YEAR

12
MATHEMATICS
STANDARD 2
CambridgeMATHS
STAGE 6

GK POWERS
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Contents

About the author vii

Introduction viii
Acknowledgements xii

1Rates and ratios 1 M7

1A Rates and concentrations 2
1B Heart rate 8
1C Energy rate 12
1D Fuel consumption rate 18
1E Calculations with ratios 21
1F Dividing a quantity in a given ratio 24
1G Scale drawings 27
1H Plans and elevations 30
1I Perimeter, area and volume 38
Chapter summary 44
Multiple-choice 45
Short-answer 46
Extended-response 48

2Network concepts 49 N2.1, N2.2

2A Networks 50
2B Travelling a network 55
2C Drawing a network diagram 60
2D Eulerian and Hamiltonian walks 70
2E Network problems 75
2F Minimal spanning trees 79
2G Connector problems 84
2H Shortest path 87
Chapter summary 92
Multiple-choice 93
Short-answer 94
Extended-response 96

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 3 Investments and loans 97 F4
3A Future value 98
3B Investment graphs 103
3C Appreciation and inflation 108
3D Shares and dividends 112
3E Declining-balance depreciation 116
3F Reducing-balance loans 120
3G Credit cards 126
3H Credit card statements 130
3I Fees and charges for credit card usage 134
Chapter summary 137
Multiple-choice 138
Short-answer 139
Extended-response 140

Practice Paper 1 141

4Non-right-angled trigonometry 147 M6

4A Right-angled trigonometry 148
4B Angles of elevation and depression 153
4C Compass and true bearings 158
4D Trigonometry with obtuse angles 163
4E Area of a triangle 166
4F The sine rule 169
4G The cosine rule 175
4H Miscellaneous problems 180
4I Radial survey 185
Chapter summary 189
Multiple-choice 190
Short-answer 191
Extended-response 192

5Simultaneous linear equations 193 A4.1

5A Linear functions 194
5B Linear models 200
5C Simultaneous equations – graphically 205
5D Simultaneous equations – algebraically 209
5E Simultaneous equation models 213
5F Break-even analysis 217
Chapter summary 221
Multiple-choice 222
Short-answer 223
Extended-response 224

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 6 Bivariate data analysis 225 S4
6A Constructing a bivariate scatterplot 226
6B Using a bivariate scatterplot 230
6C Pearson’s correlation coefficient 236
6D Line of best fit 241
6E Interpolation and extrapolation 247
6F Statistical investigation 252
Chapter summary 257
Multiple-choice 258
Short-answer 259
Extended-response 260

Practice Paper 2 261

7 Annuities 267 F5
7A Annuity as a recurrence relation 268
7B Using Excel to model an annuity 274
7C Using a future value table 280
7D Using a present value table 286
7E Use of annuities 292
Chapter summary 297
Multiple-choice 298
Short-answer 299
Extended-response 300

8 Non-linear relationships 301 A3.2

8A Exponential functions 302
8B Exponential models 306
8C Quadratic functions 309
8D Quadratic models 314
8E Reciprocal function 320
8F Reciprocal models 324
8G Inverse variation 329
8H Miscellaneous problems 333
Chapter summary 337
Multiple-choice 338
Short-answer 339
Extended-response 340

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 9The normal distribution 341 S5
9A Normally distributed data 342
9B The 68–95–99.7 rule 347
9C z-scores 354
9D Converting z-scores into actual scores 358
9E Using z-scores to compare data 362
9F Further applications of normal distributions 367
Chapter summary 373
Multiple-choice 374
Short-answer 375
Extended-response 376

10 Critical path analysis 377 N3

10A Introduction to critical path analysis 378
10B Constructing a network diagram given an
activity chart 384
10C Dummy activities 389
10D Forward and backward scanning 395
10E Float times and the critical path 400
10F Minimum completion time 406
10G Network flow problems 411
Chapter summary 419
Multiple-choice 420
Short-answer 421
Extended-response 422

Practice Paper 3 423

Formulae and data sheet 429

Glossary 433
Answers 445

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About the author

Greg Powers is currently the Head of Mathematics at Cabramatta High School

and the coordinator of the Mathematics Head Teacher Western Network. He
is an experienced classroom teacher, having taught for over 30 years in a
range of different schools. Greg has been a senior marker for the HSC,
educational consultant for the Metropolitan South West Region and presented
at numerous MANSW inservices. He has also enjoyed several curriculum
roles with the Department of Education and Training. Greg is an experienced
author who has written numerous texts on mathematics and technology.

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Introduction

CambridgeMATHS Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 provides complete and close coverage of

