MODULE 1 (ESAT)

1. Which of the following is not a part of a complete antenna system?

feeder
coupling device
antenna
director

2. Which of the following is not a factor in determining the type, size, and shape of the antenna?
amount of power to be radiated
general direction of the receiving set
frequency of operation of transmitter
characteristic impedance of the transmission line used

3. The property of interchangeability of the same antenna for transmitting and receiving is known as _____
antenna reversal
antenna duplexing
antenna duplexing
antenna reciprocity

4. What is the term used to identify the points of high current and high voltage on an antenna?
loop
low
node
high

5. What is the term used to identify the points of minimum current and minimum voltage on an antenna?
node
high
low
loop

6. The ratio between the amounts of energy propagated in these directions compared to the energy that would be propagated if the
antenna were not directional is known as __________
power density
antenna beamwidth
antenna gain
antenna reciprocity

7. What type of antenna can be used if communications must take place from a moving vehicle?
helical antennas
horn antennas
horizontal antennas
vertical antennas

8. What type of polarization does VHF and UHF transmission use?

circular
elliptical
vertical
horizontal

9. What type of polarization does MF and HF transmission use?

horizontal
vertical
elliptical
circular

10. This refers to a type of radiation that radiate energy equally in all direction
bidirectional radiation
isotropic radiation
unidirectional radiation
anisotropic radiation
11. This refers to the assumed resistance that would dissipate the same amount of power that the antenna takes to radiate the energy.
 ohmic resistance
feedpoint resistance
antenna resistance
radiation resistance

12. Radiation resistance is always measured at _____________

current loop
current node
voltage loop
voltage node

13. What is the radiation resistance of an antenna in free space that is entirely removed from any objects that might affect its operation?
5 ohms
27 ohm
73 ohms
100 ohms

14. Which of the following is NOT an indication that a person has received a severe electric shock?
the skin is burned
rigor mortis
skin is pale blue
pulse is very weak or absent

15. This refers to a plot of the radiated energy from an antenna.

radiation pattern
lobes
footprint
beamwidth

16. This refers to the range of frequencies over which the antenna can operate correctly.
frequency width
beamwidth
Correct!
bandwidth
frequency spectrum

17. This refers to the ability of an antenna to focus energy in a particular direction when transmitting, or to receive energy from a
particular direction when receiving.
gain
polarization
spatial orientation
directivity

18. In an antenna radiation pattern, this refers to a zone in which the effective radiated power is at a minimum.
null
major lobes
sidelobes
minor lobes

19. Which of the following is not true about the grounded end of the quarter-wave antenna?
has a high impedance
has low voltage
has high current
has a low input impedance

20. What is the purpose of a ground screen in vertical quarter-wave antennas?

All of these are correct
reduce losses in the ground in the immediate vicinity of the antenna
prevents electric shock for personnel working under the antenna
serves as protection of the antenna from contaminants in the ground
21. This serves the same purpose as the ground screen, but it is usually elevated above the earth and used when the earth is not a good
conducting surface, such as ground that is sandy or solid rock.
 counter-helix
counterpoise
culling blade
elevator

22. Which of the following describes the physical arrangement of a ground screen?
It is composed of a series of insulators arranged in a rectangular fashion and placed flat on the Earth surface that serves as the stand for
the vertical antenna.
It is composed of a series of conductors arranged in a grid manner and placed around the antenna for protection.
It is composed of a series of insulators arranged in a circular fashion and placed flat on the Earth surface that serves as the stand for the
vertical antenna.
It is composed of a series of conductors arranged in a radial pattern and buried 1 to 2 feet below the ground.

