MODULE 4 ESAT 8.

Approximately how long is each side of a cubical quad antenna

1. A dipole transmitting antenna, placed so that the ends are driven element for 21.4 MHz?
pointing North/South, radiates:
0.36 meters (1.17 feet)
mostly to the South and North 14.33 meters (47 feet)
equally in all directions 143 meters (469 feet)
mostly to the East and West 3.54 meters (11.7 feet)
mostly to the South
9. Approximately how long is each side of a cubical quad antenna
2. How does the bandwidth of a folded dipole antenna compare driven element for 14.3 MHz?
with that of a simple dipole antenna?
5.36 meters (17.6 feet)
It is essentially the same 21.43 meters (70.3 feet)
It is greater 53.34 meters (175 feet)
It is less than 50% 7.13 meters (23.4 feet)
It is 0.707 times the bandwidth
10. Approximately how long is each leg of a symmetrical delta loop
3. What is a disadvantage of using an antenna equipped with antenna driven element for 28.7 MHz?
traps?
3.5 meters (11.5 feet)
It can only be used for one band 2.67 meters (8.75 feet)
It is too sharply directional at lower frequencies 7.13 meters (23.4 feet)
It must be neutralized 10.67 meters (35 feet)
It will radiate harmonics
11. Which statement about two-element delta loops and quad
4. What is an advantage of using a trap antenna? antennas is true?

It minimizes harmonic radiation They are effective only when constructed using insulated wire
It may be used for multiband operation They compare favorably with a three-element Yagi
It has high gain They perform poorly above HF
It has high directivity at the higher frequencies They perform very well only at HF

5. The "doublet antenna" is the most common in the amateur
service. If you were to cut this antenna for 3.75 MHz, what
would be its approximate length?
75 meters (245 ft.)
38 meters (125 ft.)
45 meters (145 ft.)
32 meters (105 ft.)
6. What is a cubical quad antenna?
A center-fed wire 1/2-electrical wavelength long
Two or more parallel four-sided wire loops, each
approximately one-electrical wavelength long
A vertical conductor 1/4- electrical wavelength high, fed at the
bottom
Four straight, parallel elements in line with each other, each
approximately 1/2- electrical wavelength long
12. Compared to a dipole antenna, what are the directional radiation
characteristics of a cubical quad antenna?
The quad has less directivity in the horizontal plane but more
directivity in the vertical plane
The quad has less directivity in both horizontal and vertical planes
The quad has more directivity in the horizontal plane but less
directivity in the vertical plane
The quad has more directivity in both horizontal and vertical planes
13. Moving the feed point of a multielement quad antenna from a
side parallel to the ground to a side perpendicular to the ground will
have what effect?
It will change the antenna polarization from vertical to horizontal
It will significantly increase the antenna feed point impedance
It will change the antenna polarization from horizontal to vertical
It will significantly decrease the antenna feed point impedance

7. What is a delta loop antenna?
A type of cubical quad antenna, except with triangular
elements rather than square
An antenna made from several triangular coils of wire on an
insulating form
A large copper ring or wire loop, used in direction finding
An antenna system made of three vertical antennas, arranged
in a triangular shape
14. What does the term "antenna front-to-back ratio" mean in
reference to a delta loop antenna?
The power radiated in the major radiation lobe compared to the
power radiated in exactly the opposite direction
The power radiated in the major radiation lobe compared to the
power radiated 90 degrees away from that direction
The relative position of the driven element with respect to the
reflectors and directors
The number of directors versus the number of reflectors
15. The cubical "quad" or "quad" antenna consists of two or
more square loops of wire. The driven element has an increasing the height of the radiating element
approximate overall length of: shortening the radiating element
lowering the radiating element
three-quarters of a wavelength lengthening the radiating element
two wavelengths
one wavelength 23. The speed of a radio wave:
one-half wavelength
is always less than half speed of light
16. The delta loop antenna consists of two or more triangular is infinite in space
structures mounted on a boom. The overall length of the driven is the same as the speed of light
element is approximately: varies directly with frequency

