the
name of Ines de la Rosa.

• Researchers revealed that the Mercado-Rizal family had also traces of Japanese, Spanish,
Malay and Even Negrito blood aside from Chinese.

• Jose Rizal came from a 13-member family consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II
and Teodora Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters and one brother.
👪Rizal Family
Francisco Mercado Teodora Alonso

1. Saturnina 2. Paciano 3. Narcisa

1850-1913
1851-1930

4. Olympia 5. Lucia 6. Maria

7. Jose 8. Concepcion 9. Josefa

10. Trinidad 11. Soledad

SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913)

Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage.

Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.

PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930)

Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child.

Studied at San Jose College in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine
Revolution.
He was a second father to his younger brother Jose and gave him wise counsel. People who knew
him opined that he was the filosopo Tayo in Noli Me Tangere. Immediately after the hero’s
execution, He joined the General Aguinaldo’s revolutionary army where he rose to the rank of Major
General. He returned to Los Baños after the restoration of peace and order and led the life of a
simple farmer and exemplary citizen. In 1930 he died almost unwept, unhonored and unsung and
was buried in Manila.

NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939)

The third child. Married Antonio Lopez at

Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician
OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887)

The fourth child.

Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth.

LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919)

The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa.

MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945)

The sixth child.

Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.

JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896)

The second son and the seventh child.

He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896.

CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865)

The eight child. Died at the age of three.

JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945)

The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster.

TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951)

The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of the family to die.

SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929)

The youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero.

The life of Rizal like other young Filipino boys had a lot of pleasant and beautiful memories to
reckon during his childhood days in Calamba. He grew up in a home environment characterized by
joy and contentment. His birthplace was an ideal place for artists, poets and budding writers. This is
Calamba, a perfect place to nurture a growing child that holds promise that eventually became the
“cradle of a genius”.

Mercado family was living a simple and happy life. Mang Kikoy and Aling Lolay loved their children
wherein they taught their children to give respect and show obedience to their elders and also taught
to address elder sister politely with “Senora” and their brothers with “Senor” (Zaide & Zaide, 2008).
Jose grew up in a two-story house in which the first floor was built of stone.

On the ground floor was his mother’s little store and also have a where rice and sugar were
kept. The family resided on the second floor made out of concrete and wood. Here were the living
room, bedrooms, and kitchen, bathroom and toilet facilities.
The favorite dish of Jose was Carne Asada or beef steak accompanied by a delicious sauce. He also
loved and the children were well fed of a mixture of ordinary and exquisite dishes at the
time. (Sta. Maria, 2012).

The house had a private library which consisted books of more than 1000 volumes. It had a grand
veranda called , from their children used to watch the people passing by the streets below,
and in that very place many stories had been told by either their mother or their They told of
many enchanting tales, fascinating legends and fantastic stories. (Zaide & Zaide, 2008).

The Town that Inspires a Hero

Calamba was located in the midst of a rich agricultural region in Laguna, the Lake province of
Luzon.It enclosed between the vast Laguna de Bay and the enchanted Mt. Makiling. The Dominican
friars virtually owned the town of Calamba and haciendas at the time, where non-Spanish families
were only renting the lands and they were subject to pay taxes, mostly excessive, in money or kind
(Constantino, 2005).
This sytem is known by Jose captured by the striking impression of their town, and
from there he developed his powerful senses dedicated to poetry and visual arts. He revealed his
heart in the poem entitled (In Memory Of my Town).

Jose was designed by nature to be an artist. It was revealed before he was five years of age, where
his parents including his uncles recognized this exceptional talent and give him all the
encouragement. (Zaide & Zaide, 2008).

Uncle Jose Alberto, a fine artist himself, helps him to developed innate gift of arts.

Uncle Gregorio, a tireless reader, often lectured the eager child on the foundations of success and
learns 20 languages in his later life.

Uncle Manuel, a sports and fitness enthusiast, encourage him to frail his body by way of athletic
drills, martial arts and physical exercises.

Rizal’s Early Education

Rizal’s mother was his first teacher. He learned the alphabet and the prayers at the age of 3.
Rizal wrote in his student memoirs, “My mother, taught me how to read and say haltingly the humble
prayers which I raised fervently to God. His mother told him about the Parable of the Moth and
encouraged him to write poems. At the age of eight he wrote his first poem which symbolizes his
love for the national language and encourages his countrymen to do the same.

SA AKING MGA KABATA

Kapagka ang baya’y sadyang umiibig

Sa kanyang salitang kaloob ng langit,
sanlang Kalayaan nasa ring masapit
katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid.

Pagkat ang salita’y isang kahatulan

Sa bayan, sa nayo’t mga kaharian
At ang isang tao’y katulad kabagay
Ng alin mang likha noong Kalayaan

Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita

Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda ,
Kaya ang marapat pagyaamanin kusa
Tulad ng inang tunay na nagpala.

Ang wikang tagalog tulad din sa latin,

Sa ingles, kastila at salitang anghel
Sa pagkat ang Poong maalam tumingin
Ang syang nag-gawad, nag- bigay sa atin.

Ang salita natin tulad din sa iba

Na may alfabeto at sariling letra,
 Na akaya nawala’y dinatnan ng sigwa
Ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una.

His parents employed private, tutors to give him lessons at home. Maestro Celestino and Maestro
Lucas Padua, Leon Monroy. He was sent to a school for boys in the town of Biñan, where his uncle
Jose Alberto was residing. Señor Justiniano Aquino Cruz- strict practitioner of pounding knowledge
not only into the eye and ear, but also the palm.

“I used to win in the competitions, for nobody happened to be better than I. Of these succeses I
made the most. Despite the reputation I had of being a good boy, rare were the days when the
teacher did not call me up to receive five or six blows on the hand… how it hurt!”

Jose went home after a few months. He left Biñan for the Christmas vacation in 1871. His education
was determined to continue in Manila when injustice occurred in his young, happy life.

His mother was thrown to prison. The charge was that she had conspired with her brother, Alberto,
to kill his wife, who had separated from him.

Precedents Event to the Ignatian Life

1. Paciano, Rizal’s brother was studying at Colegio de San Jose under tutelage of Fr. Jose
Burgos
2. Cavite mutiny took place on January 20,1872 led by Sergeant La Madrid.
3. GOMBURZA Execution February 17, 1872
4. The arrest of is mother
5. Rizal took and passed the entrance test in Letran
6. Rizal matriculated in Ateneo on June 10, 1872.
Studies in Biñan 📖
Paciano brought Rizal to Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz. Jose met the bully, Pedro, and challenged
him to a fight. Classmate named Andes Saladanan challenged him to an arm-wrestling match. Jose
spent many hours at Juancho’s studio. He transcended every Biñan boy in Spanish, Latin and other
subjects. His stay in Binan was a remarkable one. He excelled in all his subjects especially in Latin
and Spanish languages and because of this it was not surprising that some of his older classmates
became jealous of him. He stayed in Binan for one and a half year and his teacher wrote a letter to
his parents telling that, Jose has learned everything and he needs to go to college in Manila.

