Workshop on Improving the Integration of Gender Perspective into

Official Statistics, Chiba, Japan, 16-19 April 2013

Violence Against Women Survey

In Indonesia

Dwi Retno Wilujeng Wahyu Utami

Division Chief of Region Resilience Statistics

BPS – STATISTICS INDONESIA

1
Topics

 The 2006 Survey of Violence against

Women and Children in Indonesia

 The Planning of 2014 Survey of Violence

against Women in Indonesia

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The 2006
Survey of Violence against Women
and Children in Indonesia

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Data collection
 Type of data collection: module integrated in the 2006
National Socio Economic Survey (SUSENAS), using
special questionnaire
 Sample: 68,800 households
 Estimation level: province and national
 Method: Interview
 Interviewers: Susenas interviewers

 Target respondent:
 (1) Women: All women aged 18+ or ever married
women of aged less than 18
 (2) Children: Aged less than 18 years old and never
married.

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Sampling Design
 Two Stage Double Sampling Design for both urban and
rural areas
 First Stage, From 13.097 core cb selected 4.300 cb
were then selected by linear systematic for 2006
Violence against Women and Children Survey
 Second Stage, 16 household were then systematically
selected from the listing.
 From each selected hhs could be elected one or more
women depending on the existing of experiencing
violence

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Training and Interviewer
 Provided only one day training for VAW after 3 days of
SUSENAS training
 Aspect covered in the training were how to asking
questions, type, concep and definition of violence,
private place for victim
 Interviewer: mix men and women, but SUSENAS
interviewers dominated by man

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Types of Violence covered
1. Physical (such as: being beaten, tortured, etc)
2. Psychological (such as: being insulted, threatened,
etc)
3. Rape/sexual intercourse
4. Coercive abortion
5. Forced sex with non-partner
6. Other sexual violence
7. Neglected (not giving living)
8. Forced to work
9. Prohibition of work
10. Other economic violence
11. Trafficking of women, children and infants

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 Phrasing and Sequencing of
Questions
1. Where have experienced on violence during 2006?
(options: at home, outside home, at work, never)
2. During 2006, how many times have experienced
violence?(options: once, several times, almost every
month, almost every weeks, almost every day)
3. What is the most serious effect caused by the
violence? (options: injuri/disability, stress/depression,
recentment, material, others)

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 Phrasing and Sequencing of
Questions (cont)
4. The main reasons of violence? (options: economic
difficulties, not obedient, bad behavior, jelous)
5. To whom asking for protection/first report? (options:
family, police, NGO, religious/community leader, others,
not reported)
6. Who was provided the last recovery (options: hospital,
religious/community leader, NGO, others)
7. Who was the main perpetrators of violence (options:
husband/partner, parent, child/grand child, family, neighbor,
boss, co-worker, teacher, others)

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Main Challenges in Data Collection
 VAW survey interviews conducted after the
enumeration of SUSENAS questionnaires
 It is not easy to collect data on sensitive topics, such as
information about violence of women who are victims,
especially when the perpetrator is her husband
 Women and Children regard the domestic violence as
private matter, not for the public domain (taboo)

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 The Results
Figure 1. Woman Victim by Area (%)
3.08

3.07

3.06

Total Urban Rural

Total number of woman victims in 2006 was 2.3 million or 3. 07

percent. Victims of violence against women in rural areas are
higher than in urban areas (1.3 million versus 1.0 million)

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Figure 2. Women Victims by Type of Violence (%)

65.3 64.7 65.8

Total

Urban

Rural

25.3
23.3
20.7
17.9 17.7 18.0 18.2
16.2
14.5
12.8
11.3 10.2

Persecution Humiliation Harassment Neglect Others

Most violence type is humiliation. Nearly two out of three

women victims of violence in both urban and rural areas have
experienced in humiliation
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Figure 3. Violence against Women by The Worst
Consequence (%)
7.3
Others 6.5 Rural
6.9
Urban
9.9
Material 10.0 Total
10.0

71.0
Resentment 67.7
69.5

7.2
Stress/Depression 11.2
9.0

4.6
Wound/disabilities 4.6
4.6

The most effect received by the victim was resentment, reaching

69.5 percent. This is in line with the highest type of violence
experienced by victims is humiliation

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Figure 4. Women Victims by Crime Scene and Area

72.1
68
64.1

Urban
30.2 Rural
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24.4 Total

4.8
2.2 3.4 0.9 2.1 1.5

at home outside working place two place or more

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Figure 5. Violence against Women by The Major Cause (%)

34.2

25.8

13.6 14
12.5

Economic Non-compliant Bad Behavior Jealous Others

Difficulties

About one-third cases of violence against women is caused due

to economic difficulties. These factors become the main cause of
most violence against women.
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Figure 6. Violence against Women by Frequency of
Occurrence (%)
50.6

31.9

7.1 7.6
2.8

Once Several Times Almost Every Almost Every Almost

Month Week Everyday

Half of the number cases of violence against women occur over

several times. Only about one-third of the number of cases of
violence, done only once. This fact indicates that two-thirds of
cases of violence against women occur more than once.
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Table 1. Violence against Women by Perpetrator (%)

Subject Urban Rural Total

Husband 50.6 58.8 55.1
Parents/Parents in law 3.8 5.4 4.7
Children/Grandchildren 2.4 1.7 2.0
Family 4.9 5.2 5.0
Neighbor 17.9 21.0 19.6
Boss 3.6 1.6 2.5
Co-workers 4.4 1.7 2.9
Teacher 0.3 0.0 0.2
Others 12.1 4.6 8.0

Most of perpetrator of violence against women is someone

“close” to the victim. More than half (55.1 percent) violence
conduct by their husband .

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Figure 7. Violence against Women by The Place to
Ask for Protection (%)

Don't Know 4.4

Not Reported 54.9

Others 4.0

Religious/Community Figures 2.5

NGO/social worker 0.2

Police 1.9

Family 32.2

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 Figure 8. Women Victim by Province
Series 1
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

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Follow Up Study
 In 2007, on 16 regency/municipality of 8 provinces, with
the objectives are:
 To completed the information about the main reason of
violence,
 Get a picture about attitudes toward violence victims
that they had experienced
 Attempt of victim to find help
 Attempt of related institutions in handling the victim of
violence

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Follow Up Study (cont)
 In 2007, research on Evaluation of Implementation Law
No. 23/2004 on Domestic Violence Elimination
 Conducted in 5 provinces
 At 6 related institutions in district/municipality: women
empowerment bureau, health department, police,
hospital, Social department and NGO/legal aid

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Lesson Learned from 2006 VAW Survey
 VAW survey should be conducted as dedicated survey,
with specific training and specific interviewer
 Eligible respondent not women aged 18+, but should
woman aged 15-64 years and only elected one women
per household
 Used women interviewers
 Taking into account the sensitivity of the issue, not
elected 16 household per cencus block but reducing to
10 hhs per cencus block
 Should refer to safety of the respondent and ethical
behavior of interviewer

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 The Planning of 2014 Survey of
Violence against Women in Indonesia
 In 2012, developing the questionnaires and manual used
for 2014 VAW survey (adopting WHO methodology)
 In 2013, instrumen testing in 4 regency/municipality
 In 2014,VAW survey that will cover 24 provinces with
9.000 samples, interview using handheld/PDA
 Financial Supporting by UNFPA

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