############################################

--if it is not running already then start listener

$ lsnrctl start

--if it is not started already, startup database

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> startup
############################################

--Backing Up a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode

--Control archivelog mod

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> archive log list

SQL> select log_mode from v$database;

--close archivelog mode

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

SQL> alter database flashback off;

SQL> col name format a30

SQL> select name, guarantee_flashback_database, pdb_restore_point,
clean_pdb_restore_point, pdb_incarnation#, storage_size from v$restore_point;

SQL> drop restore point grp_cdb;

SQL> alter database noarchivelog;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> archive log list

SQL> select log_mode from v$database;

--start backup with RMAN

$ rman target /

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE

TAG 'BACKUP_NOARCHIVELOG';

--shut down database before backing up

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

--start backup with RMAN

$ rman target /

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE

TAG 'BACKUP_NOARCHIVELOG';

--open the database.

RMAN> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

--open archivelog mode

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

--change log_mode to archive log back

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> alter database flashback on;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> archive log list

SQL> select log_mode,flashback_on from v$database;

#######################
--back up without catalog database
$ rman target /

RMAN> SHOW ALL;

--backup whole database

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE;
RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL;
--or
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
#######################

--backup with catalog database

--connect on primary server
$ rman target sys/oracle@primary catalog rcatown/rcatown@rcatpdb

RMAN> SHOW ALL;

--connect on rmancat server

$ rman target sys/oracle@primary catalog rcatown/rcatown@rcatpdb

RMAN> SHOW ALL;

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;

--Specifying the Device Type for an RMAN Backup

RMAN> SHOW DEVICE TYPE;

RMAN> BACKUP
DEVICE TYPE DISK
DATABASE;

####OPTION######
--if you have tape unite in your system you can arrange sbt as device type
RMAN> BACKUP
DEVICE TYPE SBT
 DATABASE;

--to configure tape as default device type

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE SBT PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
################

--Backing Up Archived Redo Logs with RMAN options

--with sequence range
SQL> select sequence# from v$archived_log;

RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG

FROM SEQUENCE 1
UNTIL SEQUENCE 3;

--with time range

RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG
FROM TIME 'SYSDATE-30'
UNTIL TIME 'SYSDATE-7';

--To back up archived redo logs that need backup

RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL NOT BACKED UP 2 TIMES;

--delete archive logs after backup

$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/ORCL/archivelog

$ ls -ltr

RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG DELETE INPUT;

--backup of root container

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE ROOT TAG 'ROOT_DB_BACKUP';

--backup of pluggable database

RMAN> BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 TAG 'PDB1_BACKUP';

--To back up one PDB while connected to the PDB

$ rman target sys/oracle@pdb1 catalog rcatown/rcatown@rcatpdb

$ rman target sys/oracle@pdb1

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE;

--backup of tablespace
--when connected to pdb1
RMAN> BACKUP TABLESPACE tbs_data;

--when connected to cdb or catalog

RMAN> BACKUP TABLESPACE pdb1:tbs_data;

--backup of datafile
SQL> sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> col name format a30

SQL> select df.file#,df.name
from v$datafile df, v$tablespace ts
where df.ts#=ts.ts# and ts.name='TBS_DATA';

RMAN> BACKUP DATAFILE 19;

--Making Image Copies

RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY
DEVICE TYPE DISK
DATABASE
TAG full_cold_copy;

--Making Backup Sets

RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET
DATAFILE 20
TAG backup_df20;

--Backing up an existing backup copy

RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY
COPY OF DATABASE
FROM TAG full_cold_copy
TAG new_full_cold_copy;

--Specifying a Format for RMAN Backups

--create a directory for backups
$ mkdir /home/oracle/backups

--specifies a location on the file system

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE
FORMAT "/home/oracle/backups/backup_%U";

--check the new directory

$ cd backups
$ ls -ltr

##########################
--To back up a database to multiple disk drives
--Allocate one DISK channel for each disk drive and specify a format so that the
file names are on different disks.
RMAN> RUN
{
ALLOCATE CHANNEL disk1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk1/%d_backups/%U';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL disk2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk2/%d_backups/%U';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL disk3 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk3/%d_backups/%U';
BACKUP AS COPY DATABASE;
}

--You can configure multiple disk channels so that backups will be distributed to
multiple disk drives by default
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 3;
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk1/%d_backups/%U';
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk2/%d_backups/%U';
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 3 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk3/%d_backups/%U';
RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY DATABASE;
##########################
--Making Compressed Backups
RMAN> BACKUP
AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET
DATABASE
FORMAT "/home/oracle/backups/backupcmprs_%U";

$ du -h backup*

--Backing Up Control Files with RMAN

--manual backup of the control file

RMAN> SHOW CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;

RMAN> BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

RMAN> BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK

TABLESPACE pdb1:tbs_indx
INCLUDE CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

--Backing Up a Control File Copy

RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY
CURRENT CONTROLFILE
FORMAT '/home/oracle/backups/control01.ctl';

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

--backing up server parameter files with RMAN

RMAN> BACKUP SPFILE;

RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY

SPFILE
FORMAT '/home/oracle/backups/spfile01.pfile';

--To make an incremental backup:

RMAN> BACKUP
INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0
DATABASE
TAG 'INCREMENTAL_FULL';

--To make a differential incremental backup. It only backs up those data blocks
changed since the most recent level 1 or level 0 backup.
RMAN> BACKUP
INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1
DATABASE
TAG 'INCREMENTAL_DIFFERENTIAL';

--To make a cumulative incremental backup, backing up all blocks changed since the
most recent level 0 backup.
RMAN> BACKUP
INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE
DATABASE;
TAG 'INCREMENTAL_CUMULATIVE';
--Basic Incremental Update Script
RMAN> RUN
{
RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE
WITH TAG 'full_copy';
BACKUP
INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1
FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'full_copy'
DATABASE;
}

--To enable block change tracking:

--Ensure that the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter is set.

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

--check whether DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter is set

SQL> show parameter DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST

--If the parameter is not set, set the parameter

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET
DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/'
SCOPE=BOTH SID='*';

--Enable block change tracking

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING;

--To determine whether change tracking is enabled:

SQL> COL STATUS FORMAT A8
COL FILENAME FORMAT A65

SQL> SELECT STATUS, FILENAME FROM V$BLOCK_CHANGE_TRACKING;

--To disable block change tracking

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DISABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING;

--To determine whether change tracking is enabled:

SQL> COL STATUS FORMAT A8
COL FILENAME FORMAT A65

SQL> SELECT STATUS, FILENAME FROM V$BLOCK_CHANGE_TRACKING;

--You can also create the change tracking file in a location that you choose
yourself
ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING
USING FILE '/home/oracle/backups/rman_change_track.f' REUSE;

$ cd /home/oracle/backups
$ ls -ltr