ASSESSMENT TASKS

Please answer the questions provided for in each box. Quiz # 1 . 20 points

Enumerate the children of Francisco

What is the importance of
Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonzo
studying RA 1425
and their timeline
 Described Rizal as An Asian
Nationalist Leader

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

6. 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Quiz # 2

Memorize the poem of Rizal when he was only 8 years old entitled “Sa Aking Mga
Kabata”, and recite in class. 100%

An appreciation plaque will be given to the best interpreter of the poem.

Criteria for judging:

Clarity of the Voice and Diction 75%

Audience Impact 25%

Quiz # 3

In an essay form, describe the childhood memories of Jose Rizal 100%

LESSON 2 RIZAL’ S ACADEMICBACKGROUND

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

 a. Understand the struggles of Rizal during his academic years in the Manila far from his family
and mother.
b. Develop self confidence despite the many challenges he encountered as a Filipino in an
environment being run by the Spaniards.
c. Inculcate to the minds of the students that life is not an easy road and they need to be as
tough as they can be having Rizal as an example.
d. Value hard works and immerse from being a minority to become the best person that he can
be as exemplified in the life of Rizal as a student..

Four months after the execution of the three martyr priest, and Donya Teodora still in prison, Rizal
was being sent off to Manila to further pursue his study under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits,
Ateneo de Manila.

It was formerly called Escuela Pia, a school established for poor boys in 1817. He took he entrance
examination on June 10, 1872, He used the name “Rizal” as his surname instead of Mercado,
boarded in Caraballo street outside of Intramuros with Aling Titay as her landlady.
 Summer of 1873
It was March 1873 when Rizal returned to Calamba to have his summer vacation. His sister Neneg (
Saturnina) brought him to Tanawan to cheer him up. He also visited his mother in prison without the
knowledge of his father. After his vacation he returned to Manila for his second year in college and

boarded inside the Intramuros.

His second year in Ateneo was more fruitful one. He spent most his time reading different
interesting books and magazines such as “The Count of Monte Cristo”, Univeral History and Travels
to the Philippines.
June 1876 was Rizal’s last year in Ateneo, he is truly the “Pride of the Jesuits” having excelled in all
his subjects He graduated BACHELOR OF ARTS with highest honors.
Rizal also has written several poems during his Ateneo days such as Mi Primera Inspiration ( My
First Inspiration), El Heroism de Colon ( The Heroism of Colombus), Colon Y Juan II, Gran Consuelo
en la Mayor Desdicha and Un Diarogo Alusivo a la Despedidade Los Colegiales

Summary of Rizal’s scholastic records

Land Surveying and Assessment- March 14, 1877, with honours and sobresaliente
 Took and passed a licensure exam in 1878 but was not given a license until 1881
In 1878, he enrolled for a degree in Philosophy at University of Santo Tomas
Took medicine and specialized in opthalmology

Rizal’s First Romance

It was the first romance of our national hero and at the same time the first heartbreak at the age of
sixteen. Their love story did not flourish because of Rizal’s shyness and reserve. It was to late for
him to know that Segunda was already engaged to Manuel Luz and later got married.

After his graduation in Ateneo, his father wanted him to pursue higher education believing that great
future that awaited his son whose intelligence was among the best during his time. Despite the
disapproval of his mother Rizal continue to study in University of Sto. Tomas. He took up a
vocational course leading to the title of “peito agrimensor” {expert surveyor}with the grade of
“Excellent” but was not given the title as he was only 17 years old then.

He finally decided to take up medicine with the advice of Fr. Pablo Ramon, the Director of Ateneo de
Manila with the intention and desire to cure Doña Teodora’s failing eyesight.

Rizal’s first encounter of Spanish brutality happens in one summer vacation. It was night time and
he was walking when a guardia civil happens to pass by his side. Without him noticing that those
were Guardia Civil he did not bow his head and greeted them. At a striking distance the civil guards
hit him with stingray tail (buntot pagi) at the back and suffered for two weeks. He cannot accept
such treatment and when consulted by then Captain Primo De Rivera, rizal was even reprimanded
and should be thankful that he is still alive.
He continued his study at UST and later on graduated with high scholastic records. He also have
done several artistic works during his stay in UST.

1. 1879 A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) It was Rizal’s winning masterpiece which
he submitted in the Literary contest held in LIceo Artistico Literario of Manila.
2. El Consejo De Los Dioses (The Council of Gods). Another literary contes by the Liceo to
commemorate the death of of Miguel Cervantes, the author of Don Quixote. Rizal won the
first prize and the priza was a gold ring bearing the engraved bus of Cervantes. But his
certificate was conferred 2nd place upon knowing that the author was a Filipino decide to give
the first prize to a fellow Spanish.

1. Abd-el-Azis Y Mahoma- a poem composed by Rizal for Manuel Fernandez and which
declaimed by the latter on the nigh of December 7, 1879;

2. Junta Al Pasig- A drama played by Ateneans on the occasion of Feast of Immaculate

Concepcion on Decemebr 8, 1880;

3. A Filipinas- a sonnet written in 1880 to praise the beauty of the Philippines and encourage
fellow Filipinos artists to glorify the Philippines through their artworks;

4. Al M.R.P.Pablo Ramon Recto del Ateneo, en Sus Dias A poem he wrote for Fr. Ramon Recto
who has been so kind and helpful to him.

ASSESSMENT TASKS

Criteria for grading

Content and wordings 50%

Rhyming and phrasing 50%

An Award for best poem will be given in recognition for the best original composition.

Quiz No. 5 Objective type of Quiz (10points)

_________________1. He was considered as the best professor of Rizal in Ateneo.

_________________ 2. He prophesied that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and America will
succeed her as a colonizer.

_________________ 3. He was considered the brilliant Atenean of his time and pride of the Jesuits.

_________________ 4. The teacher of Rizal in Bina who was a disciplinarian and also the teacher of
Paciano.

_________________ 5. The first prize winning poem of Rizal while at UST which he pleaded to the youth
to rise from their complacency and use their talents and skills.

_________________ 6. The book written by Fr. Feodor Jagor consisting of his keen observation of the
defeat of Spanish Colonization in the Philippines.

_________________ 7. The novel read by Rizal that his imagination was stirred by the hero’s suffering
and his revenge on his enemies.

_________________ 8. The school registrar of Ateneo who refused to admit Rizal because was sickly
and undersized his age.

_________________ 9. The poem written by Rizal which stressed that education instills in the youth
noble ideas and sublime virtues toward the development and progress of nation.

_________________ 10. The school in Manila where Rizal first took the college entrance examination.

Quiz No. 6

1. Name at least three (3) of the qualities of Rizal as a student which you can also put to
practice while you are here in our institution.
2. Enumerate and explain at least 3 important achievement of Rizal as a Tomasian.