one-half of a wavelength 24. At the end of suspended antenna wire, insulators are used. These
two wavelengths act to:
one wavelength
one-quarter of a wavelength allow the antenna to be more easily held vertically
limit the electrical length of the antenna
17. The front-to-back ratio of a beam antenna is: increase the effective antenna length
prevent any loss of radio waves by the antenna
the ratio of the maximum forward power in the major lobe to
the maximum backward power radiation 25. To lower the resonant frequency of an antenna, the operator
undefined should:
the forward power of the major lobe to the power in the
backward direction both being measured at the 3 dB points center feed it with TV ribbon feeder
the ratio of the forward power at the 3 dB points to the power ground one end
radiated in the backward direction lengthen it
shorten it
18. If an antenna is made longer, what happens to its resonant
frequency? 26. The figure in a receiver's specifications which indicates its
sensitivity is the:
It stays the same
It increases audio output in watts
It disappears signal plus noise to noise ratio
It decreases number of RF amplifiers
bandwidth of the IF in kilohertz
19. If an antenna is made shorter, what happens to its resonant
frequency? 27. If two receivers of different sensitivity are compared, the less
sensitive receiver will produce:
It decreases
It increases less signal or more noise
It disappears more signal or less noise
It stays the same more than one signal
a steady oscillator drift
20. The velocity of propagation of radio frequency energy in
free space is: 28. Which of the following modes of transmission is usually detected
with a product detector?
186 000 kilometers per second
300 000 kilometers per second Double sideband full carrier
3000 kilometers per second Single sideband suppressed carrier
150 kilometers per second Frequency modulation
Pulse modulation
21. Adding a series inductance to an antenna would:
29. A receiver designed for SSB reception must have a BFO (beat
increase the resonant frequency frequency oscillator) because:
have no change on the resonant frequency
have little effect it beats with the received carrier to produce the other sideband
decrease the resonant frequency it reduces the passband of the IF stages
it phases out the unwanted sideband signal
the suppressed carrier must be replaced for detection

22. The resonant frequency of an antenna may be increased by:

30. A receiver receives an incoming signal of 3.54 MHz, and the 37. What can be done to keep a CW transmitter from chirping?
local oscillator produces a signal of 3.995 MHz. To which
frequency should the IF be tuned? Add a key-click filter
missing
7.435 MHz Keep the power supply current very steady
455 kHz Keep the power supply voltages very steady
3.54 MHz
3.995 MHz 38. What circuit has a variable-frequency oscillator connected to a
driver and a power amplifier?
31. What kind of filter would you use to attenuate an interfering
carrier signal while receiving an SSB transmission? A packet-radio transmitter
A crystal-controlled transmitter
An all pass filter A VFO-controlled transmitter
A band pass filter A single-sideband transmitter
A notch filter
A pi-network filter 39. What type of modulation system changes the amplitude of an RF
wave for the purpose of conveying information?
32. The three main parameters against which the quality of a
receiver is measured are: Frequency modulation
Amplitude modulation
sensitivity, stability and crossmodulation Phase modulation
sensitivity, selectivity and image rejection Amplitude-rectification modulation
selectivity, stability and frequency range
sensitivity, selectivity and stability 40. In what emission type does the instantaneous amplitude
(envelope) of the RF signal vary in accordance with the modulating
33. A communications receiver has four filters installed in it, one audio?
at 250 Hz, one at 500 Hz, one at 2.4 kHz, and one at 6 kHz. If you
were listening to single sideband, which filter would you utilize? Frequency modulation
Frequency shift keying
6 kHz Pulse modulation
250 Hz Amplitude modulation
2.4 kHz
500 Hz 41. Morse code is usually transmitted by radio as:

34. A communications receiver has four filters installed in it, one an interrupted carrier
at 250 Hz, one at 500 Hz, one at 2.4 kHz and one at 6 kHz. You a continuous carrier
are copying a CW transmission and there is a great deal of a voice-modulated carrier
interference. Which one of the filters would you choose? a series of key-clicks

