WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY CROSSES
“It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has
exceeded our humanity” – Albert Einstein
TECHNOLOGY
- According to Oxford Dictionary, technology is the
application of scientific knowledge for practical
purposes, especially in industry.
- According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, “the
practical application of knowledge especially in a
particular area”.
- Can be the most defined as the entities, both
material and immaterial, created by the application
of mental and physical effort in order to achieve
some value.
ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY
• Life has become easy through ST
• Travelling has become faster than before
- BUGATTI CHIRON SUPER SPORT 300+ : 304
MPH,
- Worlds Fastest Train Maglev Train China 374
miles/hr.
• Communication becomes easier, faster and cheaper
• Innovation in technology increased the standard of
living
- FRONTIER (US) OAK RIDGE NATIONAL
LABORATORY
• Using various technology, man become advanced
• The impossible had become possible
DISADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY
LIMITS OF TECHNOLOGY TO HUMANITY
• Natural Limits – weight, properties
Example: Law of Physics (Speed of Light)
Law of Software and Algorithms
Problem in Functionality
• Economic Limits – money
• Ethical Limits – informed consent, cloning
Example: Real time satellite surveillance video
Astronaut bioethics
Enhanced pathogens
• Society Limits – needs, wants, values
• Government Limits – military, space program
BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity is the measure of the number of the species on
the planet or in specified area (Clarke,2013)
Biodiversity by Bynum 2012
Variety of life on earth at all its levels, from genes to
ecosystems and the ecological and evolutionary processes
that sustain it
IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY
• Food security (Boycott GMOs)
- Hedyotis papafranciscoi named after Pope Francis
-used for medicine/cure
• Balances the ecosystem
• Aesthetic and existence value
ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
• Functional Diversity- biological and chemical
processes such as energy flow and matter recycling
needed for the survival of species, communities and
ecosystems.
• Ecological Diversity- variety of terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystems found in an area or on the earth.
• Species Diversity- number of species present in
different habitats
• Genetic Diversity- variety of genetic material within
a species or a population.
➢ Abiotic Chemicals (carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen,
minerals)
➢ Producers (plants)
➢ Consumers (herbivores, carnivores)
➢ Decomposers (bacteria, fungi)
• Crocodylus Mindorensis – Philippine crocodile
• Crocodylus Porosus- specie of Lolong
• Flowerpeckers of the Philippines
• Ectopistes Migratorius better known as passenger
pigeon
• Philippine Eagle (7ft wingspan, 3ft height, powerful
talons, blue grey eyes)
HIPPOs KILL BIODIVERISTY
Habitat Destruction
Invasive Species
Pollution
Population (human)
Overharvesting
GENETIC MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs)
• Select for insectidal insects
• Cell used for plant propagation
• Insects that feed the plants will die
 BENEFITS
• Genetic Manipulation of pest resistance
• Genetic Manipulation of herbicide resistance
• Plant disease resistance
• Bioenergy production
• Salt, drought, cold and heat tolerance
• Improvement of crop yield and quality
• Molecular pharming of carbohydrates, lipid and
protein
• Non-agricultural industrial product generation
Carica Papaya- Ringspot virus
Fortification- Golden Rice1, Golden Rice2,
Conventional Apple- growing apple w/o synthetic chemicals
Arctic Apple- prevent browning
Blue Rose- Flovonoid 31 and Hydroxylase 51
ISSUES AND CONCERN
• Health
- Allergenicity
- Creating antibiotic-resistant bacteria
- Creating super-weeds
• Environmental
• Impact on biodiversity
• Effects on ecosystem
• Transfer of foreign gene from GM to non-GM
plants
EFFECT OF GMO TO BIODIVERSITY
• An insect resistant GM crop could have direct toxic
effect on non target species.
• A GMO crop could have an indirect effect to other
species by reducing the source of food for other
wildlife such as birds.
• Pest resurgence could be resulted from insects
which become resistant to chemicals when used in
pest tolerant.
• GM crops repeatedly and may increase the number
of insect pest.
• Creating an imbalance in nature by changing the
predator/prey ratio.
NANO WORLD
NANO- is from the Greek word ‘Nanos’ meaning Dwarf. It is a
prefix used to describe “one billionth of something”
NANO TECHNOLOGY
- study and manipulation of matter at a scale of 1 to 100
nanometers.
- It involves characterization, design and production of
structures devises and system with unique
properties by fine tuning the physical, chemical,
mechanical, optical properties of materials
MICROSCOPE
Atomic Force Microscope
Electron Microscope
NANO TECHNOLOGY OF THE PAST
• Ancient Egyptians
• Fermentation Process in nano level
• Ancient Rome Licurgus Cup 4th Century AD-
oldest famous example of dichroic glass.
• Middle Ages
• Stained glass windows
NANO TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• ICT
• Solar Cells
• Agriculture
• Nanofiltration
NANOTECHNOLOGY CAN PROVIDE SOLUTIONS
• Cheaper and more readily available solar cells based
on quantum dots
• Clean water using nanocatalyst
• Enhanced agricultural productivity
• Medical Kits using nanotech
• Advanced ICT in computations may bring education
effectively
 NANOTECHNOLOGY
• 1981-Modern nanotechnology began .
• Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer - IBM scientists won the
1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing the scanning
tunneling microscope.
• Laureate Richard Feynman - American physicist and Nobel
Prize introduce the concept of nanotechnology in 1959.
“Father of Nanotechnology”
• “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom” a lecture entitled
at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
Nanotechnology - areas of science and engineering where
phenomena that take place at dimensions in the nanometre
scale are utilized in the design, characterization, production,
and application of materials, structures, devices, and systems.
Intel a leader in tiny computer processors, and the latest
generation of Intel’s Core processor technology is a 10-
nanometer chip.
Medieval stained-glass windows are an example of how
nanotechnology was used in the pre-modern era
ADVANTAGE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
-more effective energy-producing,
-energy-absorbing,
-energy storage products in smaller and more efficient
devices
-built smaller but made to be more effective
- electronic products
-medical world