■ Rizal’s Life: Higher Education and Life

LESSON 3 Abroad

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

a. Discuss how Rizal’s journey started when he pursued his higher education abroad;
b. Re-imagine how a Filipino during his time was able to travel and experience the privilege
of learning other countries’ culture and tradition
c. Develop a love for poetry as displayed on the many travels of our hero in the European
countries;
d. Learn his devotion to our motherland and the love for patriotism and nationalism.

Rizal’s Secret Mission

Rizal concieved the secret mission, with the blessing of his brother Paciano was to do the following:
“Observe keenly the life and culture, languages and commerce and government and laws of the
European Nations in order to prepare himself for the task of liberating his people from Spanish
Tyranny”

Jose Mercado- Rizal used this name; a cousin from Biñan. May 3, 1882- Rizal departed on board the
Spanish streamer Salvador bound for Singapore. Donato Lecha- the ship captain from Asturias,
Spain. Rizal described him as an affable man, “much more refined than his other countrymen and
collegues that I have met.”

May 9, 1882- the Salvadora docked at Singapore. Hotel de la paz- Rizal registered here and spent
two days on a sightseeing soiree of the city, which was a colony of England. In Singapore, Rizal
transferred to another ship Djemnah, a French streamer , which left Singapore for Europe on May
11,1882. May 17, 1882- Djemnah reached Point Galle, a seacoast town in southern Ceylon (now Sri
Lanka). Colombo- capital of Cyelon “Colombo is more beautiful, smart, and elegant than Singapore,
Point Galle and Manila.” Aden- city hotter then Manila; Rizal was amused to see the camels, for the
first time. City of Suez- the Red Sea terminal of the Suez Canal Suez Canal- canal which built by
Ferdinand de Lesseps (French diplomat-engineer) which was inaugurated on November 17, 1869.
Port Said- the Mediterranean terminal of the SuezCanal.

NAPLES AND MARSEILLES

June 11, 1882- Rizal reached Naples. Rizal was pleased on this Italian City because of its business
activity, its lively people and its panoramic beauty. Night of June 12, 1882- the streamer docked at
the French harbor of Marseilles. Rizal visited the famous Chateau d’lf, where Dantes, hero of the
count of Monte Cristo was imprisoned

SPAIN

June 16, 1882- Rizal finally reached his destination- Barelona.. August 20, 1882, His article “Amor
Patrio” was published in the Diarong Tagalog. “Amor Patrio” was the first article he wrote abroad.
Rizal enrolled at the Universidad Central De Madrid. He took the following subjects: Medical Clinic,
Surgical Clinic, legal medicine, and obstetrical clinic.
He also studied painting and sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts of San. Fernando and took
lessons in French, German and English under private teachers. March 1883, Rizal joined the Masonic
Lodge called Acacia in Madrid. He became a mason so that he could secure Freemasonry's aid in
his aim to fight against the friars in the Philippines.

RIZAL IN PARIS, FRANCE

He was awarded the Diploma as a Master Mason by Le Grand Orient de France in France.
On June 18, 1883, with Felipe Zamora and Cunanan, He visited the Laennec Hospital to observe how
Dr. Nicaise treated his patients. June 20, 1883, he visited the Lariboisiere hospital where Felix Pardo
de Tavera was an extern.

RIZAL IN MADRID

On September 28, 1883, Rizal enrolled at the Central Universidad de Madrid of the second course in
medicine.
He came to know of the imprisonment, by order of Sr. Vicente Barrantes, of the 14 wealthy innocent
persons in Manila. The prisoners who knew nothing of the cause of their detention and who became
sick later for they were kept in a humid person cell. June 25, 1884, Rizal won first prize in Greek
contest, after which he delivered a speech in honor of the two Filipino painters, Juan Luna and Felix
Ressurrecion Hidalgo.

RIZAL IN BERLIN, GERMANY

Rizal wrote the poem “A Las Flores de Heidelberg”. In a letter of his Austrian friend, he says it was
the first impartial and daring book to be written on the life of tagalogs.

POSTDAM – 1. Companion: Dr. Maximo Viola

2. May 11, 1887: Spring Season
3. Rizal’s luggage include letters from his family and friends.

DRESDAN
1. Regional Floral Exposition
2. Visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer (Museum of Art)
3. Met Dr. Jagor who advised them to wire Blumentritt

LEIMERITZ, BOHEMIA

1. Arrived on May 13, 1887 (1:30 PM)

2. Meeting with Blumentritt – kind-hearted, old Austrian professor who helped Rizal and Viola
during their stay in Leimeritz, greeted each other in fluent German. They stayed from May 13
to May 16.

3. Enjoyed the hospitality of Blumentritt’s family: Rosa (Wife), Children (Dora, Conrad, and
Fritz)
4. He painted a portrait of Blumentritt and gave it to him.
5. Met a renowned scientist named Dr. Carlos Czelopak
6. May 16 (9:45 A.M) they left leimeritz by train.

PRAGUE

1. Carried letters recommendation from Dr. Willkomm

2. Visited the tomb of Copernicus, Museum of Natural History and the famous cave of San Juan
Nepomuceno

VIENNA

Rizal was fascinated by it’s buildings, religious images, haunting waltzes, and majestic charm

GENEVA

• 1. June 19, 1887: Rizal treated Viola to a blowout on his 26th birthday.
2. June 23, Viola and Rizal parted ways.
ITALY
• 1. He want to Turin, Milan Venice, and Florence
2. June 27, 1887: Rome
3. June 29- Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul
 First Homecoming

• Rizal arrived in Manila on August 5, 1887.

• On August 18, 1887, in a letter, Archbishop p. Payo advised Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of
the University of Sto. Thomas that a piece of information about the novel Noli Me Tangere
was issued by a commission composed of university professors Fr. Matias Gomez, Fr.
Norberto del Prado and Fr. Evaristo Fernandez Arias.

• Rizal made a pencil drawing of a sailboat sailing on Laguna de Bay, which he saw with Jose
Taviel de Andrade, Lietenant of the Civil Guards assigned by the Governor-General Terrero to
protect him during an excursion to Los banos.
• The permanent board of Censure headed by Fr. Salvador font issued a judgment prohibiting
the circulation of the Noli Me Tangere in the Philippines. Upon the recommendation of the
Governor General, Father Font said:
“... Aside from attacking to directly, as you have seen your Excellency, the Religion of the
State, institutions and respectable persons for their official character, the book is replete of
foreign teachings and doctrines: and the general synthesis of the same is to inspire among
the loyal and submissive sons of Spain in these distant islands, profound, and furious hate to
the mother country...”

ASSESSMENT TASK

a. Explain the reason behind the decision of Rizal to go to Spain.

b. How did the Spanish government accepted the very first Novel of Rizal?
c. Give your insights on the message of his poem “They ask me for verses”?

■ NOLI ME TANGERE
LESSON 4 The novel

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

a. Let the students go back in time through their imagination on how Rizal has pictured the lives
of the Filipinos under abusive Spanish Officials.
b. Realize the importance of independence and the power of writing.
c. Learn the different portrayal of the powerful character of the novel.
d. Appreciates the value of patriotism and nationalism.
 Noli Me Tangere was Rizal’s first novel.
He was 26 at its publication.
This book was historically significant
and was instrumental in establishing
the Filipinos sense of national Identity.
The book indirectly influenced a
revolution although the author actually
advocated for direct representation to
the Spanish government and larger
role of the Philippines inside the
Spanish political affairs. It was written
in Spanish.