500 Hz 42. A mismatched antenna or feedline may present an incorrect load

2.4 kHz to the transmitter. The result may be:
250 Hz
6 kHz the driver stage will not deliver power to the final
the output tank circuit breaks down
35. Selectivity can be placed in the audio stages of a receiver by excessive heat produced in the final transmitter stage
the utilization of RC active or passive audio filters. If you were to loss of modulation in the transmitted signal
copy CW, which of the following bandpasses would you choose?
43. One result of a slight mismatch between the power amplifier of a
100 - 1100 Hz transmitter and the antenna would be:
300 - 2700 Hz
750 - 850 Hz lower modulation percentage
2100 - 2300 Hz radiated key-clicks
smaller DC current drain
36. What does chirp mean? reduced antenna radiation

An overload in a receiver's audio circuit whenever CW is 44. An RF oscillator should be electrically and mechanically stable.
received This is to ensure that the oscillator does not:
A small change in a transmitter's frequency each time it is
keyed generate key-clicks
A slow change in transmitter frequency as the circuit warms up cause undue distortion
A high-pitched tone which is received along with a CW signal become over modulated
drift in frequency
 impact avalanche and transit time
45. The input power to the final stage of your transmitter is 200
watts and the output is 125 watts. What has happened to the 53. YIG stands for:
remaining power?
Yttrium-Iron-Germanium
It has been used to provide negative feedback Yttrium-Iron-Gallium
It has been used to provide positive feedback Yttrium-Iron-Garnet
It has been dissipated as heat loss none of the above
It has been used to provide greater efficiency
54. In broadcast super heterodyne receiver, the
46. The difference between DC input power and RF output
power of a transmitter RF amplifier: mixer input must be tuned to the signal frequency
local oscillator frequency is normally double the IF
is lost in the feed line local oscillator operates below the signal frequency
appears as heat dissipation RF amplifier normally works at 455KHz above the carrier frequency
radiates from the antenna
is due to oscillating 55. To prevent overloading of the last IF amplifier in the receiver, one
should use
47. What may happen if an SSB transmitter is operated with the
microphone gain set too high? squelch
variable sensitivity
Correct! variable selectivity
It may cause splatter interference to other stations operating double conversion
near its frequency
It may cause interference to other stations operating on a 56. A super heterodyne receiver with an IF of 450KHz is tuned to a
higher frequency band signal at 1200KHz. The image frequency is
It may cause atmospheric interference in the air around the
antenna 750KHz
It may cause digital interference to computer equipment 900KHz
2100KHz
48. TWT stands for: 1650KHz

Traveling-Wave Transmission 57. In a radio detector

Transverse-Wave Tube
Transverse Wave Transmission
Traveling-Wave Tube
49. An "isolator" is a device that:
allows a signal to pass in one direction only
isolates frequencies in a waveguide
separates signals among various ports
prevents microwaves from leaking out of a waveguide
50. A "circulator" is a device that:
separates signals among various ports
allows a signal to pass in one direction only
prevents microwaves from being "trapped" in a waveguide
rotates signal polarity in a waveguide
51. GaAs stands for:
gallium arsenide
none of the above
gallium assembly
gallium astenite
the circuit is the same as in a discriminator, except that the diodes
are reversed
stabilization against signal strength variations is provided
the linearity is worse than in phase discriminator
the output is twice that obtainable from a similar phase
discriminator
58. The typical squelch circuit cuts off
RF interference when the signal is weak
an audio amplifier when the carrier is absent
an IF amplifier when the AGC is maximum
an IF amplifier when the AGC is minimum
59. Indicate the false statement in connection with the
communications receivers.
The noise limiter cuts off the receiver’s output during a noise pulse.
Variable sensitivity is used to eliminate selective fading
A product demodulator could be used for the reception of morse
code
Double conversion is used to improve image rejection

