1. Differentiate Positivism and Postcolonialism.

Positivism and Post-colonialism are the two school of thoughts in dealing with history.
Positivism is the school of thought in which there should be an objective and empirical evidence
before one can claim if a knowledge or events in the past is true. In positivism, one should be
objective and impartial. Positivism is a “no record, no history” school of thought. On the other
hand, post-colonialism is the school of thought that deals with the aftermath of colonization. It
focuses on decolonized nations and their struggles of creating their sense of identities and
understanding their societies. The method of post-colonialism is asking those who were victims
of the colonial past of their own accounts and records of history. Positivism is objective and
based on evidence while post-colonialism is from the point of view or personal experience of
those who were victimized.

2. Explain and justify the statement, "To remain ignorant of history is to remain forever a
child." - by Cicero.
“To remain ignorant of history is to remain forever a child” means that if we are ignorant of the
things that happened before, we can never learn something and thus, we become a clueless
human being who does not know what to do just like a child. To remain ignorant of history is to
remain a child forever because we do not allow ourselves to learn, grow, and empower
ourselves with knowledge. Learning history is an important aspect for human beings to learn
and to evolve. Without a sense of historical understanding, we are just merely existing and
cluelessly wandering around in this vast world without knowing and understanding how we
were able to reach at this certain point. This statement of Cicero is simply reminding us how
important it is to learn history in order to evolve as rational beings.