The novel became controversial after

few days of Rizal arrival. He was
summoned by then Governor- General
Emilio Terrero summoned him to
Malacañang Palace and told him of
the charges saying that the novel was
full of subversive ideas.

Noli Me
Tangere

• It is the first
novel written by
 Filipino patriot and national hero Dr. Jose Rizal in 1887
and published in Germany.

• “Touch Me Not” in English

• It consist of 63 chapters and an epilogue

Rizal dedicated his Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines – “To My Motherland.” His dedication run as
follows: Recorded in the history of human sufferings is a cancer so malignant a character that the
least touch irritates it and awakens in it the sharpest pains. Thus, how many times, when in the
midst of modern civilizations I have wished to call thee before me, now to accompany me in
memories, now to compare thee with other countries, hath thy dear image presented itself showing
a social cancer like to that other!

• The title of Noli Me Tangere is not Spanish, nor Tagalog, but Latin. Rizal, in his letter to his
friend and Czech scientist Ferdinand Blumentritt, admitted that he obtained the title from the
Bible.
• Rizal took the passage in John 20:17 where Jesus said to Mary Magdalene "don't touch Me!"
when she recognizes him after his resurrection. The passage, when translated in Latin, is
equivalent to Noli Me Tangere.
• At the time when the novel is ready for printing, he ran out of fund. He contacted his friend,
Maximo Viola, who agreed to lend him money for publishing.
• According to accounts, Rizal is about to throw Noli manuscripts to the fireplace when he
received Viola's telegram agreeing for lending him.
• Viola gave him an amount equal to three hundred pesos as preliminary payment for the first 2,
000 copies of Noli.
• In 1887, the first edition of Noli was published in Berlin, Germany.
• To express his gratitude, he gave the original manuscript plus the plume he used to Viola.
• Rizal also signed the first print and gave it to Viola with dedication.
 Sypnosis
Juan Crisostomo Ibarra is a young Filipino who, after studying for seven years in Europe, returns to his native land
to find that his father, a wealthy landowner, has died in prison as the result of a quarrel with the parish curate, a
Franciscan friar named Padre Damaso. Ibarra is engaged to a beautiful and accomplished girl, Maria Clara, the
supposed daughter and only child of the rich Don Santiago de los Santos, commonly known as “Capitan Tiago.”

Ibarra resolves to forego all quarrels and to work for the betterment of his people. To show his good
intentions, he seeks to establish, at his own expense, a public school in his native town. He meets
with ostensible support from all, especially Padre Damaso’s successor, a young and gloomy
Franciscan named Padre Salvi, for whom Maria Clara confesses to an instinctive dread.

Ibarra is excommunicated, and Capitan Tiago, through his fear of the friars, is forced to break the
engagement and agree to the marriage of Maria Clara with a young and inoffensive Spaniard
provided by Padre Damaso. Obedient to her reputed father’s command and influenced by her
mysterious dread of Padre Salvi, Maria Clara consents to this arrangement, but becomes seriously ill,
only to be saved by medicines sent secretly by Ibarra and clandestinely administered by a girl friend.

Ibarra succeeds in having the excommunication removed, but before he can explain matters, an
uprising against the Civil Guard is secretly brought about through agents of Padre Salvi, and the
leadership is ascribed to Ibarra to ruin him. He is warned by a mysterious friend, an outlaw called
Elias, whose life he had accidentally saved; but desiring first to see Maria Clara, he refuses to make
his escape, and when the outbreak page occurs, he is arrested as the instigator of it and thrown into
prison in Manila.

On the evening when Capitan Tiago gives a ball in his Manila house to celebrate his supposed
daughter’s engagement, Ibarra makes his escape from prison and succeeds in seeing Maria Clara
alone. He begins to reproach her because it is a letter written to her before he went to Europe which
forms the basis of the charge against him, but she clears herself of treachery to him. The letter had
been secured from her by false representations and in exchange for two others written by her
mother just before her birth, which prove that Padre Damaso is her real father.

These letters had been accidentally discovered in the convento by Padre Salvi, who made use of
them to intimidate the girl and get possession of Ibarra’s letter, from which he forged others to
incriminate the young man. She tells him that she will marry the young Spaniard, sacrificing herself
thus to save her mother’s name and Capitan Tiago’s honor and to prevent a public scandal, but that
she will always remain true to him.

Ibarra’s escape had been effected by Elias, who conveys him in a banka up the Pasig to the Lake,
where they are so closely beset by the Civil Guard that Elias leaps into the water and draws the
pursuers away from the boat, in which Ibarra lies concealed.

On Christmas Eve, at the tomb of the Ibarras in a gloomy wood, Elias appears, wounded and dying,
to find there a boy named Basilio beside the corpse of his mother, a poor woman who had been
driven to insanity by her husband’s neglect and abuses on the part of the Civil Guard, her younger
son having page disappeared some time before in the convento, where he was a sacristan. Basilio,
who is ignorant of Elias’s identity, helps him to build a funeral pyre, on which his corpse and the
madwoman’s are to be burned

Upon learning of the reported death of Ibarra in the chase on the Lake, Maria Clara becomes
disconsolate and begs her supposed godfather, Fray Damaso, to put her in a nunnery. Unconscious
of her knowledge of their true relationship, the friar breaks down and confesses that all the trouble
he has stirred up with the Ibarras has been to prevent her from marrying a native, which would
condemn her and her children to the oppressed and enslaved class. He finally yields to her
entreaties and she enters the nunnery of St. Clara, to which Padre Salvi is soon assigned in a
ministerial capacity.

As per Rizal’s letter to Blumentritt:

“ My book made a lot of noise ; everywhere, I am asked about it. They wanted to excommunicate me
because of it… I am considered a German Spy, an agent of Bismack, they say I am a Protestant, a
freemason, a sorcerer, a damned soul and evil. It is whispered that I want to draw plans, that I have a
foreign passport and I wandered to the streets by night.

ASSESSMENT TASK
 LESSON 5 ■ JOSE RIZAL RETURN TO EUROPE
■ El Filibusterismo

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

a. Discuss why Rizal decided to go back to Europe and later on wrote his second novel.
b. Understand the true meaning of love of one’s country as displayed by the courageous
writings of Rizal.
c. Appreciate the many sacrifices of Rizal to be able to help his countrymen overcoming the
tyranny of the Spanish.
 Rizal’s Second Trip Abroad

• On February 3, 1888, he arrived in Hong Kong. He was welcomed by Filipino residents,

including Jose Basa, Balbino Mauricio and Manuel Yriarte.

Yokohama, Japan

• He was visited by Juan Perez Caballero who invited Rizal to live at the Spanish Legation. Rizal
Accepted it for two reasons:
- He could economize his living expenses
- He had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities.

