【120题】NAQT Mini 2023

NAQT Mini Tournament
Questions
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2. The question packet will list all equivalent (followed with “or”) or acceptable (followed with “accept”) alternate answers.
The minimal information for a correct answer is underlined.
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1. This man may have landed at either Samana Cay or Watling Island, which he called
San Salvador. This Genoese-born “Admiral of the Ocean Sea” led a fleet that
consisted of the (*) Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria. For 10 points—name this explorer
who sailed across the Atlantic in 1492.
answer: Christopher Columbus
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1. For 10 points each—name these chemical elements found in Earth's atmosphere:

A. The most common element in the atmosphere is this one, which plants convert into
ammonia.
answer: nitrogen or N or N2
B. This second most common element is bound to hemoglobin in the blood.
answer: oxygen or O or O2
C. There's also a minute amount of this gas discovered in the Sun. Its buoyancy makes it
ideal for use in blimps.
answer: helium (or He)
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2. This organelle [OR-guh-NEL] is where oxidative phosphorylation [AHK-sih-DAY-tiv FOS-foh-rih-LAY-

shun] takes place. NAD+ [“N-A-D plus”] is reduced to NADH [“N-A-D-H”] in the Krebs cycle in
this organelle. The inner part of this organelle contains (*) cristae [KRIS-tee] that
increase its surface area for generating ATP [“A-T-P”]. For 10 points—name this
“powerhouse” of the cell.
answer: mitochondrion [“MY”-toh-KAHN-dree-un] or mitochondria [“MY”-toh-KAHN-dree-uh]
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2. This deity had two sons named Magni and Modi [MOH-dee]. For 10 points each—
A. Name this Norse god of thunder, who was slated to kill the Midgard Serpent at
Ragnarok.
answer: Thor
B. Thor wielded this hammer, which never missed its target when Thor threw it at
something.
answer: Mjölnir
C. Thor was the son of this god, who was also the father of Balder [“balder”] by his wife Frigg.
answer: Odin [OH-din] (or Wotan)
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3. This man's works in the key of C minor include his Coriolan [KOR-ee-uh-lan] Overture, his
Pathétique [pah-tay-TEEK] piano sonata, and an 1808 work that begins with three rapid Gs
and an E flat, his (*) Fifth Symphony. For 10 points—name this German whose Ninth
Symphony ends with an “Ode to Joy.”
answer: Ludwig van Beethoven
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3. The taxonomic hierarchy is made up of a series of ranks, or levels, the largest of which is
the domain. For 10 points each—
A. Two creatures belong to the same group at this lowest level if their mating can produce
fertile offspring.
answer: species
B. Examples of this rank between kingdom and class include Annelida [AN-nah-LID-ah] and
Chordata [“core”-DAH-ta].
answer: phylum [FYE-lum] (or phyla)
C. Groups at this rank typically have names that end in ”-idae” [“I-D-A-E”] for animals or ”-
aceae” [“A-C-E-A-E”] for plants.
answer: family (or families)
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4. This god killed Typhon and became an eagle to kidnap his cupbearer Ganymede.
One of his daughters was born from his forehead, and he imprisoned his father
Cronus in Tartarus to assume power. (*) For 10 points—name this father of Athena, a
sky god and king of Olympus.
answer: Zeus
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4. Alexander Lukashenko [LOO-kah-SHEN-koh] is the longtime president of this country, which

is often described as “Europe's last dictatorship.” For 10 points each—
A. Name this Eastern European country governed from Minsk.
answer: Belarus [BEH-luh-ROOSS] (or Republic of Belarus or Respublika Byelarus)
B. Belarus's southern border is with this country, whose capital of Kiev lies on the Dnieper
[NEE-pur] River.
answer: Ukraine (or Ukrayina)
C. Belarus received most of the nuclear fallout following an explosion in 1986 at this
nuclear power plant in Ukraine.
answer: Chernobyl [chur-NOH-bul] Nuclear Power Plant (accept Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Nuclear
Power Plant)
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5. This equation first appeared in the 1905 paper “Does the Inertia of a Body Depend
Upon Its Energy Content?”, the fourth of its creator's “Annus Mirabilis” [AH-noos mih-RAH-
bih-liss] papers. (*) For 10 points—name this equation, relating a body's energy to its mass
and the speed of light, proposed by Albert Einstein.
answer: E = mc2 [“E equals m c squared”]
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5. Stars that have fulfilled this role include Thuban [THOO-ban] and Vega. For 10 points
each—
A. Name this “star” important to ship's navigators; the current one is Polaris [poh-“LAIR”-uss].
answer: North(ern) Star or Pole Star
B. Polaris is at the end of the tail in this constellation also known as the Little Dipper.
answer: Ursa Minor or Little Bear
C. Pole stars change due to the Earth's rotation. Around 3000 BC the pole star was
Thuban, part of this ”dragon” constellation.
answer: Draco [DRAY-koh]
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6. This war caused in part from impressment of U.S. sailors ended two weeks before
Andrew Jackson fought the Battle of New Orleans. Known as “Mr. (*) Madison's
War,” it was ended by the Treaty of Ghent. For 10 points—name this war against Great
Britain named for an early 19th-century year.
answer: War of 1812
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6. Bob Ewell attacks this novel's narrator after her father destroys Ewell's credibility during
a trial. For 10 points each—
A. Name this novel in which the lawyer Atticus Finch defends Tom Robinson.
answer: To Kill a Mockingbird
B. To Kill a Mockingbird is by this author, whose novel Go Set a Watchman was published in
2015.
answer: (Nelle) Harper Lee
C. The character of Dill in To Kill a Mockingbird is based on this author of Breakfast at
Tiffany's, who was a friend of Harper Lee. Lee helped this man with research for his
book In Cold Blood.
answer: Truman (Garcia) Capote [kuh-POH-tee] (or Truman Streckfus Persons)
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7. Characters in this novel include Mayella Ewell [may-YEH-luh YOO-will], whose father Bob
breaks into Judge Taylor's home and attacks the children Jem and Scout before being
killed by (*) Boo Radley. For 10 points—name this novel that features a lawyer named
Atticus Finch, a work by Harper Lee.
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7. For 10 points each—answer the following about the painting Guernica [gair-NEE-kuh]:
A. The painting was created by an artist from this country. The destruction of a Basque
village in this country inspired the painting.
answer: Spain (or Kingdom of Spain or Reino de España)
B. This artist, who painted The Old Guitarist during his blue period, created Guernica.
answer: Pablo Picasso (or Pablo (Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de
los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad) Ruiz y Picasso)
C. One of these animals flails in pain in the middle of the painting. It is directly below the
light bulb in the shape of an eye.
answer: horses
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8. Until 1946 this country was ruled by the Savoy family, which expanded their rule out
of Piedmont aided by Count Cavour during its Risorgimento. It later invaded
Albania and (*) Ethiopia. For 10 points—name this country that signed a Lateran
Treaty with the Vatican City, which it surrounds.
answer: (Kingdom of) Italy (or Regno d'Italia)
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8. Ernest Hemingway popularized the term “Lost Generation” for people who grew up
during a certain war. For 10 points each—
A. Name that war featured in the novels All Quiet on the Western Front and A Farewell to
Arms.
answer: World War I (or First World War; prompt on “Great (War)”)
B. Hemingway credited the term to this American writer, art collector, and companion of
Alice B. Toklas [TOKE-lus] who spent most of her life in France.
answer: Gertrude Stein
C. Stein's most famous saying is probably the tautology that this certain flower is itself,
thrice over.
answer: rose (accept a rose is a rose is a rose is a rose)
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9. This artist's works include studies of Rouen cathedral and a painting of boats at Le
Havre, Impression: Sunrise, that gave its name to the (*) movement he helped found,
Impressionism. For 10 points—what French painter depicted his garden pond at
Giverny [ZHEE-vehr-nee] in his series Water Lilies?
answer: Claude Monet
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9. One way to define this type of mathematical thing is to list all of its elements between
curly braces. For 10 points each—
A. Name this mathematical concept, an unordered collection of elements.
answer: sets (accept set union)
B. This word refers to the number of elements a set has, or its “size.”
answer: cardinality
C. This is the name of the set with no elements. It can be notated as a circle with a slash
through it.
answer: empty set (accept null set)
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10. This singer provided the theme to Free Willy, the song “Will You Be There” from his
Dangerous album. In a 1983 video set as a horror film he (*) dances with zombies.
For 10 points—name this moonwalking star of This is It, the singer of “Billie Jean,” “Beat
It,” and “Thriller.”
answer: Michael (Joseph) Jackson
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10. This structure was designed as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. For 10 points
each—
A. Name this wrought-iron structure whose namesake engineer also helped to design the
Statue of Liberty.
answer: Eiffel Tower (or Tour Eiffel)
B. The Eiffel Tower is in this European capital city. A 2019 fire damaged parts of the roof
of this city's Notre-Dame [noh-truh dahm] Cathedral.
answer: Paris
C. The name of the god Mars and this French word meaning “field” identify a large grassy
area next to the Eiffel Tower. With ”Élysées [EH-lee-SEHS],” this word names a prominent
avenue in Paris.
answer: champ [shahmp] (accept Champ de Mars or Champs-Élysées)
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10. This author's first novel centers on Amory Blaine, a student at Princeton who this
author based on himself. This man wrote the novel This Side of Paradise in part to
impress his future wife (*) Zelda. For 10 points—what author created Nick Carraway
and Daisy Buchanan in The Great Gatsby?
answer: F. Scott Fitzgerald (or Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald)
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11. For 10 points each—name these particles:

A. The count of these positively charged particles in the nucleus determines an element's
atomic number.
answer: protons
B. An element's atomic mass equals the total count of its protons and this other particle.
answer: neutrons
C. Protons and neutrons are each made up of three of these particles; among their six
varieties are ”up” and ”down.”
answer: quarks
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12. This city saw anti-Mexican tensions result in the Zoot Suit Riot, while a 1965 riot
erupted in its Watts neighborhood. A 1992 riot here erupted after the acquittal of
police who beat (*) Rodney King. For 10 points—name this California city whose
districts include San Fernando and Hollywood.
answer: Los Angeles or L.A.
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12. One of this novel's two major plots focuses on the courtship and marriage of Konstantin
Levin and Kitty Shcherbatskaya [shurr-baht-SKY-uh]. For 10 points each—
A. Name this Russian novel whose married title character has an affair with Count Vronsky
before committing suicide by throwing herself under a train.
answer: Anna Karenina [AH-nuh kah-REH-nih-nuh]
B. Anna Karenina was written by this author of War and Peace.
answer: Leo Tolstoy [“TOLL”-stoy] (or Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy)
C. Anna Karenina's oft-quoted opening line asserts that “happy” examples of these groups
are all alike, while “unhappy” ones are each unhappy in their own way.
answer: families (or family; accept happy families or unhappy families)
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13. This substance, which when pure has a pH of 7.0, is known as the universal solvent.
Ninety-seven percent of Earth's supply of this substance cannot be consumed by
humans. (*) Aquifers [AH-kwih-furz] are underground sources of—for 10 points—what
substance with chemical formula H2O [“H-two-O”]?
answer: water (accept H2O before “H2O”)
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13. One of its sequels was the 1886 novel Jo's Boys. For 10 points each—
A. Name this novel which features Meg, Beth, and Amy March.
answer: Little Women
B. Little Women was written by this author of Flower Fables and Eight Cousins.
answer: Louisa May Alcott
C. Jo marries this German professor who lives in Mrs. Kirke's boarding house and helps to
raise his nephews, Franz and Emil.
answer: Friedrich (”Fritz”) Bhaer [“bare”] (accept any underlined portion)
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14. This text claims that knowing oneself lets one succeed one hundred times without
trouble and that the title concept is based on deception. It says that the most skillful
person is one who wins without (*) fighting. For 10 points—name this Chinese guide
to military strategy by Sun Tzu.
answer: The Art of War(fare) (accept Sun Zi Bing Fa or The Thirteen Chapters)
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14. This man's most famous work begins with five axioms and five postulates. For 10
points each—
A. Name this ancient Greek mathematician who developed geometry in The Elements.
answer: Euclid [YOOK-lid] (of Alexandria) (or Eukleides)
B. Non-Euclidean geometries modify this fifth postulate of The Elements, which concerns
the possible relationship between a line and another line through a point not on the first
line.
answer: parallel postulate
C. Euclid is the namesake of an algorithm for finding this function of two numbers, the
largest number that is a factor of both of them.
answer: greatest common divisor or GCD [“G-C-D”] (or greatest common factor or GCF [“G-C-F”];
accept highest or largest in place of greatest; do not accept or prompt on “greatest
common denominator”)
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15. These particles form so-called ”cathode rays,” and they are also called ”beta
particles.” The transfer of these particles between (*) atoms underlies nearly all
chemical reactions. For 10 points—name these negatively charged particles that orbit
outside the atomic nucleus.
answer: electrons
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15. This emperor legendarily ordered many Confucian scholars to be buried alive. For 10
points each—
A. Name this first emperor of a unified China. His mausoleum is guarded by the life-size
Terracotta Army.
answer: Qin Shi Huang [chin shur hwahng] or Shi Huangdi [shur hwahng-dee] (or Shih Huang-ti or
Zhao Zheng; prompt on “Qin” or “Shi” or “Huang(di)” by themselves)
B. As emperor, Qin Shi Huang ordered various structures be unified to create this massive
fortification on China's northern border.
answer: Great Wall of China (or Wanli Changcheng)
C. The Great Wall of China helped regulate and protect this trade route, which was named
for a fiber sent from China to the west.
answer: Silk Road (or Silk Route)
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16. These warm-blooded creatures store food in a crop and grind food in a gizzard. The
earliest example of them is likely Archaeopteryx [AR-kee-AHP-tuh-riks], and they are closely
related to (*) dinosaurs. For 10 points—name this biological class whose members lay
eggs, have wings, and include canaries.
answer: birds (or avians or Aves)
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16. Pulley Ridge is one of these structures near Florida. For 10 points each—
A. Name these underwater calcium carbonate structures common in shallow tropical
waters that can be classified as “barrier.”
answer: coral reefs (prompt on partial answer; prompt on “barrier reef(s)”)
B. This reef-dwelling fish is often yellow or orange with white bars. “Fire” and “white
bonnet” are two species of these fish that live in sea anemones.
answer: clownfish or Amphiprioninae (prompt on “anemone fish”)
C. Species of these echinoderms [uh-KYE-nuh-durms] found in reefs include “banded sea,” “red
slate pencil,” and the sand dollar. Many have protective protrusions.
answer: sea urchins or Echinoidea
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17. This figure's “Corner” titles a 1928 work. In 2009 David Benedictus wrote a book in
which this character joins new character Lottie the Otter and goes searching for (*)
honey. For 10 points—name this resident of the Hundred Acre Wood, a bear created
by A. A. Milne.
answer: Winnie the Pooh (accept either underlined portion)
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17. It produces bile, which aids in digestion. For 10 points each—

A. Name this largest internal organ, which receives blood from the hepatic [huh-PAA-tik] artery.
answer: liver
B. The liver stores large amounts of this vitamin, also called retinol [RET-“in-all”]. A
deficiency of it can cause night blindness.
answer: vitamin A
C. Liver disorders often cause this condition in which a person's skin and eyes become
yellow.
answer: jaundice [JAWN-dus]
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18. The trace of the “identity” type of this math object is a sum of ones. A “square” one
is only invertible if its determinant is not zero. Transposing a square one simply
flips its elements across its main (*) diagonal. For 10 points—name this math entity
with rows and columns.
answer: matrix (or matrices)
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18. This poem asserts that “Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard / Are sweeter.”
For 10 points each—
A. Name this poem about an object from antiquity that is described as a “still unravish'd
bride of quietness.”
answer: Ode on a Grecian Urn
B. This British poet, who also wrote an “Ode to a Nightingale,” wrote the “Ode on a
Grecian Urn.”
answer: John Keats
C. Keats's other poems include one that describes this season, which is said to be one of
“mists and mellow fruitfulness.” It ends with an image of “gathering swallows” who
“twitter in the skies.”
8
answer: autumn (accept To Autumn; accept fall)
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19. This language often uses Swing to create interfaces. It has a garbage collector and
runs on a virtual machine. It is used to write (*) applets that run in web browsers.
For 10 points—name this Sun Microsystems-created programming language whose
name derives from slang for coffee.
answer: Java
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19. These people were led in the 10th century by Richard the Fearless. For 10 points each—
A. Name this people who settled in northern France. They carried out a namesake
“conquest” of England under William the Conqueror.
answer: Normans (accept Normandy or Norman Conquest)
B. William's troops killed England's king Harold Godwinson at this battle in 1066, paving
the way for the Norman Conquest.
answer: Battle of Hastings
C. Harold was the last pre-Norman king known by a term that combines “Anglo” with the
name of this Germanic people, who began migrating to England in the 5th century.
answer: Saxons (accept Anglo-Saxons)
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20. Sigismund III [“the third”] was a 17th-century king of a joint commonwealth of this nation
and Lithuania. Prussia and Russia partitioned its lands, but it reemerged after World
War I led by Jozef (*) Pilsudski. For 10 points—name this country whose
independence was solidified by the 1920 Battle of Warsaw.
answer: Republic of Poland (or Rzeczpospolita Polska; accept Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth before “Lithuania”)
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20. For 10 points each—name these parts of the eye:

A. This colored part of the eye controls the size of the pupil.
answer: iris
B. This transparent eye part that covers the iris has no blood supply and helps the lens
refract light.
answer: cornea [KOR-nee-uh]
C. Rods and cones are the photoreceptor cells that line this inner surface of the eye.
answer: retina [RET-in-uh]
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21. By the Leibniz [LYBE-nitz] formula, this value is four times the sum of the series starting
“one minus one-third plus one-fifth minus one-seventh.” Its transcendental nature
makes it impossible to (*) ”square the circle.” For 10 points—what irrational number
equals circumference over diameter for a circle?
answer: pi
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21. This is the mathematical term for a collection of distinct objects. For 10 points each—
A. Give this three-letter word.
answer: set
B. For two sets A and B, this is the set of all elements that belong to either A or B.
answer: union (of A and B)
C. This set contains all elements that belong to both A and B. If it is empty then A and B
are disjoint.
answer: intersection (of A and B)
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22. The history of this novel's title character, Erik, is told by a man known only as “The
Persian.” Erik falls in love with a young Swedish immigrant, Christine Daaé [dye-ay],
and becomes her “Angel of (*) Music” at the Paris Opera House. For 10 points—name
this Gaston Leroux [luh-roo] novel about a deformed genius.
answer: The Phantom of the Opera (or Le Fantôme de l'Ópera)
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22. One of the title characters of this novel is a boy named Tom Canty. For 10 points
each—
A. Name this novel set in 16th-century England, which centers on two boys who swap
places.
answer: The Prince and the Pauper
B. This American novelist, whose real name was Samuel Clemens, wrote The Prince and the
Pauper.
answer: Mark Twain
C. Twain also wrote an 1876 novel about the adventures of this boy, who testifies against
Injun Joe at Muff Potter's trial.
answer: Tom Sawyer (accept either underlined portion; accept The Adventures of Tom
Sawyer)
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23. This country's army built a wall around its enemies at Alesia [uh-LEE-zhuh] and
constructed a huge earthen ramp to reach the Jewish fortress of Masada. Officers
called tribunes and centurions led its (*) legions. For 10 points—name this ancient
empire whose generals included Marius and Julius Caesar.
answer: Roman Empire (accept Rome or Roman Republic or Roman civilization)
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23. This quantity can be calculated as a line's ”rise” over its ”run.” For 10 points each—
A. Name this geometric quantity.
answer: slope
B. If the equation for a line is written y equals mx plus b, then m is the slope and b is this
other quantity.
answer: y-intercept (prompt on “intercept”; prompt on “where it crosses the x-axis” or
similar answers)
C. The product of a line's slope and the slope of its perpendicular bisector is always this
integer.
answer: –1 (do not accept or prompt on “1”)
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24. This public company is funded by a licensing fee administered by the Capita Group.
This company's namesake “world service” is available in over 40 languages. A Royal
Charter established this company, which produces (*) Doctor Who. For 10 points—
name this national U.K. TV service.
answer: BBC (or British Broadcasting Corporation)
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24. The truncated square tiling has one square and two of this shape at each vertex. For 10
points each—
A. Name this eight-sided polygon seen on stop signs.
answer: octagon
B. Each of the eight exterior angles of a regular octagon measures how many degrees?
answer: 45 degrees
C. The regular octagon is cyclic, meaning one of these circles can be drawn outside the
polygon such that the circle touches all eight vertices.
answer: circumscribed circle (accept circumscribing circle)
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25. In one story this man hides in a bank vault and finds John Clay digging. In another
he helps Henry Baskerville uncover a plot that threatens his estate. He lives at (*)
221 B Baker Street. For 10 points—name this Arthur Conan Doyle detective assisted by
Doctor Watson.
answer: Sherlock Holmes (accept either underlined portion)
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25. For 10 points each—name these comedies by William Shakespeare:

A. Oberon [OH-buh-ron] and Titania, King and Queen of the Fairies, appear in this play in
which Nick Bottom is given a donkey's head.
answer: A Midsummer Night's Dream (do not accept or prompt on ”(A) Midsummer's
Night Dream”)
B. Petruchio [peh-TROO-kee-yoh] gets Katherine, the title woman, to fall in love with him in this
play.
answer: The Taming of the Shrew
C. This play, which features the heroic Portia, is considered one of Shakespeare's comedies
despite its anti-Semitic portrayal of Shylock.
answer: The Merchant of Venice
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26. This Asian country was led until 1960 by Syngman Rhee, an anti-communist who
favored northward expansion. 1987 reforms led to the election of Roh Tae-woo [noh
tay-woo]. A 1953 armistice created the (*) Demilitarized Zone at the northern frontier
of—for 10 points—what U.S. ally governed from Seoul?
answer: South Korea (or Republic of Korea or ROK or Taehan-min'guk or Han'guk; prompt
on “Korea”; do not accept or prompt on “North Korea” or “Democratic People's
Republic of Korea”)
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26. Mycology [mye-KAH-luh-jee] is the study of these organisms. For 10 points each—
A. Name this kingdom that includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
answer: fungi [“FUN-guy” or FUN-jye] (or funguses)
B. Many fungi reproduce using these cells that differ from seeds in that seeds generally
include more stored food.
answer: spores
C. Lichens [LYE-kenz] are fungi that combine with algae or bacteria, an example of this kind of
relationship in which both organisms benefit.
answer: mutualism (accept symbiosis)
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27. This writer described the bookcase Mr. Voskuijl built and imagines a trip to
Switzerland spending 150 guilders. Her bedroom is papered with movie posters but
she must sit (*) still when the plumber is working. For 10 points—name this girl who
wrote a diary while hiding in Amsterdam.
answer: Anne Frank (or Annelies Marie Frank)
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27. The peacock was a symbol of this Greek deity. For 10 points each—
A. Name this queen of the Greek gods, whose Roman equivalent was Juno.
answer: Hera
B. Hera was the wife of this Greek deity, who was the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea
[RAY-uh].
answer: Zeus
C. This crippled god of fire was the son of Hera and Zeus. His Roman equivalent was
Vulcan.
answer: Hephaestus [heh-FESS-tuss]
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28. The Oort Cloud's radius is about one of this unit of distance. One parsec equals 3.26
times this distance, which in turn is equivalent to 5.88 (*) trillion miles. For 10
points—name this unit of distance that denotes how far a photon moves while the Earth
completes one orbit.
answer: light-year
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28. While swinging at a playground, she met and eventually befriended Severus [Seh-veh-
russ] Snape. For 10 points each—
A. Name this woman who, along with her husband James, was murdered by Lord
Voldemort.
12
answer: Lily Potter (accept Lily Evans; prompt on “Potter”)
B. Lily gave a fishbowl containing a flower that transformed into a fish to this Professor,
who returned to Hogwarts to succeed Snape as potions master.
answer: Horace Slughorn
C. Harry sees Lily in this Hogwarts object that shows people what they want. It was the
final protection of the Sorcerer's Stone.
answer: Mirror of Erised [whose name is “desire” backwards]
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29. This man's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems compared Solar System
models. He improved Hans Lippershey's invention, found that Venus exhibited
phases, and observed Callisto and (*) Io. For 10 points—what Italian scientist found
four moons of Jupiter with a refracting telescope?
answer: Galileo Galilei
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29. In mythology, Boreas and Zephyrus embodied two of these phenomena. For 10 points
each—
A. The Beaufort [BOH-furt] scale measures what weather phenomenon that becomes strong in
squalls?
answer: winds
B. These easterly winds near the equator take storms from Africa to North America. Their
name refers to a “path,” not the merchants who relied on them.
answer: trade winds
C. Bangladesh is often flooded during these winds from the southwest that bring heavy
rains.
answer: monsoons
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30. This American author wrote about the noble Prospero [“prosper”-oh] who tries to escape a
plague in “The Masque of the Red Death.” He also wrote about Roderick and
Madeline's home in “The (*) Fall of the House of Usher.” For 10 points—name this
author of “The Gold Bug” and “The Raven.”
answer: Edgar Allan Poe
<265552>
30. For 10 points each—name these people who filmed subtle cameos in Star Wars movies:
A. This British prince, who married Meghan Markle in 2018, filmed a cameo for The Last
Jedi that was eventually cut during editing.
answer: Prince Harry (or Harry, Duke of Sussex)
B. In The Force Awakens, the stormtrooper whom Rey convinces to release her from
captivity was played by this current portrayer of James Bond.
answer: Daniel (Wroughton) Craig
C. This composer of the iconic Star Wars theme briefly appears in a bar in The Rise of
Skywalker.
answer: John (Towner) Williams
<520792>
13
31. This country was the site of a 1934 purge called the Night of the Long Knives. This
country's Weimar [VYE-marr] Republic fell to a party that called itself “National
Socialist” and established a (*) Third Reich. For 10 points—what country was ruled
until 1945 by Adolf Hitler?
answer: Germany (or Deutschland)
<289279>
31. For 10 points each—give the terms for these types of angles:
A. This name is given to a pair of angles whose measures sum to 90 degrees.
answer: complementary angles
B. This describes congruent angles opposite each other across the intersection of two lines,
such as those in an “X” shape.
answer: vertical angles
C. This term refers to angles that measure between 90 and 180 degrees.
answer: obtuse angle
<266344>
32. In this novel, the body of a dead pilot is mistaken as evidence of the existence of “The
Beast.” Later, Simon hallucinates a talking pig head, and (*) Piggy is murdered by a
boulder that also breaks the conch. For 10 points—name this novel about boys
marooned on an island, by William Golding.
answer: Lord of the Flies
<289869>
32. In 1779 this explorer was killed by Native Hawaiians after trying to kidnap their king.
A. Name this British explorer who circumnavigated New Zealand and became the first
European to visit Australia's eastern coast.
answer: (Captain) James Cook
B. Cook made landfall in Australia in this bay, which was originally called Stingray Bay
but was renamed after distinctive plant specimens were collected there.
answer: Botany Bay
C. During his first voyage to Australia, Cook's ship Endeavor ran aground on this natural
wonder, the world's largest coral reef.
answer: Great Barrier Reef
<531939>
14
33. In vertebrates, this structure may have an anterior projection called an alula [“AL”-oo-luh].
The nine species of moa [MOH-uh] are the only birds known to entirely (*) lack these
structures that are homologous [huh-MAH-luh-gus] to those in bats. For 10 points—name
these specialized appendages most often used for flight.
answer: wings
<531132>
33. For 10 points each—name these planets:

A. Triton is this planet's largest moon. Its other moons, including Proteus and Thalassa,
have names associated with the sea.
answer: Neptune
B. Temperatures reach 800 degrees Fahrenheit on this planet closest to the Sun.
answer: Mercury
C. This planet's atmosphere is 78 percent nitrogen by volume, while its crust is mostly
oxide compounds. Its mean distance from the Sun is 93 million miles.
answer: Earth
<266210>
34. Belgian priest Georges Lemaître [zhorzh luh-meh-truh] proposed this scientific theory two
years after the establishment of Hubble's law. The epoch of inflation began 10 to the
minus 36 (*) seconds after this theory's namesake start. For 10 points—name this
theory about the formation of the universe.
answer: Big Bang Theory
<276974>
34. The speaker of this poem finds himself in a “yellow wood,” where he is confronted with
a decision. For 10 points each—
A. Name this poem, whose speaker opted for a route “less traveled by,” which “has made
all the difference.”
answer: The Road Not Taken
B. This American poet of “Mending Wall” wrote “The Road Not Taken.”
answer: Robert (Lee) Frost
C. This other poem by Frost is written in iambic tetrameter, and features a horse who
“gives his harness bells a shake / To ask if there is some mistake.”
answer: Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
<278019>
35. This man gave a speech that ended with the words “Thank God Almighty, we are free
at last!” He was shot in Memphis by James Earl Ray in 1968. The first president of
the (*) Southern Christian Leadership Conference was—for 10 points—what civil rights
leader who gave the “I Have a Dream” speech?
answer: Martin Luther King Jr. (accept MLK)
<278330>
15
35. This metaphor was introduced in a book of ethical philosophy titled The Theory of Moral
Sentiments. For 10 points each—
A. Identify this two-word concept that economists use to describe how an individual's self-
interested actions can have unexpected social benefits.
answer: invisible hand
B. This Scottish economist discussed the invisible hand in his book The Wealth of Nations.
answer: Adam Smith
C. The invisible hand was a key concept in a theory of political economy based on free
markets and minimal regulation, commonly known by this two-word French term that
translates as “let do.”
answer: laissez-faire [lay-zay “fair”]
<526294>
36. In this play, The Murder of Gonzago is shown to provoke a reaction. It begins with
Marcellus telling Horatio about the ghost of a murdered Elsinore castle king that a
prince resolves to see. The “To (*) be or not to be” speech appears in—for 10 points—
what Shakespeare play set in Denmark?
answer: Hamlet (or The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark)
<261269>
36. The different levels in these networks are known as trophic [TROH-fik] levels, with primary
producers at the bottom. For 10 points each—
A. Name these networks that show a sequence of organisms that eat each other.
answer: food chains (or food webs or food cycles)
B. The top of a food chain is occupied by the “apex” type of these organisms that eat prey.
answer: predators (accept apex predators)
C. This apex predator is a shark which, as its name suggests, is the largest extant species of
fish.
answer: whale shark (or Rhincodon typus)
<531741>
37. This landmass's highest points include Valkyrie Dome in Queen Maud [MAHD] Land.
This continent is bordered by the Weddell [WEH-dull] Sea, the (*) Amundsen [AH-mund-sehn]
Sea, and the Ross Sea. A namesake “circle” of latitude nearly completely encloses—for
10 points—what continent that contains the Earth's South Pole?
answer: Antarctica
<531127>
37. This woman, who was born in Poland but lived for a long time in France, discovered
radium [RAY-dee-im] and polonium [puh-LOH-nee-um]. For 10 points each—
A. Name this woman who won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre.
answer: Marie Curie (or Maria Salomea Sklodowska; accept Madame Curie)
B. The curie, named in honor of Pierre and Marie Curie, is one unit that measures this kind
of decay often associated with nuclear waste.
answer: radioactive decay or radioactivity
C. Radioactivity is often characterized by this quantity, the time it takes for 50% of the
atoms in a sample to decay.
answer: half-life
<276668>
16
38. Pencil and paper ready. Heidi rolls a standard, six-sided die 3 times, and needs to
know the probability that all 3 rolls show an even number. Since 2, 4, and 6 are all
even numbers, and each roll is independent, she finds (*) —for 10 points—what
probability of 3 consecutive even numbers?
answer: 1/8 or 0.125 or 12.5% or 1 in 8 [2, 4, and 6 are even numbers, so 3 of the 6 numbers
on the die are even, and each roll thus has a 3/6 = 1/2 chance of showing an even
number. Since each roll is an independent event, the probability that all rolls show an
even number is (1/2)3 = 1/8.]
<531392>
38. For 10 points each—answer the following about monarchs called “the Great”:
A. This king of Macedon [MASS-ih-don] earned the epithet “the Great” after 13 years of
conquest, resulting in his 4th-century BC empire stretching from Greece to India.
answer: Alexander the Great (or Alexander III of Macedon or Aléxandros ho Mégas)
B. Enlightenment-era Russia was ruled by this “great” Russian empress, who came to
power after overthrowing her husband Peter III [“the third”].
answer: Catherine the Great (or Catherine II of Russia or Yekaterina Velikaya or Yekaterina
II or Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg)
C. This Anglo-Saxon, who united the medieval kingdoms of England against Viking
invaders in the 9th century, is the earliest British ruler known as “the Great.”
answer: Alfred the Great (or Alfred (I) of Wessex)
<531683>
39. During the first part of this man's reign, he shared power with his brother Ivan V
[“the 5th”]. He defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, and required his nobles
to cut their beards. (*) For 10 points—name this Russian ruler who founded a namesake
capital on the Baltic and is known as “the Great.”
answer: Peter the Great or Peter I Romanov (or Pyotr I) [The capital referred to is St.
Petersburg.]
<278012>
39. Some of this work's chapters include “The Queen's Croquet Ground,” “Advice from a
Caterpillar,” and “Down the Rabbit Hole.” For 10 points each—
A. Name this 1865 novel whose characters include the Knave of Hearts, Bill the Lizard, and
the Dormouse.
answer: Alice in Wonderland or Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
B. This Alice in Wonderland character holds a tea party with the Mad Hatter. He is a
personal messenger for the White King in Through the Looking Glass.
