MATHEMATICS PART B

Ahmad Al-Makhzoomi and Shehzar Ali

Section Number One: Numerical Discrete

Median is 15
1. What considerations need to be made when conducting a survey? How can you
improve your survey question or improve the accuracy of the conclusions you
make?

Considerations for conducting a survey include setting clear objectives, defining the
target audience, designing unbiased questions with specific options, pretesting,
ensuring confidentiality, and aiming for a representative sample size and high
response rate. To improve the survey questions "What technological devices do you
own?" and "What phone brand do you own?", we could’ve constructed our
questions to be more specific and provide clear options. To enhance the accuracy of
the conclusion, ensuring that we undergo the process of analysing data rigorously by
using appropriate methods such as viewing the analytics of the survey and
responses, validate findings with other sources such as the internet or past surveys,
and acknowledge any limitations or biases in the survey.

2. Find the:
a) Mode score: how can you find the mode from the ogive?
Given that we thoroughly analyse the results from the graph, we should be able
to locate the most frequent score which will indicate the mode within the results
and scores.
Working out:
2.5= 0
7.5= 0
12.5= 3
17.5= 11
22.5= 12
27.5= 14
32.5= 15
Therefore, as you can see the most frequent is 32.5 so the Mode is 32.5.
We can determine the mode from an ogive (a graph representing a cumulative
frequency distribution), by Examining the ogive: Look at the ogive graph to
understand the shape of the distribution and identify the point where the curve
reaches its highest peak. Identify the corresponding class interval: Locate the
class interval or bin where the highest point on the ogive occurs. This class
interval will likely contain the mode. Determine the mode: Once you have
identified the class interval, examine the data within that interval to find the
mode. The mode is the value or values that occur most frequently within that
class interval. If the ogive shows a single peak (unimodal), the mode will
correspond to the highest point on the ogive and the corresponding class
interval. If the ogive has multiple peaks (bimodal or multimodal), there will be
multiple modes corresponding to different high points on the ogive and their
respective class intervals.
 b) Mean. Show your calculations:
Provided that we align the results from the survey into ascending order, add the
results collectively, and then proceed to divide the result by the number of
scores, we should be able to discover the mean.
Working out:
(2.5+7.5+12.5+17.5+22.5+27.5+32.5) = 122.5/7
=17.5
Therefore, the mean is 17.5.

c) Median Score. Show how you can find the median using the ogive.
Working out:
N/2= 15/2= 7.5
Median= 15
From finding out that 15/2 equals 7.5 we can then make a horizontal line from
7.5 to the line and then make a vertical line going down to the scores to find the
median which is 15
Therefore, the working out suggests that the median is 15.

d) Range.
Provided that we subtract the lowest score from the highest score evident from
the ogive, we are able to locate the range of the results.
Working out:
(32.5-2.5) = 30
Therefore, the range is 30.

3. Are there any outliers in your data set? Use mathematical calculations to find the
outlier beyond which a score which is considered an outlier.
In order to locate any outliers within the results we must undergo an arithmetic
procedure.
Working out:
(2.5, 7.5, 12.5, 17.5, 22.5, 27.5)
2.5+7.5/2= 6.25 and Q1
12.5+17.5/2 = Median and Q2 which is 21.25
22.5+27.5/2= 36.25 and Q3
IQR Q3-Q1= 30
Upper quartile= Q3 (36.25)
Lower quartile= Q1 (6.25)
OUTLIERS:
Q1-1.5xIQR
(6.25-1.5x30=-38.75)
Q3+1.5xIQR
(36.25+1.5x30=81.25)
Anything outside of these regions or beyond are considered outliers.
Therefore, there are no outliers in the given data set (2.5, 7.5, 12.5, 17.5, 22.5,
27.5). An outlier is a data point that significantly deviates from the other values
in the dataset. However, in this case, all the values (2.5, 7.5, 12.5, 17.5, 22.5,
27.5, 32.5) fall within a reasonable range and do not sustain any outliers.
Concluding sentence:
Based on the calculations performed, including the determination of quartiles,
interquartile range (IQR), and the application of the outlier formula, it has been
determined that there are no outliers in the given data set (2.5, 7.5, 12.5, 17.5, 22.5,
27.5). All values fall within a reasonable range and do not deviate significantly from
the other data points.
 Section Number Two: Categorical Numerical

1. What is the mode?

 According to the results from our survey, the Apple iPhone was the most frequent
and prevalent response with a total of 12 responses and frequency responses, which
ultimately indicated that the vast majority owned an iPhone.