Nanotechnology refers to the branch of science and DISADVANTAGE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

engineering devoted to designing, producing, and using -raised the standard of living
structures, devices, and systems by manipulating atoms and -increased pollution
molecules at nanoscale, having one or more dimensions of -Nanoparticles can cause lung damage
the order of 100 nanometres (100 millionth of a millimetre) -atomic weapons
or less. -loss of job (autonomous tractors)
-health (blood brain barrier)
Nanometre scale - distinguishes nanotechnology from other
areas of technology. BENEFITS
-Nano-engineered materials make superior household
Everyday products that use Nanotechnology products
1. Sunscreen -health
Nanoparticles titanium dioxide and zinc oxide is highly -economy
effective at blocking UV radiation feel lighter on the skin, -environment

2. Clothing Microscopes
Nanoparticles of silica can help to create fabrics that repel Atomic Force Microscope
water and other liquids by being incorporated into the Electron Microscope
fabric’s weave or sprayed onto the surface of the fabric to
create a waterproof or stainproof coating. Possible Applications of Nanotechnology in the Philippines
Information and Communication Technologies
3. Furniture Medicine
less flammable by coating the foam used in upholstered Food and Agriculture
furniture with carbon nanofibers, reduce flammability by up
to 35 percent.
Quantum Dots
4. Adhesives Quantum dots (QDs) are man-made nanoscale crystals that
“nano-glue” not only withstands high temperatures – it gets that can transport electrons. When UV light hits these
stronger as the surrounding temperature increases. semiconducting nanoparticles, they can emit light of various
colors and are artificial nanostructures.
5. Coatings for car paintwork
Nanorepel has produced a high-performance nanocoating Nanoparticles of semiconductors – quantum dots – were
that can be used to protect your car’s paintwork from bird theorized in the 1970s and initially created in the early 1980s
poop.
Properties of a quantum dot:
6. Tennis balls
• size
Keep their bounce for longer, and make tennis racquets
stronger. • shape
• composition
7. Computers • structure
• solid or hollow
 • QDs have been incorporated as active elements in a
wide variety of devices and applications.
• QDs are also based on II–VI and I–III–VI compounds,
as well as transition-metal dichalcogenides,
perovskites, and carbon, among others.
Thin-film-type LEDs can be based on CsPbX3 QDs fabricated
using a new solid-state ligand-exchange method.
• Photon detection can be realized by many types of
devices, such as light-dependent resistors
(photoconductors) or photodiodes
• Photodetectors operating in the ultraviolet spectral
range have been fabricated using a WS2 QD–
graphene nanocomposite
• Phototransistors with balanced photodetection
were obtained based on CsPbBr3 colloidal QDs and
few-layer MoS2.
• Semiconductor photocatalysis technology converts
light to chemical energy
• Encapsulation and nanotags for authentication of
goods can also be found among QD applications
Types
1. CORE - TYPE QUANTOM DOTS -nano dots can be
single component materials with uniform internal
compositions, such as chalcogenides
2. CORE - SHELL QUANTOM DOTS -luminescent
properties of quantum dots arise from
recombination of electron-hole pairs through
radiative pathways
3. ALLOYED QUANTOM DOTS- ability to tune optical
and electronic properties by changing the crystallite
size has become a hallmark of quantum dots
GENE AND GENOME
• William French Anderson - American physician, geneticist
and molecular biologist and Father of Gene therapy
• September 14, 1990 - performed the first approved gene
therapy procedure
• Gene Therapy -medical approach that treats or prevents
disease by correcting the underlying genetic problem.
-works by altering the genetic code to recover the functions
of critical proteins.
• Proteins- workhorses of the cell and the structural basis of
the body ’ s tissues.
• Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for
building the molecules that make the bodywork and made
up of hundreds of thousands of chemical bases.
• génos – Greek word meaning generation or birth or gender
• Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity
• Molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides
• protein-coding genes and noncoding genes- two types of
molecular gene
• Genome is a complete set of genes in a cell or organism