the NSW Stage 6 Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 syllabus to be implemented in 2019
including the November 2017 syllabus update.
Now part of the CambridgeMATHS series, this resource is part of a continuum from Year 7 through to 12.
The series includes advice on pathways from Stage 5 to Stage 6. The Year 12 resource gives
access to selected previous years’ lessons for revision of prior knowledge.
The four components of Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 — the print book, downloadable PDF textbook,
online Interactive Textbook and Online Teaching Resource — contain a huge range of resources available to
schools in a single package at a convenient low price. There are no extra subscriptions or per-student charges to
pay.
Interactive Textbook powered by the HOTmaths platform – included with the print book or
available separately (shown on the page opposite)
The Interactive Textbook is an online HTML version of the print textbook powered by the HOTmaths
platform, completely designed and reformatted for on-screen use, with easy navigation. Its features include:
1 Most examples have video versions to encourage independent learning.
2 All exercises including chapter reviews have the option of being done interactively on line, using
workspaces and self-assessment tools. Students rate their level of confidence in answering the
question and can flag the ones that gave them difficulty. Working and answers, whether typed or
handwritten, and drawings, can be saved and submitted to the teacher electronically. Answers
displayed on screen if selected and worked solutions (if enabled by the teacher) open in pop-up
windows.
3 Teachers can give feedback to students on their self-assessment and flagged answers.
4 The full suite of the HOTmaths learning management system and communication tools are included
in the platform, with similar interfaces and controls.
5 Worked solutions are included and can be enabled or disabled in the student accounts by the teacher.
6 Interactive widgets and activities based on embedded Desmos windows demonstrate key
concepts and enable students to visualise the mathematics.
7 Desmos scientific and graphics calculator windows are also included.
8 ‘Knowledge check’ revision of prior knowledge using selected HOTmaths Year 10 lessons is included.
9 Every section in a chapter has a Quick Quiz of automatically marked multiple-choice questions
for students to test their progress.
10 Definitions pop up for key terms in the text, and are also provided in a dictionary.
11 Each chapter has a Study Guide – a concise summary in PowerPoint slides that can be used
for revision and preparation for assessment.
12 Literacy worksheets can be accessed via the Interactive Textbook, with answers in the Online
Teaching Suite, providing activities to help with mathematical terminology.
13 Spreadsheet questions with accompanying spreadsheet files.

Downloadable PDF textbook (shown on the page opposite)

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 14 The convenience of a downloadable PDF textbook has been retained for times when users cannot go online.
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INTERACTIVE TEXTBOOK POWERED BY THE HOTmaths PLATFORM

Numbers refer to the descriptions on the opposite page. HOTmaths platform features are updated regularly.

10 Pop-up definitions 9 Quick quizzes

5 Worked solutions
(if enabled by teacher) Desmos
7 calculator windows
Interactive Desmos widgets
2 Answers displayed on scr
6
1 Video worked examples

12 Printable Literacy worksheet

2 Interactive exercises with typing/hand- writing/drawing entry showing working

11 Study Guides
13 Spreadsheet
question and files 8 Revision of prior knowledg
4 Tasks sent by teacher10 Dictionary

PDF TEXTBOOK

DOWNLOADABLE
14 Included with Interactive Textbook
Search functions

Note-taking

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Online Teaching Suite powered by the HOTmaths platform (shown on the page opposite)
The Online Teaching Suite is automatically enabled with a teacher account and appears in the
teacher’s copy of the Interactive Textbook. All the assets and ersources are in one place for easy
access. Many of them are opened by clicking on icons in the pages of the Interactive Textbook. The
features include:
15 Editable teaching programs with registers, a scope and sequence document and curriculum grid.
16 Topic test worksheets A and B – based on the knowledge, skills and understanding gained in each
chapter, and Revision Quiz worksheets provide HSC-standard questions for further revision for each
topic, with worked solutions. NESA requirements for problem-solving investigative tasks will also be
addressed.
17 A HOTmaths-style test generator provides additional multiple-choice questions, as well as
digital versions of the multiple-choice questions in the test worksheets
18 The HOTmaths learning management system with class and student reports and communication
tools is included.
19 Teacher’s lesson notes – pop-up text boxes containing lesson notes and additional examples that can
be used in class, also available as editable PowerPoint slides which can be given to students as
tutorials.

Content features of the textbook

Working mathematically is integrated into each exercise using three levels.
• Level 1 – questions to develop understanding, fluency and communication. These questions are basic and
straightforward in style to ensure early success. Level 1 caters for a student working at bands 1 to 3.
Students going on to do HSC Standard 1 should do Level 1 questions, and Level 2 at the teacher’s
discretion.
• Level 2 – questions to develop problem solving, reasoning and justification. These questions
extend and broaden students understanding of the concepts of the section. Level 2 caters for a
student working at bands 4 to 5.
• Level 3 – questions to challenge the knowledge and understanding of the top students. Level 3
caters for a student working at band 6.

Other features:
20 The Year 11 Chapter 1 Preliminary preparation covering basic skills is accessible in the Interactive
Textbook to Year 12 students. It could also be used for review during the course.
21 The textbook is divided into smaller manageable topics to assist teaching.
22 Syllabus topic focus and outcomes are listed at the beginning of each chapter.
23 Each section and exercise begins at the top of the page to make them easy to find and access.
24 Exercises are differentiated into three levels to allow teachers to assess students abilities.
25 Each exercise develops student’s skills to work mathematically at their level.
26 Step-by-step worked examples with precise explanations (and video versions for most of
them) encourage independent learning, and are linked to exercises.
27 Important concepts are formatted in boxes for easy reference.
28 Spreadsheet activities are integrated throughout the text, with accompanying Excel files in
the Interactive Textbook.
29 Chapter reviews contain a chapter summary and multiple-choice, short-answer and extended-response
questions.
30 A comprehensive glossary and HSC formula sheet are included.
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 31 There are three complete HSC practice papers.

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ONLINE TEACHING SUITE POWERED BY THE HOTmaths PLATFORM

Numbers refer to the descriptions on the previous page. HOTmaths platfrom features are updated regularly.

16 Printable test and quiz she

19 Teacher’s lesson notes

(Indicated by T icon in teacher’s interactive textbook)

15 Teaching programs
18 Class reports
18 Student results

17 Test
generator
Teacher’s copy of interactive textbook
18 Tasks sent to students

PRINT TEXTBOOK

24 Exercises

21 Smaller manageable topics Chapter Review

to assist teaching Glossary Answers

31 HSC
practice papers
Icons indicate digital assets

26 Step-by- step worked examples with precise explanations 26 Questions linked to e

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Acknowledgements

The author and publishers wish to thank Rebecca Lovelock for advice in preparing the networks and
critical path analysis chapters.

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