=> Multiplying and dividing fractions and decimals 166 > erie) 1. The fraction $ is shaded on the fraction wall. a 8 Write two different fractions equivalent to i These fractions have the same denominator. Write the missing fraction. 4,2 8 3*3* Ms Leroy calculates 18 x 5 using factors, 18 = 9 Sh He spills ink on his work. What number so 18 x 5 = 9 > fix 5 is under the ink blots? Calculate. =i 20 a 34x10 b 68x7 #180 Find the missing numbers. a 58+{/)|=58 b 127=15 Multiplying and dividing fractions and decimals These pictures are all about fractions and decimals and how we use them in our everyday life. Discuss with your partner when you see or use fractions or decimals. Try to think of times when you multiply or divide, for example, when you know the cost of one item and you need to buy three items. Recipe KG SHOP Sponge cake 1. Shirt $4.60 2 cup butter 2. Trousers $9.40 : 3, T-Shirt $2.75 ‘cup sugar Beggs 4, Shoes $5.35 18 cup our “DISCOUNT Torts THANK YOU AK SHOPPEE RTROAD COMPARE AT $20.00 $12.99 i 167 >15 Multiplying and dividing fractions and decimals > > 15.1 Multiplying and dividing fractions eR) Look at the pictures. They show: Imagine you have + an apple and you share it with four friends. Can you write a calculation to show how much orange you each have? In this section you will learn how to multiply and divide unit fractions. Calculate 3 x 4 Draw a diagram to show your answer. You can use different types of diagram. The bar model shows a whole divided into fifths with four-fifths shaded. ek a , 1 5 +5 The number line shows 2 x 4 as repeated addition of 2. 168 >15.1 Multiplying and dividing fractions Exercise 15.1 1 Calculate i x 3, Draw a diagram to show your answer. 2 Calculate x 6. Draw a diagram to show your answer. 5 Y 3. Amy, Kiki and Magda work out 2 x 4. Here are their methods. Amy Aygntyl ptyiid e*4-6teteten6 a é a 6 4 4 bx 4 2 6 i 6 Kiki ty ged eX4rG Magda Ly qgetyl,1,1. ee * "et eteter 6 6 6 6 6 6 Which method do you prefer? Explain your answer. Compare your answer with your partner. Do you both prefer the same method? 169 >172 of 209 15.2 Multiplying a decimal and a whole number Look what I can do! > 15.2 Multiplying a decimal and a whole number Look at the picture. The girl is 90. cm tall. The girl is twice as tall as the cat. The cat is half or 0.5 times the height of the girl. Half of 90 cm = 45 cm 0.5 x 90 = 45m The cat is 45cm tall, é In this section you will learn to multiply numbers with 1 decimal place by whole numbers. a7)Calculate 12.9 x 6 Estimate: 10 x 6 = 60 and 20x6=120 So the answer is between 60 and 120. 12.9x6 _— 129+ 10 x6 =129x6+10 =774+10 =774 Answer: 12.9x6=77.4 Exercise 15.2 1 15 Multiplying and dividing fractions and decimals > Start by estimating the size of the answer. Write 12.9 as 129 + 10 You can change the order of the multiplying and dividing. (This uses the associative law.) Multiply 129 by 6 and divide the answer by 10. Check the answer against your estimate. Sofia counts in steps of zero-point-three. +03 She says, ‘zero-point-three, zero-point-six, ; ; s 0 03 06 She continues counting to find 4 x 0.3. What is her answer? 2 Draw a number line to help you calculate. - a 7x04 b 5x05 © 3x09 yy | gpl 5 | A 3. A,Band C stand for missing numbers on this multiplication grid. Find the value of A, B and C. os} 8 /)25| 2 02]12) c | 08 06] 36) 3 24 172 >15 Multiplying and dividing fractions and decimals » BU aR Mae) You need these cards. a Arrange the cards as a multiplication calculation. Investigate different answers. Which one is, the biggest? Which one is the smallest? x Bi How many different answers can you find? —_ = You will show you are specialising when you find solutions to the problem. Look what I can do! can multiply a number with 1 decimal place by a whole number. oa eT ey Use any method you like to do these questions. You can draw number lines or diagrams to help you. 1 Calculate. 1 a a a §x5 b 9x z © 5x7 2 Calculate. 1, a 5 a b ie 3 Calculate. a 3.7x3 b 28x5 ce S24x9 7 4. Arunis thinking of a unit fraction. He says, ‘When | multiply my fraction by 5 it will be equivalent to ; and when | multiply it by 10 it is equivalent to 1. What fraction is Arun thinking of? 5 Copy and complete this multiplication grid. 174 >15.2 Multiplying a decimal and a whole number 4 Copy and complete these calculations. a 08x9 5 13%7 \ y\ 8+10 BO a Sy =8 10 ‘OH =13x7:[ =[-10 Oo =91:[)] 5 Calculate. Estimate your answer before you calculate it. You can use © 06x? & bans diagrams similar to those in TY & Which calculation is the odd one out? question 4 to help you. Explain why. 14x5 3.5*7 2.5*8 185 3.5*6 Check your answers with your partner. Did you remember to estimate before you calculated the answer? 7 What is the product of 15.4 and 7? 8 Copy and complete these calculations. 8 1¢6 A 73 = 2 602 Look back over the methods you have used to multiply a decimal PM aa Te RT CCRC ay emt r eC M TM Tes Cem VTS 173 >15 Multiplying and dividing fractions and decimals > 4 Draw a diagram to help you calculate 4 x4. “J_5 Arun multiplies a unit fraction by a whole number. He writes. ys 5% 535 Explain what Arun has done wrong. 6 Draw diagrams to help you calculate he 1s a t+2 b 243 c Check your answers with your partner. ale 7 Zara has } of a bottle of fruit juice. She divides it equally between two glasses. What fraction of the bottle is in each glass? Look back at the ork you have done in this section. What are the key points you have learnt? BUA CR Mera ur CeteL) Look at these pairs of calculations. 2 7+2= 3 Write the next three rows of the pattern. What do you notice about multiplying by 3 and dividing by 2? What happens if you multiply by 3 and divide by 3? * You will show that you are generalising when you explain the pattern and find examples that satisfy the pattern. You will show that you are convincing when you explain the relationship between multiplying by 3 and dividing by 3. 170 >