United States of America

• He went to San, Francisco riding the steamer “Blige”

• He witnessed discrimination of Chinese and Japanese by the American.

London, England

• Rizal chose London to improve in his english language.

• He received a good news and bad news from his home town as such:
1. Persecution of Filipinos who signed the Anti-Friar petition was rampant;
2. Persecution of the Calamba tenants including Rizal’s family and relatives;
3. Furious attacks on Rizal by Spanish mentors
4. Rizal’s brother in-law exiled to bohol;
5. A friend of Rizal was arrested and jailed in Bilibid prison for keeping a copy of Noli.

• On February 15, 1889: Graciano Lopez Jaena founded La Solidaridad in Barcelona.

• Rizal’s first article in the La Solidaridad entitled Los Agricultores Filipinos was published.
• Jose wrote the Tagalog version of “The women of Malolos” This letter was about a filipino
woman and her rights. Rizal finished four sculptural works:
1. Prometheus bound;
2. The triumph of death over life;
3. The triumph of science over death;
4. A carving of the heads of the Beckett sisters.

Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal Exposition

• He lived with two other Filipinos, Captain Justo Trinidad, and Jose Albert.
• Rizal formed Kidlat Club was then replaced by Indios Bravos.
• Another secret society that Rizal formed was the R.D.L.M Paris 1890: annotated edition of
Morga’s Sucesos was published Rizal wrote the “Philippines within a Colony” and the essay
“Indolence of the Filipinos”

Brussels, Belgium

• He wrote articles for La Solidaridad which were:

1. “A La Defensa” (To La Defensa) – April 9, 1889
2. “La Verdad Para Todos” (The truth for All) – May 31, 1889
3. “Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo” – June 15, 1889
4. “Una Profanacion” (A Profanation) – July 31, 1889
 5. “Verdades Nuevas” (New Truths) – August 15, 1889
6. “Crueldad” (Differences) – July 31, 1889
7. “Differencias” (Differences) – Sept 15, 1889
8. “Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences) –Nov. 30, 1889
9. “Lllanto y Risas” (Tears and laughter) – Nov. 30, 1889
10. “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude) – January 15, 1890

Rizal Arrived in Madrid

• Retana – A talented spanish scholar and Rizal’s bitter enemy of the pen, to a duel.
• August 19, 1890: Death of Jose Ma. Panganiban – A friend of Rizal who died because of a
lingering illness.
 “I still remember the
panic that this word created. Our father forbade us to utter it, as well as the words Cavite, Burgos,
etc. The Manila newspapers and the Spaniards apply this word to one whom they want to make a
revolutionary suspect.”
“The Filipinos belonging to the educated class fear the reach of the word. It does not have the
meaning of freeboosters; it rather means a dangerous patriot who will soon be hanged or well, a
presumptuous man.”

Rizal took 3 years to write his second novel. Hel began writing El Filibusterismo in October 1887 while he was in
Calamba. In London (1888), he revised the plot and some chapters. Rizal continued to work on his manuscript in
Paris.
He later moved to Brussels where the cost of living was cheaper and he would be less likely to be distracted by
social events so he could focus on finishing the book

He finally completed the book on March 29, 1891 in Biarritz. September 18, 1891- the novel was
published in Ghent, partially funded by Rizal’s friend Valentin Ventura. Rizal immediately sent on this
date two printed copies to Hongkong – one for Basa and other for Sixto Lopez. Rizal gratefully
donated the original manuscript and an autographed printed copy to Valentin Ventura.
He finally completed the book on March 29, 1891 in Biarritz. September 18, 1891- the novel was
published in Ghent, partially funded by Rizal’s friend Valentin Ventura. Rizal immediately sent on this
date two printed copies to Hongkong – one for Basa and other for Sixto Lopez. Rizal gratefully
donated the original manuscript and an autographed printed copy to Valentin Ventura.

Simoun
Crisóstomo Ibarra in disguise, presumed dead at the end of Noli me tangere. Ibarra has returned as
the wealthy jeweler Simoun. His appearance is described as being tanned, having a sparse beard,
long white hair, and large blue-tinted glasses. In manners he was crude and confrontational. He was
derisively described by Custodio and Ben Zayb as an American mulatto or a British Indian. While
presenting as the arrogant elitist on the outside, he secretly plans a violent revolution in order to
avenge himself for his misfortunes as Crisóstomo Ibarra, as well as hasten Elias' reformist goals.

Basilio

Son of Sisa and another character from Noli me tangere. In the events of the El fili, he is an aspiring
and so far successful physician on his last year at University and was waiting for his license to be
released upon his graduation. After his mother's death in the Noli, he applied as a servant in Captain
Tiago's household in exchange for food, lodging, and being allowed to study. Eventually he took up
medicine, and with Tiago having retired from society, he also became the manager of Tiago's vast
estate. He is a quiet, contemplative man who is more aware of his immediate duties as a servant,
doctor, and member of the student association than he is of politics or patriotic endeavors. His
sweetheart is Juli, the daughter of Kabesang Tales whose family took him in when he was a young
boy fleeing the Guardia Civil and his deranged mother.

Isagani

Basilio's friend. He is described as a poet, taller and more robust than Basilio although younger. He
is the nephew of Padre Florentino, but is also rumored to be Florentino's son with his old sweetheart
before he was ordained as a priest. During the events of the novel, Isagani is finishing his studies at
the Ateneo Municipal and is planning to take medicine. A member of the student association,
Isagani is proud and naive, and tends to put himself on the spot when his ideals are affronted. His
unrestrained idealism and poeticism clash with the more practical and mundane concerns of his
girlfriend, Paulita Gomez. When Isagani allows himself to be arrested after their association is
outlawed, Paulita leaves him for Juanito Peláez. In his final mention in the novel, he was bidding
goodbye to his landlords, the Orenda family, to stay with Florentino permanently.

Macaraig

The Leader. He is described as wealthy, with his own coach, driver, and set of horses. He is said to
own several houses, and that he is lending one to serve as the schoolhouse for their planned
Spanish language academy. After the outlawing of the group, he was the first to post bail. He then
left the country after his release.

Kabesang Tales
Telesforo Juan de Dios, a former kabesa of Barrio Sagpang in Tiani. He was a sugarcane planter
who cleared lands he thought belonged to no one, losing his wife and eldest daughter in the
endeavor. When the Dominicans took over his farm, he fought to his last money to have it retained in
his possession. While his suit against the Dominicans was ongoing, he was kidnapped by bandits
while he was out patrolling his fields. Having no money to pay his captors, his daughter Juli was
forced to become a maid in exchange for her mistress paying his ransom. When his son Tano was
conscripted into the Guardia Civil, again Tales had no money to pay for Tano's exclusion from the
draft. When in spite of all Tales lost the case, he not only lost his farm but was also dealt with a
heavy fine. He later joined the bandits and became one of their fiercest commanders. Tandang Selo,
his father, would later on join his band after the death of Juli.
Father Florentino

Isagani's uncle, a retired priest. Florentino was the son of a wealthy and influential Manila family. He
entered the priesthood at the insistence of his mother. As a resul, he had to break an affair with a
woman he loved, and in despair devoted himself instead to his parish. When the 1872 Cavite mutiny
broke out, he promptly resigned from the priesthood, fearful of drawing unwanted attention. He was
an Indio and a secular, or a priest that was unaffiliated with the orders, and yet his parish drew in a
huge income. He retired to his family's large estate along the shores of the Pacific. He is described
as white-haired, with a quiet, serene personality and a strong build. He did not smoke or drink. He
was well respected by his peers, even by the Spanish friars and officials.