2. Can you find the mode and median for your data set? Why/Why not?

No, it is not possible to find the mode and median from a categorical frequency
distribution table alone. The mode refers to the value or category that occurs most
frequently in a dataset, while the median represents the middle value when the data
is arranged in ascending or descending order. In a categorical frequency distribution
table, the data is presented in categories or groups, along with the frequency or
count of each category. Since the categories are not numeric values, it is not possible
to determine the mode or median directly from this type of table.
The mode and median are statistical measures that are typically used with numerical
data, where the values have an inherent order and can be compared. To find the
mode and median, you would need the actual numerical values corresponding to the
categories in the frequency distribution table. Without this information, it is not
feasible to calculate the mode or median.

3. What conclusions can you draw from the Pareto chart? What percentage of the
problems will you solve for the two major issues?

From the provided distribution table, we can draw the following conclusions:

iPhone is the most popular brand: The table shows that out of the 15 respondents,
12 individuals own an iPhone. This indicates that iPhones have the highest frequency
among the listed brands in the survey. Samsung is the second most popular brand:
The table shows that 3 respondents own a Samsung device. While the frequency is
lower compared to iPhones, it still represents 20% of the total respondents. Other
brands have zero frequency: The table indicates that none of the respondent’s own
devices from the brands Oppo, Nokia, Huawei, or Google Pixel. This suggests that
these brands are not represented in the sample of respondents or are not as popular
among the surveyed group.

iPhones dominate the market share: The cumulative relative frequency column
shows that iPhones alone account for 80% of the total respondents. This indicates
that iPhones have a significant market share within the surveyed group,
overshadowing other brands. Based on this distribution table, it can be inferred that
among the given options, iPhones have the highest ownership and popularity,
followed by Samsung. The table does not provide information about the overall
market share or preferences beyond the given sample. However, within the
surveyed group, iPhones seem to be the dominant brand.
Compatibility Issues:
 Within smaller environments like classes or friend groups, knowing the types of
smartphones owned by each individual helps identify potential compatibility issues.
For example, if one person owns an iPhone and another person owns an Android
device, challenges may arise in sharing files, using specific apps, or communicating
seamlessly. Understanding the smartphone types within the group allows for finding
appropriate workarounds or alternative solutions to ensure compatibility and
smooth collaboration.

Technical Support and Troubleshooting:

In smaller environments, individuals often seek technical support or troubleshooting
assistance from their peers. Knowing the types of smartphones owned by classmates
is beneficial in providing effective assistance. Different smartphone models have
unique features, settings, and troubleshooting methods. By understanding the
specific smartphone types, individuals within the group can offer more targeted and
accurate support to address issues or concerns related to their devices. This reduces
the need for general or trial-and-error approaches, leading to quicker resolutions
and improved user experiences within the smaller environment.

Ultimately, despite how broad the question “What smartphone do you own?” is, the
question effectively provides a paramount insight into the preferences and
ownership status of the selected individuals. This furthermore strengthens our idea
and interpretations of the most popular smartphones and greatly assists in solving
the two major problems of compatibility issues and technical support and
troubleshooting. Therefore, the question's level of assistance in solving the two
major problems can be measured by an accurate percentage of 50%, as it may
provide necessary. outlook into the preferences of students

4. What is the advantage of using a Pareto chart to display your data over a regular
column graph?

A Pareto chart is a unique form of data display that offers significant advantages over
a regular column graph. It highlights the vital few, emphasising the most significant
factors or categories contributing to the majority of the effect. By prioritising actions
and resources based on the graph's insights, decision-making becomes more
focused. The inclusion of a cumulative line within the Pareto chart allows for a
cumulative analysis, showcasing the cumulative impact of different factors. The
graph's clear and concise presentation format facilitates effective communication of
insights to the constructors (Ahmad and Shehzar), aiding discussions and
collaboration. Overall, a Pareto graph helps identify key contributors, prioritises
efforts, and communicates information effectively.