and to store, propagate, and express the genetic
information
• 46 chromosomes that basically come in pairs of which 23
pairs
• 0.001 % of each person ' s DNA and contributes to
differences in appearance and health.
• Chromosome comprises two chromatids, each containing a
sequence of DNA
• Autosomal chromosomes -remaining chromosomes
GENETIC DISORDERS
• Genetic Disorders diseases caused by abnormalities in the
DNA sequence of an individual.
• Single-Gene Disorder caused by the mutations in specific
genes andclassified into autosomal single-gene disorder
and X-Linked disorders
• Chromosomal Disorder excess or deficiency of the whole
chromosome, chromosomal rearrangement, and
contiguous-gene syndrome.
• Multifactorial Inheritance combination of genetic changes
that produces the disease. 5-10% in the first degree
relatives with higher risk than that of the 2nd degree
relatives.
• Chromosomal rearrangement breakage and reconstruction
but in abnormal form.
• Structural rearrangement loss or gain of genetic material
but typically gaining human chromosomes is less harmful
than the loss of genetic materials
GENE THERAPY
• Gene therapy is a method of treating or preventing
diseases by replacing, repairing, or turning on or off genes
of a patient's cells
-use of vectors and non-viral method to move a DNA or genes
to one cell or another
-works by introducing genetic material into the nucleus of the
cell.
• Vector- system used to deliver genetic material
• Genetic material -DNA or RNA that play a fundamental role
in creating proteins critical to a cell’s structure or its
function in the body.
• Transgene is a portion of DNA from one organism inserted
into the genome of another organism
• Nuclease is an enzyme that is capable of cleaving the bond
between two bases in a nucleic acid at a specific sequence
• Viral vectors are built using a blueprint of a virus not the
actual virus itself
common vehicle used in FDA-approved gene therapies
• Non-viral vectors depend on physical or chemical methods
• Chemical disruption vector is type of vector that is typically
designed to target specific cells
• Electroporation - electric field to make a cell more
permeable, which allows the delivery of genetic material
• Polymer-based vector is polymers are one of the
substances used to create chemical vectors
• Retroviral vectors - modify cells for gene therapy. They
were derived from natural retroviruses that have evolved
gene transfer mechanisms over millions of years
• Adenovirus vectors can be replication defective; certain
essential viral genes are deleted and replaced by a cassette
that expresses a foreign therapeutic gene.
• Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a non-enveloped virus that
can be engineered to deliver DNA to target cells
• A trans-acting (or trans-regulatory) element - protein that
binds to the cis-acting element of a gene to control its
expression.
• Herpes simplex virus (HSV) -neurotropic DNA virus with
many favorable properties as a gene delivery vector.
• Injection of naked DNA is the simplest method under non-
viral method
few decades. Since technology continues to advance, we
can expect gene therapy to continue to improve. We can
also expect more gene therapies to gain FDA approval
Disadvantages
• Experimental – no guarantees
• Expensive - pricey, making it inaccessible for some people
BENEFITS
• It offers cure to several disease like cancer, Parkinson's
disease, AIDS, asthma, diabetes, heart disease as well as
hereditary diseases
• It can replace defective cells
• It has a promising potential not only in the field of medicine
but in some related fields like agriculture.

Two Main Types Of Gene Therapy

• Somatic gene therapy - are those which are not related to
reproductive gene therapy.
• Reproductive gene therapy or germ-line cell therapy -
introduction of corrective genes to sperm cells, egg cells, or
even zygotes (4-day old) eliminate the abnormalities that
can possibly be transmitted to the offspring.

Types of Somatic Gene Therapy

• In Vivo - genes are transferred to the cells present inside
the patient's body
• Ex Vivo- cells are taken out from the body and grown in the
laboratory

Advantages
• Positive effects passed down through generations. - If you
remove a faulty gene from a parent, they won’t transfer
this gene to their kids.
• Rapidly-changing technology. - Gene therapy is able to exist
because of massive advances in technology over the past

Goodluck😡