Don Custodio
Custodio de Salazar y Sánchez de Monteredondo, a famous "contractor" who was tasked by the
Captain-General to develop the students association's proposal for an academy for the teaching of
Spanish, but was then also under pressure from the priests not to compromise their prerogatives as
monopolizers of instruction. Some of the novel's most scathing criticism is reserved for Custodio,
who is portrayed as an opportunist who married his way into high society, who regularly criticized
favored ideas that did not come from him, but was ultimately, laughably incompetent in spite of his
scruples

Paulita Gómez
The girlfriend of Isagani and the niece of Doña Victorina, the old Indio who passes herself off as a
Peninsular, who is the wife of the quack doctor Tiburcio de Espadaña. In the end, she and Isagani
part ways, Paulita believing she will have no future if she marries him. She eventually marries
Juanito Peláez

Juli

Juliana de Dios, the girlfriend of Basilio, and the youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales. When Tales
was captured by bandits, Juli petitioned Hermana Penchang to pay for his ransom. In exchange, she
had to work as Penchang's maid. Basilio ransomed her and bought a house for her family. When
Basilio was sent to prison, Juli approached Tiani's curate, Padre Camorra, for help. When Camorra
tried to rape her instead, Juli jumped to her death from the church's tower.

Father Írene

Capitan Tiago's spiritual adviser. Along with Custodio, Írene is severely criticized as a representative
of priests who allied themselves with temporal authority for the sake of power and monetary gain.
Known to many as the final authority who Don Custodio consults, the student association sought his
support and gifted him with two chestnut-colored horses, yet he betrayed the students by counseling
Custodio into making them fee collectors in their own school, which was then to be administered by
the Dominicans instead of being a secular and privately managed institution as the students
envisioned. Írene secretly but regularly supplies Capitan Tiago with opium while exhorting Basilio to
do his duty. Írene embellished stories of panic following the outlawing of the student association
Basilio was part of, hastening Captain Tiago's death. With Basilio in prison, he then struck Basilio out
of Tiago's last will and testament, ensuring he inherited nothing.

Father Camorra

the parish priest of Tiani. Ben-Zayb's regular foil, he is said to look like an artilleryman in
counterpoint to Ben-Zayb's friar looks. He stops at nothing to mock and humiliate Ben-Zayb's liberal
pretensions. In his own parish, Camorra has a reputation for unrestrained lustfulness. He drives Juli
into suicide after attempting to rape her inside the convent. For his misbehavior he was "detained" in
a luxurious riverside villa just outside Manila.

Quiroga

A Chinese businessman who aspired to be a consul for China in the Philippines. Simoun coerced
Quiroga into hiding weapons inside the latter's warehouses in preparation for the revolution.

Sypnosis

The book narrates thereturn of theprotagonistof Noli Me Tangere, CrisostomoIbarra,under the

disguise of a wealthy jewellernamed Simoun. Dillusioned by theabuses of theSpanish, Ibarraabandons
his pacifist beliefs in order toreturn tothePhilippines and starta violent revolution.
Noli Me Tangere’ sBasilio,nowa young man and a skilled medical student,is recruited by Ibarra to aid
himin detoning a bomb ata socialgathering,signaling the beginning of therevolution.
However,Basilio warns his friend Isagani. Realizing that the woman heloves is in the building, Isagani
throwsthebomb intotheriver,averting the explosion and the revolution.

Implicated inthese matters,Simoun commits suicideby taking poison and findsresting placeat the
homeof a priest,Father Florentino,whohears hislast confession and assures him that not allhopeis lost.
Thepriest(Father Florentino),upon Simoun’ s death,commends thejewels into the sea,remarking that
thejewels onceused to bribeand corrupt people,would oneday behopefully found tobe used for a
meaningful purpose.
ASSESSMENT TASKS
 6
LESSON ■ Rizal's Life: Exile, Trial, and Death
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):.

a. Evaluate critically on how the writings of Rizal resulted in his mischief fate at Bagumbayan
thus giving us Filipinos the freedom we are all enjoying at this very moment;
b. Adopt to oneself the value of fighting for one’s principle that will benefit most;
c. Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of love of country and countrymen
d. Analyze that it is not necessary to take arms in order to show love for freedom, but a noble
belief that there could be change in all aspects of life.

Exile in Dapitan

July 17, 1892 – Rizal left Manila sailing through the Islands of Mindoro and Panay. He reached
Dapitan – a remote town in Mindanao which was under the missionary jurisdiction of the Jesuits.
July 31, 1896 – Dapitan became the solitary witness. His stay in the town was more than a life in
exile, and lived in the residence of Capt. Carnicero

Because he did not agree with the conditions of Fr. Pablo Pastells – a superior of Jesuit Priests.

The ff. are the conditions:

1. Rizal must retract his errors concerning religion

2. Rizal must perform the church rites and make confession of his past life
3. Rizal must present himself in an exemplary manner as a spanish subject and a man of religion

The commandant came to realize that Rizal was like any other culprit, Gov. Gen. Despujol gave Rizal
complete freedom to roam anywhere in Dapitan in return he wrote a poem entitled “ A DON RICARDO
CARCINERO on Aug. 26, 1892

Rizal had a scholarly debate with Fr. Pastells ragarding religion which revealed a anticlerical Rizal.
They both have religious differences and remained good friends. Fr. Pastells gave Rizal a famous
Catholic book by Fr. Thomas “IMITACION DE CRISTO”

The Awakening of Dapitan

In July 1892, Rizal reached Dapitan as a prisoner, he found it as sleepy little town, but soon became
awake
His stay improved his artisitic and literacy skills, doing agricultural and civic projects engaging in
business activities, his careers and achievements in different fields.

1. Architectural and Engineering Works

2. The Doctor is “In”
3. Rivaling the Best in Europe
4. From Lot to Lot; Farmer to Trader
5. Once a Poet, Always a Poet
6. A Polyglot
7. Inventions and Scientific Works
8. Tree of Knowledge
9. The “Sweet Foreigner”
10. A Talk in the Garden
11. “Nails in the Coffin”
12. The Trap is Laid
Archtiectural and Engineering works

When Rizal obtained the title Perito agrimensor from ateneo municipal, he already had practical
knowledge in surveying. He widened his knowledge by reading engineering books. He successfully
provided a sound water system in the province by directing it and following the contour of a valley
and crossing several gullies with bamboo tubes “ I want to do all I can for this town” a letter for Fr.
Pastells

The Doctor is “IN”

Rizal provided free medicine to his patients and most are underprivileged. He had wealthy patients
like Don Ignacio who paid him 300 for restoring his sight, an Englishman who gave him 500 and
Aklanon haciendero Don Francisco Azcorraga who paid him a cargo od sugar. August 1893 – his
skill was put to test when Doña Teodora ignored her son’s instructions and removed the bandages
causing infections.

