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Part 1| Lean Six Sigma | QST BANK

What are the Lean principles?

Value, Value Streams, Value flow, Pull and Sustain (Specify Value, Identify Value Streams, Make
the Value flow, continue only when customer Pull and Sustain the improvement)

What is lean?
Lean is a methodology that helps improve the process speed and efficiency through waste
elimination and creating value flow. Waste is anything that does not add value to the product

What is Six Sigma?

Six Sigma is a statistical methodology that measures a process in terms of defects and focuses on
reducing defects and variation in the process to improve process accuracy and precision.

What is Sigma Value in statistic?

Sigma is a term used in statistics to represent Standard Deviation.

What is SIPOC?
SIPOC is a high level overview of the process that shows who is the supplier of process inputs, key
process steps and the customers who will receive the process output

Why do we use SIPOC in a project?

SIPOC helps identify key stakeholders from suppliers and customers based or process inputs and
output. This helps pick the right team for the improvement project.

1
What will you do if you receive customer feedback - VOC / VOP?
Using VOC, we do a critical to quality CTQ test to turn VOC into performance metrics.

What is the measure of central tendency?

Measure of central tendency - mean, mode and median gives the average of a dataset
Measures of central tendency give you the average for each response. (Optional)

Which distribution shows Mean, mode and median exactly the same?
Mean, mode and median are exactly the same in a Normal Distribution.

What does Measures of variability shows?

Measures of variability show the variation/spread or data dispersion in the dataset.

What are the 3 main types of descriptive statistics?

Frequency distribution, central tendency, and variability of a dataset are the 3 main types of
descriptive statistics

What is another name of Hypothesis testing?

Hypothesis testing is also known as significance testing.

What is Hypothesis testing?

Hypothesis testing is methods of testing a hypothesis/assumption/claim that is null hypothesis
against another assumption/claim - alternative hypothesis which will be accepted only if its
probability exceeds a predetermined significance level.
(Please suggest a best fit one liner to cut it short)

Which error is typically associated with false negative?

Type 2 error - occurs when a null hypothesis is retained even if it is false.

What is a type 1 error?

Type 1 error is when the null hypothesis is true and we reject it
Rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true

What is a type 2 error?

Type 2 error is when the null hypothesis is false and we fail to reject it
Not rejecting a null hypothesis when it is false

What is the difference between ACCURACY and PRECISION?

Accuracy is the level of closeness of the measurements to its accepted value
Accuracy reflects how close a measurement is to its true value. (Optional)
Precision is the closeness of the measurements to each other.

Why do we do transactional quality Audit?

We do accuracy check, precision check and prudence check

What is MSA Measurement system analysis?

Measurement System Analysis is used to see whether or not our measuring method is accurate.
MSA is to test Measurement system, its repeatability and reproducibility and to test its accuracy,
precision and stability to ensure that measurements are correct.
(Please suggest a best fit one liner to cut it short)

2
Can standard deviation be a negative number?
No. Squaring always gives a positive value so the sum will not be zero. In order to calculate the
standard deviation, we square the difference from the mean. Squaring adds more weight to the
larger/smaller distance to magnify their effect.
(Please suggest a best fit one liner to cut it short)

What is a standard deviation?

It is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of datapoints in a dataset
It is a measure of how spread out the data points is from the mean. (Optional)

What does the standard deviation tells you?

The standard deviation is the average amount of variability in your data set. It tells you, on
average, how far each score lies from the mean.

Can the range be a negative number?

No. Because the range formula subtracts the lowest number from the highest number, the range is
always zero or a positive number.

What are z-scores and t-scores?

It is the value that shows how far a data point is from the mean in a z/t-distribution.
z/t-score shows how many standard deviations away from the mean of the distribution a
datapoint or the observation is in a z/t-distribution.

Is percentage a discrete or continuous data?

Percentage data are often treated as continuous because the percentage can take on any value
from zero to 100%.

What is ANOVA - Analysis of Variance?

It is a statistical test to analyze the difference between the means of more than two groups.