52. IMPATT stands for: 60. The controlled oscillator synthesizer is sometimes preferred to
the direct one because
none of the above
implied power at transmission terminal it does not require crystal oscillators
induced mobility at transmission time it is simpler piece of equipment
 it is relatively free of spurious frequencies
its frequency stability is better
61. The frequency generated by each decade in a direct
frequency synthesizer is much higher than the frequency
shown; this is done to
reduce the number of crystal required
increase the frequency stability of the synthesizer
reduce the spurious frequency problem
reduce the number of decades
62. Indicated which of the following circuits could not
demodulate SSB.
BFO
Phase discriminator
Balance modulator
Product detector
63. If an FET is used as the first AF amplifier in a transistor
receiver, this will have the effect of
improving the effectiveness of the AGC
improving the selectivity of the receiver
reducing the effect of negative peak clipping
reducing the effect of noise at low modulation depths
64. Indicate the false statement. The super heterodyne receiver
replaced the TRF receiver because the latter suffered from
inadequate selectivity at high frequencies
instability
gain variation over the frequency coverage range
insufficient gain and sensitivity
65. The image frequency of a super heterodyne receiver
is not rejected by the IF tuned circuits
is due to insufficient adjacent channel rejection
is created within the receiver itself
is independent of the frequency to which the receiver is tuned
66. One of the main functions of the RF amplifier in a super
heterodyne receiver is to
provide improved tracking
increase the tuning range of the receiver
permit better adjacent-channel rejection
improve the rejection of the image frequency
67. A receiver has poor IF selectivity. It will therefore also have
poor
double spotting
sensitivity
diversity reception
blocking
68. Three-point tracking is achieved with
double spotting
the padder capacitor
double conversion
variable selectivity
69. The local oscillator of a broadcast receiver is tuned to a frequency
higher that the incoming frequency
to allow adequate frequency coverage without switching
to help the image frequency rejection
to permit easier tracking
because otherwise an intermediate frequency could not be
produced
70. If the intermediate frequency is very high (indicate the false
statement)
tracking will be improved
image frequency rejection is very good
the selectivity will be poor
the local oscillator needs to be extremely stable
71. A low ratio of the AC to the DC load impedance of a diode
detector results in
poor AGC operation
negative-peak clipping
diagonal clipping
poor AF response
72. One of the following cannot be used to demodulate SSB.
diode balance modulator
product detector
complete phase-shift generator
bipolar transistor balance modulator
73. Indicate the false statement. Nothing that no carrier is
transmitted with J3E, we see that
the transmission is not compatible with A3E
production of AGC is rather complicated process
the receiver cannot use a phase comparator for AFC
adjacent-channel rejection is more difficult
74. When the receiver has good blocking performance, this means
that
it does not suffer from double spotting
it is unaffected by AGC derived from nearby transmission
its detector suffers from burnout
its image frequency rejection is poor
75. An AM receiver uses a diode detector to demodulation. This
enables it satisfactorily to receive
Single sideband, full carrier
single sideband, reduced carrier
single sideband, suppressed carrier
ISB
76. Which radio wave attributes allow AM to travel over a mountain,
while FM or TV signals are blocked?
 radius of the conductors
Deflection dielectric
Refraction velocity of energy on the line
Reflection
Correct! 84. Any length of transmission line may be made to appear as an
Diffraction infinitely long line by:

77. In CATV technology, which type of distortion whereby increasing the standing wave ratio above unity
amplitude modulation of one signal causes incidental amplitude leaving the line open at the end
modulation to another signal shorting the line at the end
terminating the line in its characteristic impedance
cross modulation
composite triple beat 85. What factors determine the characteristic impedance of a
composite triple beat parallel-conductor antenna feed line?
sideband distortion
The distance between the centers of the conductors and the radius
78. If you install a 6-meter Yagi antenna on a tower 50 meters of the conductors
from your transmitter, which of the following feed lines is best? The frequency of the signal and the length of the line
The distance between the centers of the conductors and the length
RG-58 of the line
RG-174 The radius of the conductors and the frequency of the signal
RG-59
RG-213 86. What factors determine the characteristic impedance of a coaxial
antenna feed line?
79. Why should you regularly clean, tighten and re-solder all
antenna connectors? The diameter of the braid and the length of the line
The diameter of the braid and the frequency of the signal
To help keep their resistance at a minimum The frequency of the signal and the length of the line
To keep them from getting stuck in place The ratio of the diameter of the inner conductor to the diameter of
To keep them looking nice the braid
To increase their capacitance
87. What is a coaxial cable?
80. What commonly available antenna feed line can be buried
directly in the ground for some distance without adverse A center wire inside an insulating material which is covered by a
effects? metal sleeve or shield
Two wires side-by-side in a plastic ribbon
75 ohm twin-lead Two wires side-by-side held apart by insulating rods
Coaxial cable Two wires twisted around each other in a spiral
600 ohm open-wire
300 ohm twin-lead 88. What is parallel-conductor feed line?

81. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is: A metal pipe which is as wide or slightly wider than a wavelength of
the signal it carries
the ratio of the power supplied to the line to the power Two wires side-by-side held apart by insulating rods
delivered to the termination Two wires twisted around each other in a spiral
the dynamic impedance of the line at the operating frequency A center wire inside an insulating material which is covered by a
the impedance of a section of the line one wavelength long metal sleeve or shield
equal to the pure resistance which, if connected to the end of
the line, will absorb all the power arriving along it 89. What kind of antenna feed line is made of two conductors held
apart by insulated rods?
82. A transmission line differs from an ordinary circuit or
network in communications or signaling devices in one very Coaxial cable
important way. That important aspect is: Twisted pair
propagation delay Twin lead in a plastic ribbon
inductive reactance Open-conductor ladder line
resistance
capacitive reactance 90. What does the term "balun" mean?

83. The characteristic impedance of a parallel wire transmission Balanced unmodulator

line does not depend on the: Balanced to unbalanced
Balanced unloader
center to center distance between conductors Balanced antenna network

91. Where would you install a balun to feed a dipole antenna
with 50-ohm coaxial cable?
Between the coaxial cable and the ground
Between the antenna and the ground
Between the coaxial cable and the antenna
Between the transmitter and the coaxial cable
92. What is an unbalanced line?
Feed line with both conductors connected to each other
Feed line with one conductor connected to ground
Feed line with neither conductor connected to ground
Feed line with both conductors connected to ground
93. What device can be installed to feed a balanced antenna
with an unbalanced feed line?
A triaxial transformer
A balun
A loading coil
A wavetrap
94. A flexible coaxial line contains:
You can make it at home, and its impedance matches most amateur
antennas
It is weatherproof, and its impedance is higher than that of most
amateur antennas
99. What is the best antenna feed line to use, if it must be put near
grounded metal objects?
Coaxial cable
Ladder-line
Twisted pair
Twin lead
100. What are some reasons not to use parallel-conductor feed line?
It does not work well when tied down to metal objects, and it
cannot operate under high power
You must use an impedance-matching device with your transceiver,
and it does not work very well with a high SWR
Correct!
It does not work well when tied down to metal objects, and you
must use an impedance- matching device with your transceiver
It is difficult to make at home, and it does not work very well with a
high SWR

only one conductor

four or more conductors running parallel
braid and insulation around a central conductor
two parallel conductors separated by spacers

95. A balanced transmission line:

has one conductor inside the other

carries RF current on one wire only
is made of one conductor only
is made of two parallel wires

96. A 75-ohm transmission line could be matched to the 300

ohm feedpoint of an antenna:

with an extra 250 ohm resistor

by inserting a diode in one leg of the antenna
by using a 4 to 1 balun
by using a 4 to 1 trigatron

97. What kind of antenna feed line can be constructed using

two conductors which are maintained a uniform distance apart
using insulated spreaders?

75-ohm twin-lead
Coaxial cable
600 ohm open-wire
300-ohm twin-lead

98. Why does coaxial cable make a good antenna feed line?

It is weatherproof, and its impedance matches most amateur

antennas
It can be used near metal objects, and its impedance is higher
than that of most amateur antennas