Rivaling the best in Europe

Together with his friend Fr. Francisco Sanchez he helped remake the plaza which he jokingly said
“must rival the best in europe”. They helped the citizens place lampposts at every corner for Dapitan’
s first lighting system. Commandant Carcinero sent for the new plaza twenty-four iron benches and
twenty-six hundred meters of wire.

From Lot to Lot; Farmer to Trader

Rizal devoted time in planting important crops and fruit bearing trees in his 16 hectare land. He
bought the land along the bay a few hundred meters east of the town of Dapitan and built himself a
small little house. He imported agricultural machinery and introduced native farmers of Dapitan the
modern agricultural methods. Rizal also visualized having an agricultural colony in Sitio Ponot within
Sindangan Bay

The adventurous Rizal with his partner, Ramon Carreon, tried his luck in the fishing, hemp and copra
industries He requested the two good fishermen be sent to Dapitan. To teach the fisher folks new
fishing methods using the big net called Pukutan.

Once a Poet, Always a poet

It will be recalled that when Rizal left Hong Kong for Manila in 1892, only his sister Lucia had gone
with him. The rest of his family remained at Hong Kong. August 26, 1893 – Trinidad and Doña
Teodora left Hongkong and proceeded to where Rizal was. Rizal wrote another poem in response to
a request from his mother , who had all his life inspired his poetry, Oct. 22 1895 – he sent the poem “
Mi Ritero”

A Polyglot

Rizal studied and made comparisons in the Bisayan and Malayan languages, existing in the region.
Rizal knew 22 languages. Tagalog, Ilocano, Bisayan, Subanun, Spanish, Latin, Greek, English, French,
German, Arabic, Malayan, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese,
Swedish and Russian.

Inventions & Scientific Works

Sulpukan- a particular type of lighter he invented during his medical practice in Calamba. Sent to
Blumentritt as a gift . Its mechanism is based on principle of compressed air. Wooden brick maker-
6000 bricks a day. They explored jungles and searched for specimens, which are sent to museums
in Europe, ex. Dresden Museum.

Researches and studies in fields of ethnography, archaeology, geology, anthropology, and

geography

Three species Rizal discovered:

• Draco rizali, a flying dragon

• Apogonia rizali, a small beetle
• Rhacophorus rizali, a rare frog

Tree of knowledge

Talisay, near Dapitan, he established a school with his farm and hospital, Sixteen boys attended
class. And instead for charging them, he made them do community projects. Reading, writing in
English, Spanish, geography, history, mathematics, technical work, nature study, morals, gymnastics
and sports.

No formal room, conducted from 2:00 to 4:00 pm, hammock, long bamboo bench under Talisay tree

Himno a Talisay- honor for talisay, his student sing

The Sweet Foreigner

• Josephine Bracken- slender, blond, blue eyes, well-dressed and light countenance.

• From Hongkong to Dapitan in February 1895 with his foster father , George Taufer and
Manuela Orlac , mistress of someone in Manila Cathedral.

• Julio Llorente – Rizal’s friend who recommended him to his group.

He tried to bridge this gap between his relatives and Miss B. March 14 1895 – as letter to Dona
Teodora,” Please treat Josephine as a person whom I esteem and much appreciated, and I would
not like to see exposed and abandoned.” Decided to marry each other Returned to Dapitan to marry
but Fr. Pedro refused. Bracken, she gave birth to a premature baby boy who lived only for three hours.
Named Francisco

A Talk in the Garden

• Andres Bonifacio seek advice from Rizal

• May 2, 1896 - at Bitukang Manok River in Pasig, a secret meeting happened with Pio
Valenzuela as representative of the group to be sent to Dapitan. He used the name Procorpio
Bonifacio.

• Aboard steamship Venus, he arrived at bay in June 21, 1896., Together with him is Josephine
Bracken, Narcissa and Angelica Lopez.

• Valenzuela together with Raymundo Mata, and Rufino Magnos.

• He told him of their plans but Rizal objected for two reasons:

• Filipinos were still unprepared for a bloody revolution

• The Katipunan lacked machinery

• Rizal also advised to attract all wealthy and influential persons of Manila with the help of
Antonio Luna. Valenzuela on the other hand told their plan to save Rizal but he disagreed
because of his word of honor.

“Nails in the Coffin”

• Rizal offered his services as military doctor to the Cuban revolution informed by Ferdinand
Blumentritt, saying yellow fever spread out.

• Dec. 17, 1895- Rizal sent letter to Governor General Ramon Blanco, about rendering service to
Cuba but not until July 30, 1896, when he received a letter dated July 1, 1896.

• Rizal’s life can be compared to the young moth allured by the flame of the oil lamp. His
burning desire to help and leave for Cuba would not mean triumph for the enemies’ doubt but
actually nails to his coffin.
 The Trap is laid

• July 31, 1896 - Rizal’s four-year exile suddenly ended. He left onboard the steamer ship
España together with Josephine, Narcissa, Angelica, three nephews, and six students.

• August 6, 1896 – arrived at Manila, he was supposedly boarded at the Isla de Luzon to Spain,
but it left ahead of time. Instead, he was transferred to the Spanish cruiser Castilla.

• End of August 1896 – Bonifacio and the Katipuneros stipulated the revolution. Rizal learned
about it and in effect-
• He was prohibited from leaving the vicinity but were allowed to have visitors. He fell to the
deadly Spanish trap.

“El Ultimo Viaje”

• August 30, 1896 – eight provinces of Luzon were put under martial law by Gov. General
Blanco.

• Days later he was transferred to Isla de Panay and met Capt. Alemany. And was givenm the
best.
cabin. He wrote a letter for his mother “everything is in the hands of the Divine Providence”.

• He was given a new cabin, No. 22, and the boat anchored near Manila.

A “Dangerous Fipino”

• Gov. General Blanco and the Ministers of War and the colonies stated him as “Dangerous
Filipino”,

• He learned the lies and became object of malicious talks and informed;

• San Roque was being bombarded and 600 Filipinos were ordered shot.

• The Capt. informed him that he was implicated with the revolution and realized he was being
duped by the Spanish officials.

• Oct. 3, 1896 – arrived in Barcelona and Rizal as prisoner. His warden was the Military
Commander of Barcelona, General Eulogio Despujol.

• Imprisoned in Montjuich Castle after three days then onboard Colon and left for Manila. He
was put behind bars before reaching port.