23. This refers to an ordinary half-wave antenna that has one or more additional conductors connected across its ends.
folded dipole
turnstile antenna
loop antenna
half-wave dipole

24. An element of an antenna array that similar to the dipole and is connected directly to the transmission line.
parasitic
director
reflector
driven

25. An element of antenna array that is not connected to the transmission line but located near the driven element from which it gets its
power. It is placed close enough to the driven element to permit coupling
driven
parasitic
director
reflector

26. A low pass filter in an HF station is most effective when connected:

as close as possible to the antenna tuner output
as close as possible to the antenna midway between the transceiver and antenna
missing
as close as possible to the transceiver output

27. A low pass filter in an HF station is most effective when connected:

as close as possible to the linear amplifier output
missing
as close as possible to the antenna tuner output
as close as possible to the antenna

28. A low pass filter in an HF station is most effective when connected:

as close as possible to the linear amplifier output
as close as possible to the antenna
as close as possible to the linear amplifier input
as close as possible to the antenna tuner output

29. In designing an HF station, which component would you use to reduce the effects of harmonic radiation?
Dummy load
Low pass filter
Antenna switch
SWR bridge

30. Which component in an HF station is the most useful for determining the effectiveness of the antenna system?
Linear amplifier
SWR bridge
Antenna switch
Dummy load
31. Of the components in an HF station, which component would normally be connected closest to the antenna, antenna tuner and
dummy load?
SWR bridge
Low pass filter
Antenna switch
Transceiver

32. Of the components in an HF station, which component would be used to match impedances between the transceiver and antenna?
Antenna switch
Antenna tuner
SWR bridge
Dummy load

33. In an HF station, which component is temporarily connected in the tuning process?

Antenna tuner
Dummy load
Low pass filter
SWR bridge

34. In an HF station, the antenna tuner is usually used for matching the transceiver with:
mono-band Yagi type antennas
most antennas when operating below 14 MHz
tri-band Yagi antennas
most antennas when operating above 14 MHz

35. In an HF Station, the antenna tuner is commonly used:

with most antennas when operating below 14 MHz
with most antennas when operating above 14 MHz
to tune into dummy loads
to tune low pass filters

36. In a frequency modulation transmitter, the input to the speech amplifier is connected to the:

power amplifier
frequency multiplier
modulator
microphone

37. In a frequency modulation transmitter, the microphone is connected to the:

oscillator
power amplifier
speech amplifier
modulator

38. In a frequency modulation transmitter, the is in between the speech amplifier and the oscillator.
frequency multiplier
microphone
power amplifier
modulator

39. In a frequency modulation transmitter, the is located between the modulator and the frequency multiplier.
oscillator
power amplifier
microphone
speech amplifier

40. In a frequency modulation transmitter, the is located between the oscillator and the power amplifier.
microphone
speech amplifier
modulator
frequency multiplier
41. In a frequency modulation transmitter, the is located between the frequency multiplier and the antenna.
modulator
speech amplifier
oscillator
power amplifier

42. In a frequency modulation transmitter, the power amplifier output is connected to the:
microphone
modulator
frequency multiplier
antenna
43. In a frequency modulation receiver, the is connected to the input of the radio frequency amplifier.
limiter
antenna
frequency discriminator
mixer

44. In a frequency modulation receiver, the is in between the antenna and the mixer.
audio frequency amplifier
radio frequency amplifier
intermediate frequency amplifier
high frequency oscillator

45. In a frequency modulation receiver, the output of the high frequency oscillator is fed to the:
limiter
antenna
mixer
radio frequency amplifier

46. In a frequency modulation receiver, the output of the is connected to the mixer.
intermediate frequency amplifier
frequency discriminator
speaker and/or headphones
high frequency oscillator

47. In a frequency modulation receiver, the is in between the mixer and the intermediate frequency amplifier.
limiter
radio frequency amplifier
filter
frequency discriminator

48. The microwave frequency range is considered to start at:

10 GHz
100 MHz
100 GHz
1 GHz

49. The UHF range is:

inside the microwave range
same as the microwave range
above the microwave range
below the microwave range

50. The dominant mode of a waveguide depends on:

the power level of the signal
none of the above
the point of signal injection
the shape of the waveguide

51. The dominant mode of a rectangular waveguide is:

TM10
 TE01
TM01
TE10

52. The dominant mode of a circular waveguide is:

TM01
TE01
TE11
TM11

53. Circular waveguides use TM01 mode because:

it is dominant
it is more efficient
of its circular symmetry
it is the only mode possible
54. The FM detector exhibits a more pronounced threshold effect than the AM envelope detector. The threshold point in FM detection
occurs if the signal power is nearly _____ times the noise power
ten
two
four
three

55. AM stands for:

Angle Modulation
Antenna Modulation
Amplitude Modulation
Audio Modulation

56. The "envelope" of an AM signal is due to:

the amplitude signal
none of the above
the baseband signal
the carrier signal

57. If the audio Va sin(ωat) modulates the carrier Vc sin(ωct), then the modulation index, m, is:
m = (Va / Vc)2
m = Va / ωa
m = ωa / ωc
m = Va / Vc

58. Overmodulation causes:

splatter
none of the above
both A and B
distortion

59. The peak voltage of an AM signal goes from Emax to Emin. The modulation index, m, is:
m = Emax / Emin
m = (Emax – Emin) / (Emax + Emin)
m = Emin / Emax
m = (Emax + Emin) / (Emax – Emin)

60. At 100% modulation, the total sideband power is:

half the carrier power
1.414 x carrier power
twice the carrier power
equal to the carrier power

61. If a 5-kHz signal modulates a 1-MHz carrier, the bandwidth of the AM signal will be:
10 kHz
 none of the above
1.005 MHz
5 kHz

62. If an AM radio station increases its modulation index, you would expect:
all of the above
the received RF signal to increase
the signal-to-noise ratio to increase
the audio to get louder at the receiver

63. The modulation index can be derived from:

both A and B
the frequency-domain signal
the time-domain signal
none of the above

64. The main problem in using quadrature AM would be:

incompatibility with ordinary AM radios
requires too much bandwidth
requires too much power
all of the above
65. As compared to plain AM, SSB AM:
all of the above
requires less bandwidth
is more efficient
requires a more complex demodulator circuit

66. The SC in SSB SC stands for:

sideband-carrier
single-carrier
suppressed-carrier
none of the above

67. PEP stands for:

Peak Efficiency Power
Peak Envelope Power
none of the above
Peak Envelope Product

68. If an SSB transmitter radiates 1000 watts at peak modulation, what will it radiate with no modulation?
500 watts
0 watts
1000 watts
250 watts

69. Music on AM radio stations is "low-fidelity" because:

all of the above
commercial AM stations have a narrow bandwidth
AM is susceptible to noise
commercial AM stations use low power

70. The type of information that can be sent using AM is:

audio
video
digital data
all of the above

71. Two tones modulate an AM carrier. One tone causes a modulation index of m1 and the other tone causes a modulation index of m2.
The total modulation index is:
(m1 + m2) / 2
sqrt(m1m2 + m2m1)
 m1 + m2
sqrt(m12 + m22)

72. To demodulate a USB SSB signal, the receiver must:

none of the above
be set to USB mode
reinsert the carrier
both a and b

73. If the plate supply voltage for a plate modulated class C amplifier is V, the maximum plate-cathode voltage could be almost as high as
4V
3V
2V
V

74. In a low-level AM system, amplifiers following the modulated stage must be

non linear devices
harmonic devices
class C amplifiers
linear devices

75. If the carrier of a 100 percent modulated AM wave is suppressed, the percentage power saving will be
150
100
66.66
50
76. Leak type bias is used in a plate modulated class C amplifier to
prevent excessive grid current
increase the bandwidth
prevent tuned circuit damping
prevent over modulation

77. The output stage of a television transmitter is most likely to be a

grid modulated class C amplifier
plate modulated class C amplifier
screen modulated class C amplifier
grid modulated class A amplifier

78. This is defined as a device designed to guide electrical energy from one point to another.
antenna
waveguide
conductor
transmission line

79. If an infinitely long transmission line could be used, the ratio of voltage to current at any point on that transmission line would be
some particular value of impedance. This impedance is known as the ________.
load impedance
constant impedance
characteristic impedance
input impedance

80. This line consists of two wires that are generally spaced from 2 to 6 inches apart by insulating spacers. This type of line is most often
used for power lines, rural telephone lines, and telegraph lines.
two-wire open line
twisted pair
coaxial line
shielded pair

81. A type of transmission line is commonly used to connect a television receiving antenna to a home television set.
twin lead
 coaxial line
twisted pair
shielded pair