• Confiscated Diary, handcuffed

Last Attempt to Save a Hero

Antonio Maria Regidor and Mr. Fort England two telegrams; tried to aid Rizal, three times. As the
English woman who interviewed the Queen Regent. And Ambeth Ocampo's words, “a kangaroo
court that sentenced him to death”

“Thrilla in Manila”

November 3, 1896, reached Manila. Rizal was transferred under heavy guard from the ship to
Fort Santiago. The rest of Manila had been frightened by the insurrection and in their fear.
Executions were made public to dishearten patriotism. Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja, an
ardent terrorist, superseded the only man, Blanco, who had dared to remain calm.

“Fishing” Evidence

After fishing for as much evidence as possible (some of which were planted and fabricated), on
November 20, 1896, the preliminary investigation on Rizal began. Durng the five-day investigation,
Rizal was informed of the charges against him before Judge Advocate Colonel Francisco Olive.
Rizal was put under interrogation without t benefit of knowing who testified against him. Presented
before him were to kinds of evidence - documentary and testimonial.

The documents 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, and 14 are omitted from the list because they were harmless. The
testimony of the ten seemed to be as weak as the documents. Pio Valenzuela had a
chance to witness and so gain revenge on Rizal. Two of the witnesses said Rizal was Honorary
President of the Katipunan. Several witnesses said they “believed” the La Liga Filipina planned
separation from the islands. One witness said that Rizal's sister had gone to charter a boat and to
help Rizal escape from Dapitan.

On December 11, 1896, the information of charges formally read to Rizal in his prison cell in Fort
Santiago. He was accused of being “the principal organizer of the Philippine Revolution; and founder
of societies, periodicals, and boks dedicated to propagating ideas of rebellion. On December 15,
1896, Rizal wrote a manifesto to his people appealing to them to stop the necessary shedding of
blood and to achieve their liberties using education and industry.

The “Kangaroo Trial”

On December 26, 1896, around 8:00 am, Rizal was fetchedto a building called Cuartel de Espana and
brought to trial before a military court composed of seven military officers headed by Lt. Col. Jose
Togores Arjona.
He was even denied the right of counsel, for he was only permitted to choose his advocate
from a list of strange young Spanish officers who were untrained in the law.
After Judge Advocate Dominguez opened the trial, it was followed by Atty. Alcocer's reiteration of
the charges against Rizal. Urging the court that the latter be punished with death. Accordingly, the
three crimes accused him were “rebellion, sedition, and illegal association” - the penalty for the first
two being life imprisonment to death, while the last, correctional imprisonment an a charge of 325 to
3, 250 pesos.

According to Rizal, there were twelve points to prove his innocence:

1.
2.
 3.

4.

5.
6.

7.

8.
9.
10.

11.

12.

On December 28, Governor-General Polavieja, without any remorse, therefore signed, ordered, and
sealed the execution of Jose Rizal through firing squad at seven o'clock in the morning of December
30, 1896, at bagumbayan.

Alone in the Cell

Capt. Rafael Dominguez, at six o'clock in the morning on December 29, 1896, read before him the
official notice of his execution, scheduled the next day. Rizal immediately transferred to the prison
chapel where he spent his last hours on earth.

Last Masterpiece

• Rizal was not allowed to embrace his mother and his sisters
• NO male relatives were allowed to enter his cell. But little seven-year-old Mauricio, son of
Maria, was admitted.
• When Trinidad had come, Rizal gave his real legacy and said to her: “I want you to have my

• Then Rizal said in English: “There is something inside.”

Of Letters and Tears

• December 29, 1896 - 8pm Rizal had his last supper then he informed Capt. Dominguez that
he forgave his enemies including those who condemned him to death.
• December 30, 1896 - at 3am he rose up, prayed and confessed his sins. He knelt before the
altar and prayed the rosary, once finished, he read the by Tomas a
Kempis.
• December 30, 1896 - at 5:30am he ate his last breakfast of 3 hard boiled eggs. Afterwards,
he signed some memorabilia including religious pictures and books which would be passed
on to his mother, and sister, Trinidad. To Josephine, Rizal gave the as a
gift.
ASSESSMENT TASKS

(STRICTLYNOERASURE)
a. Carlism b.FerdinandVII c.MohandasK.Gandhi
d. Indios e.Gen.CarlosMaria delaTorre f.FranciscoZaldua

g. Dr.SunYat Sen h. InsularesandChineseMestizos i.AmericanRevolution

j. CarlosdeBourbon k.Industrial Revolution l.PoloyServicio

m. French Revolution n. Gen.FernandoPrimodeRivera o.ObrasPias

______1.HewastheKingofSpainduringthecritical yearsfollowingtheNapoleonicWars.

______2.Apolitical revolutionthat startedinFrancewhich changedthepolitical landscapein

Europefrommonarchytodemocracy.

______3. Along withthreeaccusedFathersBurgos,GomezandZamora,hewasescortedunder

heavy guardfromFortSantiagotoLuneta andwasexecutedfirst.
______4. Non-existenceinpreviouscenturies,thisclassrosetoapositionofpowerintheFilipino
communityandeventuallybecameleadersinfinanceandeducation.

______5. Theywerenot consideredFilipinosduringtheSpanishperiod.

______6. Thefirst president of Chinaandalsoknownas“ FatheroftheNation” andthe“ forerunner

ofdemocraticrevolution” .

______7. HewasrequestedbyGovernorIsquierdotodegradethethree priestsbytakingofftheir

priestlyhabits,but herefusedthisunholyrequest andtherebymanifestingthe Church’ s
doubt astotheirguilt.

______8. Heemployednon-violent civildisobedience, ledIndia toindependenceandinspired

movementsandfreedomacrosstheworld.

______9. Thefall ofQueenIsabella IIandtheriseof liberalisminSpainbrought anewSpanish

governor-general toManilawhoisanablesoldieranda truedemocrat.

______10. Thelegitimistandtraditionalist wholedthepolitical movement inSpainseekingthe

establishment ofa separatelineoftheBourbonfamilyontheSpanish throne.

______11.Theeconomicrevolutionthat changedtheeconomicsystemofEuropeinthe19th century

fromfeudalismtocapitalism.

______12. Aboastful andruthlessgovernorgeneral whoorderedtheexecutionofFatherMariano

Gomez, JoseBurgos, andJacintoZamora.

______13.ThetermgivenbytheSpaniardstotheFilipinos.

______14. Itdenoteschangesineducational systemthat happenedinthePhilippines.

______15. Thegovernorgeneral whoservedfortwotermsenrichedhimselfbyacceptingbribes

fromgamblingcasinosinManilawhich hescandalously permittedtooperate.

______16.Acruel andcorrupt governorgeneralofHispanic-German ancestry, arrivedinManilaa

poormanandreturnedtoSpain millionaire.

______17.AlawimposedbySpaniardsforcingthemalefrom16to60yearsoldtowork inthe
infrastructureprogramlaunchedbythem.

______18.AcharitableinstitutionfinanciallysupportedbytheGalleonTrade.

______19. ThefirstPhilippinedelegatewhotook activepart intheframingof the 1812Constitution.

______20.Aheartlessandruthlessgovernorgeneral whosignedtheexecutionofDr. JoseRizal.

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 Other Internet Sources

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