82. A type of transmission the line consists of two insulated wires twisted together to form a flexible line without the use of spacers
twisted pair
shielded pair
coaxial line
twin lead

83. A type of transmission line consists of parallel conductors separated from each other and surrounded by a solid dielectric
shielded pair
twin lead
twisted pair
coaxial line

84. Whenever current flows through one of these conductors, some energy is dissipated in the form of heat. This heat loss is a power loss
and referred to as ___________.
copper loss
radiation loss
induction loss
dielectric loss

85. A loss in transmission line that results from the heating effect on the dielectric material between the conductors.
dielectric loss
copper loss
induction loss
radiation loss

86. A loss in transmission line that occurs when the electromagnetic field about a conductor cuts through any nearby metallic object.
dielectric loss
induction loss
copper loss
radiation loss

87. A loss in transmission line that occurs because some magnetic lines of force about a conductor do not return to the conductor when
the cycle alternates
induction loss
dielectric loss
radiation loss
copper loss

88. A transmission line is considered to be electrically short when:

its electrical length is short compared to a λ/4 of the energy it is to carry
its physical length is short compared to a λ/2 of the energy it is to carry
its physical length is short compared to a λ/4 of the energy it is to carry
its electrical length is short compared to a λ/2 of the energy it is to carry

89. What happens when a dc voltage is sent through an open-ended transmission line?
Voltage is reflected without change amplitude or shape but has change in polarity
Voltage is reflected without change amplitude or polarity but has change in shape
Voltage is reflected without change in polarity, amplitude, or shape
Voltage is reflected without change polarity or shape but has change in amplitude

90. In an open-ended transmission line ___________

Current is reflected with opposite polarity and with change in amplitude or shape.
Current is reflected with same polarity and without change in amplitude or shape.
Current is reflected with same polarity and with change in amplitude or shape.
Current is reflected with opposite polarity and without change in amplitude or shape.

91. In a short-circuited transmission line ___________

The reflected voltage has the same polarity and amplitude as the incident wave.
 The reflected voltage has the opposite polarity but the same amplitude as the incident wave.
The reflected voltage has the opposite polarity and lesser amplitude as the incident wave.
The reflected voltage has the same polarity and lesser amplitude as the incident wave.

92. What can you say about the reflected current in a short-circuited transmission line?
The reflected current has the opposite polarity and the same amplitude as the incident current.
The reflected current has the opposite polarity and the lesser amplitude as the incident current.
The reflected current has the same polarity and the lesser amplitude as the incident current.
The reflected current has the same polarity and the same amplitude as the incident current.

93. A line that is either infinitely long or terminated in its characteristic impedance
short-circuited line
nonresonant line
open-circuited line
resonant line

94. Which of the following is NOT true for resonant lines?

Resonant lines have presence of standing waves
Resonant lines are also called as flat lines
Resonant lines are not terminated by their characteristic impedance.
Resonant lines have finite length

95. On an open-ended resonant line, at all odd λ/4 points,

voltage and current are both maximum
voltage is maximum and current is minimum
voltage is minimum and current is maximum
voltage and current are both minimum

96. On an open-ended resonant line, at all even λ/4 points,

voltage and current are both maximum
voltage is maximum and current is minimum
voltage and current are both minimum
voltage is minimum and current is maximum
97. This refers to the measurement of maximum voltage (current) to minimum voltage (current) on a transmission line and measures the
perfection of the termination of the line.
standing wave ratio
reflection coefficient
characteristic impedance
resonant frequency

98. This refers to a logarithmic ratio measured in dB that compares the power reflected by the antenna to the power that is fed into the
antenna from the transmission line.
return loss
antenna efficiency
reflection coefficient
standing wave ratio

99. This refers to a miniature quick connect / disconnect connector that features two bayonet lugs on the female connector, and mating
is achieved with only a quarter turn of the coupling nut.
BNC connector
SMB connector
TNC connector
SMA connector

100. These are precision, subminiature units that provide excellent electrical performance up to 18 GHz. These high-performance
connectors are compact in size and mechanically have outstanding durability.
SMA connector
TNC connector
BNC connector
SMB connector