answer: March Hare (prompt on partial answer)
C. This sad character tries to tell a story about being at school in the sea, but is interrupted
by the Gryphon [GRIFF-on] so they can play a game.
answer: The Mock Turtle (prompt on partial answer)
<280271>
17
40. Danish biochemist Søren Sørenson defined this quantity as the negative logarithm of
concentration of the hydrogen ion, helping to simplify concentration ranges across
wide ranges. (*) For 10 points—name this measure of a liquid being an acid or base
often said to be “neutral” at 7.
answer: pH (prompt on “acidity” before “acid”)
<315144>
40. Approximately eight-ninths of the atomic weight of a molecule of water consists of this
element. For 10 points each—
A. Name this element with atomic number eight.
answer: oxygen (or O)
B. This molecule, made of three oxygen atoms, is an air pollutant in the lower atmosphere,
but blocks potentially harmful UV [“U-V”] radiation in a namesake layer of the upper
atmosphere.
answer: ozone (accept ozone layer; prompt on “trioxygen” or “O3”)
C. This term refers to different forms of the same element, such as O2 [“O-two”] and ozone.
For phosphorus, these forms include “red” and “white.”
answer: allotropes [AL-uh-trohps]
<278228>
41. Before coming to power, this man edited the newspaper Pravda. While in power he
ran an archipelago of forced labor camps called gulags and had rival Leon (*) Trotsky
exiled and assassinated. For 10 points—what “man of steel” ruled the Soviet Union
until his 1953 death?
answer: Joseph Stalin (or Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili)
<278162>
41. Jean Moulin [zhahn moo-LAN], a prominent leader of this movement, was tortured to death
by Klaus Barbie. For 10 points each—
A. Name this movement of underground operatives who defied Nazi control of occupied
France.
answer: French Resistance (or La Résistance; do not accept or prompt on “Free French” or
“French Forces of the Interior”)
B. The Resistance came into being after this future French president gave the “Appeal of
June 18” radio address in 1940.
answer: Charles de Gaulle [sharl duh “GOAL”] (or Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle; do not
accept or prompt on “Gaulle”)
C. The Resistance fought against this collaborationist regime led by Philippe Pétain [fih-leep
pay-tan] that governed southern France until 1944.
answer: Vichy [VEE-shee] France (or Vichy regime or Vichy government; prompt on “French
State” or ”État français”)
<531151>
42. The first edition of this collection included only twelve selections, though the 1892
“Deathbed Edition” had 400. It includes such poems as “From Pent-Up Aching
Rivers,” “I Sing the Body Electric,” and (*) “Song of Myself.” For 10 points—name
this collection of poems by Walt Whitman.
answer: Leaves of Grass
18
<277835>
42. For 10 points each—name these quantities that can be measured in water:
A. This measure of the dissolved ion density of seawater can be colloquially thought of as
“concentration of salt.”
answer: salinity
B. This negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration has a value of 7 in water that is
neither acidic nor basic.
answer: pH (prompt on “acidity”)
C. In pure water, this quantity reaches its maximum value at 4 degrees Celsius; that value
is one gram per cubic centimeter.
answer: (mass) density
<290264>
43. In a 2020 comic book about this character, he agrees to become the herald of Galactus
to combat the “Black Winter.” This character, an original member of the Avengers,
wields a (*) hammer called Mjolnir [M'YOHL-neer]. For 10 points—name this Marvel
Comics character, the Asgardian god of thunder.
answer: Thor
<531685>
43. Characters in this novel include harpooners named Fedallah, Daggoo, and Queequeg.
A. Ishmael narrates what 19th-century novel about the quest for the white whale?
answer: Moby-Dick(; or, The Whale)
B. This novelist of Moby-Dick also wrote the story “Benito Cereno.” [beh-NEE-toh seh-RAY-noh]
answer: Herman Melville
C. Much of the novel is set on this whaling ship captained by Ahab.
answer: the Pequod [PEE-kwahd]
<277918>
44. This play includes the “Queen Mab speech” and the line, “O happy dagger! This is
thy sheath.” The former is said by Mercutio [mur-KYOO-shee-oh], while the latter is
spoken after Old (*) Capulet's daughter realizes that her lover has taken poison. For 10
points—name this Shakespeare play about forbidden love.
answer: Romeo and Juliet (or The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet)
<290003>
44. The taxonomic hierarchy is made up of a series of ranks, or levels, the largest of which is
the domain. For 10 points each—
A. Two creatures belong to the same group at this lowest level if their mating can produce
fertile offspring.
answer: species
B. Examples of this rank between kingdom and class include Annelida [AN-nah-LID-ah] and
Chordata [“core”-DAH-ta].
answer: phylum [FYE-lum] (or phyla)
C. Groups at this rank typically have names that end in ”-idae” [“I-D-A-E”] for animals or ”-
aceae” [“A-C-E-A-E”] for plants.
answer: family (or families)
<278487>
19
45. This quantity may be calculated using Heron's formula, which uses the semiperimeter
[“semi-perimeter”]. Integration finds this quantity “under” a curve, while for polygons it
equals half the (*) perimeter times the apothem [AP-uh-thum]. For 10 points—name this
quantity that, for a rectangle, equals length times width.
answer: area (accept area of a triangle before “polygons”)
<289823>
45. Pencil and paper ready. A right rectangular prism has a length of 6, [pause] a width of 4,
[pause] and a height of 3. For 10 points each—
A. What is the volume of the prism?
answer: 72 [V = lwh = 6 × 4 × 3 = 24 × 3 = 72]
B. What is the surface area of the prism? You have 10 seconds.
answer: 108 [SA = 2(lw + lh + wh) = 2 × ((6 × 4) + (6 × 3) + (4 × 3)) = 2 × (24 + 18 + 12) = 2 × (24 +
30) = 2 × 54 = 108]
C. How many edges does the prism have?
answer: 12 edges [This can be visualized as 4 edges forming the rectangle on the “top” of
the prism, 4 forming the “bottom,” and 4 connecting each vertex on the top to its
corresponding vertex on the bottom.]
<531582>
46. This country's namesake gulf receives the Chao Phraya [“CHOW PRY-uh”] river. Phuket
[poo-ket], an island popular with tourists, is in this country. Its eastern border with
Laos [lowss] is mostly formed by the Mekong River. (*) Siam was the former name of—
for 10 points—what southeast Asian country whose capital is Bangkok?
answer: Thailand (or Kingdom of Thailand or Prathet Thai or Ratcha Anachak Thai)
<531626>
46. For 10 points each—name these tragedies by William Shakespeare:

A. The title prince of Denmark takes revenge on his uncle Claudius in this play, whose
other characters include Ophelia.
B. This play centers on a pre-Roman ruler of Britain and his three daughters: Goneril,
Regan, and Cordelia.
answer: King Lear (or The Tragedy of King Lear)
C. The title character of this play is a “moor of Venice” who is tricked into killing his wife,
Desdemona [dez-deh-MOH-nuh].
answer: Othello (or The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice)
<265553>
20
47. This monarch was served by the prime ministers William Gladstone and Benjamin
Disraeli [diz-“RAIL”-ee], the latter of whom passed a bill naming this ruler “Empress of (*)
India.” She was the first monarch of her country to celebrate a Diamond Jubilee. For
10 points—what British queen reigned during the 1800s?
answer: Queen Victoria (or Alexandrina Victoria Hanover)
<353350>
47. For 10 points each—answer these questions about polygons:

A. What is the name is given to five-sided polygons, such as the Washington, D.C. building
that houses the Defense Department?
answer: pentagon
B. What do the measures of the external angles of a nonagon sum to?
answer: 360 [any polygon's external angles sum to 360]
C. What is the measure, in degrees, of each internal angle of a regular hexagon?
answer: 120 degrees
<266222>
48. The Nobel Prize in this category has been won by Kenneth Arrow, John Nash, and
Milton Friedman. Marginal utility is studied in its “micro” variety, which is
interested in (*) consumer behavior. For 10 points—name this social science that
studies supply and demand, goods, and money.
answer: economics (or economic sciences)
<292894>
48. This novel revolves around the search for the buried plunder of Captain Flint. For 10
points each—
A. Name this novel that begins with the discovery of a map in the Admiral Benbow Inn.
answer: Treasure Island
B. Treasure Island is by this Scottish author also known for The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and
Mr. Hyde.
answer: Robert Louis (Balfour) Stevenson
C. The book's villain is this one-legged sea cook who had served as Flint's quartermaster.
answer: Long John Silver
<290005>
49. The two components of these expressions can be separated by a vinculum. One of
these expressions with a value greater than one is called (*) “improper,” and may be
rewritten as a mixed number. A ratio is often written as—for 10 points—what
expression with a numerator and denominator?
answer: fraction (do not accept or prompt on “ratio”)
<276740>
21
49. Construction of this edifice began on “Barbed Wire Sunday,” August 13th, 1961. For 10
points each—
A. Name this concrete barrier that divided the communist and democratic halves of a
European capital city.
answer: Berlin Wall (or Berliner Mauer)
B. The most prominent border crossing station on the Berlin Wall was this “checkpoint” on
the Friedrichstrasse [FREED-rik-shtrah-suh] named for a letter in the NATO [NAY-toh] phonetic
alphabet.
answer: Checkpoint Charlie
C. The fall of the Berlin Wall followed this country's Budapest [BOO-duh-pesht]-based
government turning off the electric fence on its border with Austria.
answer: Hungary (or Republic of Hungary or Magyarország or Magyar Köstársaság)
<532205>
50. This is the color of lead(II) iodide [“led two EYE-uh-died”], potassium chromate [“CROW-mate”],
and the plant pigment lutein [LOO-teen]. This color is exhibited on a flame test by pure
sodium. This is also the color of the most common allotrope [AL-uh-trohp] of (*) sulfur.
For 10 points—name this color whose wavelength lies between orange and green.
answer: yellow
<531881>
50. For 10 points each—answer the following about the filmmaking duo of Phil Lord and
Christopher Miller:
A. Lord and Miller wrote and directed this 2014 film, the first to feature Chris Pratt as
Emmet Brickowski, who opposes the villainous Lord Business.
answer: The Lego Movie
B. In 2018 Lord and Miller produced a film in which Peter Parker dies, leaving young Miles
Morales to take over as this Marvel superhero.
answer: Spider-Man (accept Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse)
C. Ron Howard replaced Lord and Miller as director of this 2018 science-fiction film whose
characters include the crime lord Dryden Vos. It was a box office disappointment.
answer: Solo: A Star Wars Story
<477824>
51. This author wrote a play in which John of Gaunt's son Henry Bolingbroke deposes
the king. Another of his plays depicts the battle of Bosworth Field, where a
hunchbacked king cries “My (*) kingdom for a horse!” For 10 points—name this
author of the history plays Richard II and Richard III.
answer: William Shakespeare
<455209>
22
51. Phase changes occur when a substance goes from one phase to another. For 10 points
each—
A. Dry ice, the solid form of this triatomic compound, goes directly to the gas phase upon
heating at atmospheric pressure.
answer: carbon dioxide or CO2 [“C-O two”]
B. What is that process of going directly from a solid to a gas? The reverse process from
gas to solid is called deposition.
answer: sublimation (accept sublimes or sublimate)
C. A gas can actually go on to become this so-called “fourth state of matter,” used in some
flat-panel televisions, when it is ionized.
answer: plasma
<278551>
52. This man won the Battle of Munda against the Optimates [AHP-tih-MAY-teez] faction. He
proclaimed ”the die is cast” as he crossed the Rubicon [ROO-bih-kahn] River, defying the
(*) Senate and beginning a civil war against his old ally Pompey [PAHM-pee]. For 10
points—name this Roman dictator who was assassinated on the Ides of March.
answer: (Gaius) Julius Caesar (accept either underlined portion)
<445172>
52. According to this man's teachings, you should “never impose on others what you would
not choose for yourself.” For 10 points each—
A. Name this Chinese philosopher, who worked for the Lu state in the 6th century BC.
answer: Confucius (or Kongzi or Kong Qiu or Zhongni or Kong Fuzi or K'ung Fu-tzu)
B. Confucius wrote during this period of Chinese history, named for two seasons.
answer: Spring and Autumn period (or Chunqiu Shidai)
C. 2nd-century BC construction workers discovered the “Old Text” of this work, the
standard compilation of teaching attributed to Confucius.
answer: Analects (or Lunyu)
<366754>
53. Pencil and paper ready. Aaron needs to find the least common multiple of 6 and 25.
He computes their prime factorizations and realizes that, since they have no factors in
common, their least common multiple is just their (*) product. For 10 points—find
the least common multiple of 6 and 25.
answer: 150 [6 = 2 × 3 and 25 = 5 × 5; since there are no common factors, their least common
multiple is just their product, and 6 × 25 = 150.]
<461715>
53. “Strong” types of these compounds include the hydrochloric and nitric variety. For 10
points each—
A. Name these compounds with a pH below 7.
answer: acids
B. Acids are contrasted with these compounds with pH above 7. Examples include milk.
answer: bases
C. This test involves a strip of paper changing colors in a solution and can be used to
determine acidity or basicity.
answer: litmus test
<289825>
23
54. A character in this novel is based on the real-life gambler who fixed the 1919 World
Series and is named Meyer Wolfsheim. The title character of this novel lives in West
Egg and is (*) infatuated with Daisy Buchanan. Nick Carraway narrates—for 10
points—what 1925 F. Scott Fitzgerald novel?
answer: The Great Gatsby
<456783>
54. The rake Wickham runs off with the 15-year-old Lydia in this novel. For 10 points
each—
A. Name this work in which Lydia's sister Elizabeth Bennet overcomes her initial dislike of
Mr. Darcy.
answer: Pride and Prejudice
B. This Regency-era author wrote Pride and Prejudice.
answer: Jane Austen
C. The title character of this Jane Austen novel tries to play matchmaker to her naive friend
Harriet.
answer: Emma
<344072>
55. A family in this novel tries to cheer up their daughter Jane by having her stay with
Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner in London. In this novel, Charlotte Lucas marries Mr. Collins
after he is humiliatingly (*) rejected by Lizzy Bennet. Mr. Darcy appears in—for 10
points—what novel by Jane Austen?
<448172>
55. This structure was designed as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. For 10 points
each—
A. Name this wrought-iron structure whose namesake engineer also helped to design the
Statue of Liberty.
answer: Eiffel Tower (or Tour Eiffel)
B. The Eiffel Tower is in this European capital city. A 2019 fire damaged parts of the roof
of this city's Notre-Dame [noh-truh dahm] Cathedral.
answer: Paris
C. The name of the god Mars and this French word meaning “field” identify a large grassy
area next to the Eiffel Tower. With ”Élysées [EH-lee-SEHS],” this word names a prominent
avenue in Paris.
answer: champ [shahmp] (accept Champ de Mars or Champs-Élysées)
<511126>
56. This god was raised by Amalthea [amm-al-THEE-uh] in a cave on the island of Crete after he
narrowly escaped being devoured by his father, Cronus [KROH-nuss]. This god freed
the (*) Cyclopes [“SIGH”-kloh-peez] from Tartarus [TAR-tar-uss], for which they fashioned him
thunderbolts as weapons. For 10 points—name this king of the gods in Greek myth.
answer: Zeus
<460114>
24
56. Symbiosis is the phenomenon in which organisms live together, occasionally even inside
each other. For 10 points each—
A. Ants and aphids display this kind of symbiosis in which both partners benefit.
answer: mutualism (or mutualistic symbiosis)
B. Birds and trees generally have this kind of symbiosis in which one partner is helped and
the other is unaffected.
answer: commensalism [kuh-MEN-suh-lizm] (or commensalistic symbiosis)
C. Many roundworms have this kind of symbiosis in which they benefit at the expense of
their living host.
answer: parasitism (or parasitic symbiosis; accept parasites; do not accept or prompt on
“endosymbiosis”)
<290327>
57. These numbers are found by an algorithm named for an Alexandrian librarian that
crosses out multiples of 2, then crosses out multiples of 3, etc. Positive integers past
(*) 1 are either composite or this type of number. For 10 points—what numbers' only
positive divisors are 1 and themselves?
answer: prime numbers or primes
<475906>
57. For 10 points each—name these cities in China:

A. The Forbidden City is in this capital of China.
answer: Beijing (or Peking)
B. There are many casinos in this special administrative region that was transferred from
Portugal to China in 1999.
answer: Macau [muh-“COW”] (Special Administrative Region) (or Macao or Aomen (Tebie
Xingzhengqu) or (Região Administrativa Especial de) Macau)
C. This city at the mouth of the Yangtze [yang-see] River is the most populous in China.
answer: Shanghai
<449502>
58. This artist's only painting in the Americas depicts the noblewoman Ginevra de' Benci
[jih-NEV-rah deh BEN-chee]. A mural by this man in Milan shows a salt cellar being tipped
over by a man who clutches what might be a bag of (*) silver. For 10 points—name
this Italian who painted Judas Iscariot in The Last Supper.
answer: Leonardo da Vinci (or Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci; accept any underlined
portion)
<451980>
58. For 10 points each—name these subatomic particles:

A. James Chadwick won a Nobel for his discovery of this chargeless particle.
answer: neutrons
B. There are six of these elementary particles that combine to form various hadrons. Their
names include up, bottom, charm, and strange.
answer: quarks
C. Carl Anderson discovered this first known antimatter particle. It has the same mass as
the electron but does not have a negative charge.
answer: positrons
<296057>
25
59. This country's flag contains four trigrams that represent the sun, moon, heaven and
earth. The Han River flows through the capital of this country, which contains the
upscale (*) Gangnam [gahng-nahm] district. Pyeongchang [p'yung-CHUNG] hosted the 2018
Winter Olympics in—for 10 points—what country governed from Seoul [“soul”]?
answer: South Korea (or Republic of Korea or ROK or Taehan-min'guk or Han'guk; prompt
on “Korea”; do not accept or prompt on “North Korea” or “Democratic People's
Republic of Korea”)
<474584>
59. Simon is killed by Jack and his group during a “dance” near the end of this novel. For
10 points each—
A. Name this novel in which Ralph tries to unify a group of castaway children who grow to
fear “the beast.”
answer: Lord of the Flies
B. This Nobel Prize-winning author of Lord of the Flies was awarded the Booker Prize for his
novel Rites of Passage.
answer: William (Gerald) Golding
C. Jack steals spectacles from this character in Lord of the Flies, who is only known by his
nickname.
answer: Piggy
<348806>
60. This character calls himself “fortune's fool” after winning a duel that prompts Prince
Escalus [ESS-kuh-lus] to exile him. This man, who kills Tybalt [TIH-bult] to avenge
Mercutio [mur-“CUE”-shee-oh], requests that (*) Friar Laurence secretly marry him to a
Capulet [KAP-yoo-let]. For 10 points—name this Shakespeare protagonist who loves Juliet.
answer: Romeo Montague [MON-tuh-gyoo]
<477706>
60. One physical quantity with dimensions of length over time squared is used to measure
the rate of change of velocity. For 10 points each—
A. Name that quantity.
answer: acceleration (accept deceleration; prompt on “a”)
B. Newton's second law of motion says that a body's acceleration equals the “net” variety
of this quantity divided by the body's mass.
answer: force (accept net force; prompt on “F”)
C. Within 10%, objects in free fall near the Earth's surface experience an acceleration due to
gravity with this magnitude in meters per second squared.
answer: 9.8 meters per second squared (accept 8.9 to 10.7)
<315347>
61. This man ordered a purge of the SA [“S-A”] and the execution of Ernst Röhm [“Rome”] on
the Night of the Long Knives. He wrote his autobiography in Landsberg prison after
his failed (*) Beer Hall Putsch. For 10 points—name this author of Mein Kampf [“mine”
kahmpf] who was the chancellor of Nazi Germany during the Holocaust.
answer: Adolf Hitler
<455421>
61. While visiting one country, this traveler is given 300 cooks to prepare his daily
meals. For 10 points each—
26
A. Name this protagonist of an 18th-century novel, whose first voyage takes him to a land
inhabited by people less than six inches tall.
answer: Lemuel [LEM-yoo-ul] Gulliver (accept either underlined portion; accept Gulliver's
Travels or Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts. By Lemuel
Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships)
B. This satirical author of The Battle of the Books wrote Gulliver's Travels.
answer: Jonathan Swift
C. The small residents of this country refer to Gulliver as “the man-mountain.”
answer: (Empire of) Lilliput [LIHL-ih-“put”] (accept Lilliputians [lihl-ih-PYOO-shunz])
<341425>
62. Pencil and paper ready. Bianca needs to know the value of x for which the
arithmetic [air-ith-MET-ik] mean, or average, of the three numbers [read slowly] x, 5, and
negative 3 will be 2. By first computing what the sum of the numbers must be, she
finds (*) —for 10 points—what value of x for which the mean is 2?
answer: x = 4 [The mean is the sum of the values divided by the number of values, so M = (x
=
+ 5 + -3)/3 = 2, so x + 2 = 6, and x = 4.]

<474812>
62. The “ball” variety of this snake is named for its tendency to curl up when stressed or
frightened. For 10 points each—
A. Name this genus [JEE-nus] of snake whose reticulatus species is the longest in the world.
answer: python (or Pythonadae)
B. After slaying a beast called the Python, this Greek god created the Oracle at Delphi.
This god was the twin brother of Artemis [AR-tem-iss].
answer: Apollo (or Apollon; accept Phoebus Apollo)
C. In computer science, Python is one of these things, other examples of which include Java
and C++.
answer: programming language(s)
<464013>
63. A Gerrit Bolkestein [HAIR-ett BOHLK-steen] speech inspired the rewriting of this book,
which includes a passage that ends “in spite of everything I still believe that people
are (*) really good at heart.” “Kitty” is the addressee of—for 10 points—what book,
written while its young author and her family hid from Nazis?
answer: The Diary of Anne Frank (or Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl; or Het
Achterhuis. Dagboekbrieven 14 Juni 1942 - 1 Augustus 1944; or The Annex: Diary Notes
14 June 1942 - 1 August 1944)
<461317>
63. For 10 points each—answer the following about paintings currently held by the Louvre
[loov]:
A. This iconic Renaissance [REN-ih-sahnss] portrait of a mysteriously-smiling woman was

stolen in 1911 but recovered in 1913.
answer: Mona Lisa (or La Gioconda [lah jyoh-KOHN-dah] or La Joconde or Portrait of Lisa
Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo)
B. This Eugène Delacroix [oo-ZHEN duh-luh-KWAH] painting depicts a bare-chested woman
hoisting the French flag and leading armed revolutionaries.
answer: Liberty Leading the People (or La Liberté guidant le peuple)
27
C. The Louvre also owns Jacques-Louis David's [ZHAHK loo-EE dah-VEED's] massive painting
showing The Coronation of this French emperor. David also depicted this man on
horseback Crossing the Alps.
answer: Napoleon Bonaparte (or Napoleone Buonaparte; accept any underlined portion;
accept Napoleon I; accept The Coronation of Napoleon or Le Sacré de Napoleon or
Napoleon Crossing the Alps)
<462802>
64. This man was granted the title Admiral of the Ocean Sea after signing the
Capitulations of Santa Fe. This man encountered the peaceful Lucayan [loo-KY-un]
people after landing on an island he named (*) San Salvador. For 10 points—name
this Genoese [JEN-oh-eez] explorer who landed in the New World in 1492.
answer: Christopher Columbus (or Cristoforo Colombo or Cristóbal Colón)
<461886>
64. In this novel, the villainous Israel Hands dies while trying to kill the protagonist. For
10 points each—
A. Name this novel in which Jim Hawkins meets a former crew member of the notorious
Captain Flint.
answer: Treasure Island
B. Treasure Island is a novel by this Scottish author of Kidnapped.
answer: Robert Louis (Balfour) Stevenson
C. At the beginning of Treasure Island, Jim sees the blind Pew give the pirate Billy Bones this
object, which indicates Bones' pending doom.
answer: black spot (prompt on “spot”)
<469330>
65. This compound is used as a supercritical fluid to decaffeinate coffee. Water and this
gas form in complete combustion reactions. Its solid form turns directly to a gas at
(*) room temperature and is called dry ice. For 10 points—what gas exhaled by animals
has molecular formula CO2 [“C-O two”]?
answer: carbon dioxide (accept CO2 [“C-O two”] before CO2)
<474077>
65. Their area can be calculated with Heron's formula. For 10 points each—
A. Give these geometric figures whose Euler [OY-ler] lines go through their orthocenters and
circumcenters.
answer: triangle
B. This term describes a triangle whose three angles measure less than ninety degrees. It
could also refer to any of the angles in such a triangle.
answer: acute
C. This term describes a triangle whose three sides all have different measures.
answer: scalene [SKAY-leen] triangle
<269942>
66. This author wrote about Tommo and Toby, who live in a native village on the
Marquesas Islands, in his first novel, Typee [tye-PEE]. The harpoonist Queequeg [KWEE-
kweg] appears in this man's novel narrated by (*) Ishmael, in which Captain Ahab
pursues a white whale. For 10 points—name this author of Moby-Dick.
28
answer: Herman Melville
<473355>
66. Sena Jeter [SEE-nah JEE-tur] Naslund wrote a novel about this man's wife, Una Spenser. For
10 points each—
A. Name this captain of the Pequod [PEE-kwahd], who singlemindedly pursues a certain
cetacean [suh-TAY-shun].
answer: Captain Ahab
B. Ahab drowns while trying to kill a white whale in this novel by Herman Melville.
answer: Moby-Dick(; or, The Whale)
C. Moby-Dick is narrated by Ishmael, who becomes best friends with this Polynesian
harpooner. This man's carved coffin saves Ishmael's life after the Pequod is destroyed.
answer: Queequeg [KWEE-kweg]
<328050>
67. Supposedly, the ancient mathematician Hippasus [HIP-uh-suss] was killed for proving
that applying this function to 2 results in an irrational number. Applying this
function to a negative number produces an (*) imaginary number. For 10 points—
name this function that, when applied to 49, results in 7.
answer: square root (accept raising to the ½ power or raising to the power of ½; prompt on
“radical”; accept the square root of 2)
<478571>
67. Objects in this region include 4 Vesta and 2 Pallas. For 10 points each—
A. Name this region of the Solar System, the source of nearly all meteorites found on Earth.
answer: (main) asteroid belt
B. All or nothing—the asteroid belt lies between the orbits of what two planets?
answer: Mars and Jupiter (accept in either order)
C. This largest member of the asteroid belt is a dwarf planet and is named for the Roman
goddess of agriculture.
answer: (1) Ceres [“series”]
<291538>
68. This name appears in the title of a 1971 book presented as the diary of an anonymous
girl with a drug habit. A character with this first name follows the White Rabbit (*)
down a rabbit hole. For 10 points—identify this first name of a girl who visits
Wonderland in a Lewis Carroll novel.
answer: Alice (accept Go Ask Alice or Alice in Wonderland or Alice's Adventures in
Wonderland)
<463185>
68. This character becomes involved in a deadly feud between the Grangerfords and the
Shepherdsons. For 10 points each—
A. Name this character who rafts down the Mississippi River with the escaped slave Jim.
answer: Huckleberry Finn (accept either underlined portion)
B. This author of the memoir Life on the Mississippi created Huckleberry Finn.
answer: Mark Twain (or Samuel (Langhorne) Clemens)
C. This widowed sister of Miss Watson tries to adopt Huck, and believes it is her Christian
duty to “civilize” him.
answer: Widow Douglas
29
<317999>
69. This city's national parliament building borders the Spree [shpray] River, a waterway
that joins with the Havel [HAH-vull] River in its borough of Spandau [SHPAHN-dow]. This
city's (*) Reichstag [RYKE-shtahg] building was extensively renovated following its 1990
reunification. For 10 points—name this capital of Germany.
answer: Berlin
<465257>
69. This emperor legendarily ordered many Confucian scholars to be buried alive. For 10
points each—
A. Name this first emperor of a unified China. His mausoleum is guarded by the life-size
Terracotta Army.
answer: Qin Shi Huang [chin shur hwahng] or Shi Huangdi [shur hwahng-dee] (or Shih Huang-ti or
Zhao Zheng; prompt on “Qin” or “Shi” or “Huang(di)” by themselves)
B. As emperor, Qin Shi Huang ordered various structures be unified to create this massive
fortification on China's northern border.
answer: Great Wall of China (or Wanli Changcheng)
C. The Great Wall of China helped regulate and protect this trade route, which was named
for a fiber sent from China to the west.
answer: Silk Road (or Silk Route)
<509796>
70. The Sinitic [sih-NIT-ik] languages are mostly spoken in this country. “Stroke order”
most commonly refers to the writing of characters in a language from this country,
which are the basis for (*) Japanese kanji. For 10 points—name this country whose
languages include Mandarin and Cantonese.
answer: China (or People's Republic of China or PRC or Zhongguo or Zhonghua Renmin
Gongheguo; do not accept or prompt on “Republic of China”)
<463474>
70. For 10 points each—name these elements associated with water:

A. Most of water's atomic weight comes from this element. Many organisms breathe its
molecular form from the atmosphere.
answer: oxygen (or O; accept O2 or molecular oxygen)
B. What element, atomic number 17, is found in bleach and used to kill bacteria in drinking
water and swimming pools?
answer: chlorine (or Cl)
C. Salts of this element, which has atomic number 9, are often added to water supplies to
prevent tooth decay; they're also used in toothpaste. Name either the element or its
anion.
answer: fluorine (or F or fluoride or F-)
<292084>
71. A character in this play laments “Alas, poor Yorick” while holding a skull. During a
duel with Laertes [LAY-“air”-teez], the title character of this play kills his uncle (*)
Claudius. The protagonist asks “To be or not to be?” in—for 10 points—what
Shakespeare play about the title Prince of Denmark?
<460433>
30
71. A poem of this type proclaims that “beauty is truth, truth beauty.” For 10 points
each—
A. A Grecian urn and a nightingale are the subjects of what kind of poem by an English
Romantic poet?
answer: odes (accept Ode on a Grecian Urn or Ode to a Nightingale)
B. This poet wrote those odes, which include “Ode on a Grecian Urn.”
answer: John Keats
C. Another of Keats' odes addresses this season, which it describes as a season of “mists
and mellow fruitfulness.”
answer: autumn (accept To Autumn or fall)
<520357>
72. This scientist and Alfred Wallace developed the idea of sexual selection. This man
names a group of finches he obtained on the Galápagos [gah-LAH-puh-gohss] Islands during
a voyage of the (*) Beagle. For 10 points—name this biologist whose book On the Origin
of Species explains his theory of evolution.
answer: Charles (Robert) Darwin
<476227>
72. This modern-day country was once home to the Norte Chico [nor-tay CHEE-ko] civilization,
which made stools out of whale vertebrae [VER-tuh-bray]. For 10 points each—
A. Name this South American country where Atahualpa [ah-tah-“WALL”-pah] was captured at the
Battle of Cajamarca [kah-huh-MAR-kah].
answer: Peru (or Republic of Peru or República del Perú)
B. Atahualpa ruled this pre-Columbian empire in the Andes [ANN-deez] whose capital was
Cuzco [KOOZ-koh].
answer: Incan empire (or Inca civilization or Incas or Tawantinsuyu)
C. The Incas were destroyed by troops under Francisco Pizarro [pee-ZAH-roh], one of the
Spanish soldiers and adventurers who are known today by this twelve-letter Spanish
term.
answer: conquistador(s) [kohn-KEES-tah-dor]
<461515>
73. This regular polygon's area is the quantity 1 minus root 2 times twice the square of
the side length. From each vertex of this polygon there emanate five diagonals,
making (*) 20 distinct diagonals in all. This shape's angles measure 135 degrees. For
10 points—name this eight-sided polygon.
answer: (regular) octagon
<478781>
73. Pencil and paper ready. Let y equal 2x plus 8. For 10 points each—
A. What is the value of y if x equals 11?
answer: y = 30 [y = (2 × 11) + 8 = 22 + 8 = 30]
B. What is the value of x, if y equals 40?
answer: x = 16 [y = 2x + 8 = 40, so 2x = 32, and x = 16]
C. If x is expressed as a binomial [“by”-NOH-mee-ul] in terms of y, what is the constant term of
the binomial? You have 10 seconds.
answer: -4 (do not accept or prompt on “4”) [y = 2x + 8, so y - 8 = 2x, and x = (1/2)y - 4]
<461498>
31
74. Prime ministers who served under this monarch include William Gladstone and
Benjamin Disraeli, who passed the Royal Titles Act to make her Empress of India.
The death of her husband Prince (*) Albert sent her into deep mourning. For 10
points—name this longest-reigning British queen.
answer: Queen Victoria (or Alexandrina Victoria Hanover)
<345761>
74. This 2001 book was attributed to the fictional author Newt Scamander. For 10 points
each—
A. Name this book, supposedly a textbook in the study of magizoology [madg-ee-“zoo”-ahl-uh-gee].
It contains doodles and comments from Ron Weasley.
answer: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
B. The textbook was actually written by J.K. Rowling [“rolling”] as a supplement to her series
of books about this young wizard.
answer: Harry (James) Potter (accept either underlined portion)
C. This character writes the foreword to Fantastic Beasts. He was killed by Snape in Harry
Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.
answer: Albus (Percival Wulfric Brian) Dumbledore (accept either underlined portion)
<464519>
75. This language's 2011 Dolphin release updated its Swing graphical library and the
MBeans [“M-beans”] used to manage its namesake virtual machine. Developers for
Android phones use this object-oriented language also found in website (*) applets.
For 10 points—what language's name is also slang for coffee?
answer: Java
<292090>
75. Elements in this group have extremely high electron affinities, as they are all one
electron short of a complete octet. For 10 points each—
A. Name this group on the periodic table whose members include fluorine and astatine
[ASS-tuh-teen].
answer: halogens [HAL-uh-jens] (or group 17; prompt on “VIIA” [“seven A”] or “VIIB” [“seven B”])
B. This second halogen is present in many disinfectants and has the atomic symbol Cl [“C-L”].
answer: chlorine
C. This halogen, whose pure form is a dark-purple solid, is found in many marine
organisms. Atoms of it are added to table salt to ensure proper thyroid function.
answer: iodine (or I)
<520900>
76. This novel's title character is told “You become responsible, forever, for what you
have tamed” during a conversation with a fox. A pilot who is stranded in the Sahara
desert meets the golden-haired ruler of (*) Asteroid B-612 in—for 10 points—what
short novel by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry [an-twahn duh sant-egg-zoo-pay-ree]?
answer: The Little Prince (or Le Petit Prince)
<350095>
32
76. Bob Ewell attacks this novel's narrator after her father destroys Ewell's credibility during
a trial. For 10 points each—
A. Name this novel in which the lawyer Atticus Finch defends Tom Robinson.
B. To Kill a Mockingbird is by this author, whose novel Go Set a Watchman was published in
2015.
answer: (Nelle) Harper Lee
C. The character of Dill in To Kill a Mockingbird is based on this author of Breakfast at
Tiffany's, who was a friend of Harper Lee. Lee helped this man with research for his
book In Cold Blood.
answer: Truman (Garcia) Capote [kuh-POH-tee] (or Truman Streckfus Persons)
<473750>
77. This artist painted Le Havre just after dawn in a work that named his art movement.
He also painted a series showing the Rouen cathedral in different lighting and
flowers on his Giverny [zhih-VAIR-nee] estate's (*) pond. For 10 points—name this
Impressionist painter of the Waterlilies series.
answer: Claude Monet [moh-NAY] (or Oscar-Claude Monet) [The Le Havre work is Impression,
Sunrise.]
<302900>
77. Though it has not been proven, Goldbach's conjecture suggests that all even numbers
larger than 2 can be produced by adding two of these numbers. For 10 points each—
A. Name these numbers that have no factors besides 1 and themselves.
answer: prime numbers or primes
B. This nine-letter word refers to integers greater than 1 that are not prime.
answer: composite numbers
C. This term refers to pairs of prime numbers whose difference is 2, such as 17 and 19.
answer: twin primes (accept twin pairs or prime twins)
<520965>
78. This man sends a threatening message to a Ku Klux Klan leader in “The Five Orange
Pips.” In another work, this man deduces that Sir Charles was frightened to death by
a (*) dog painted with phosphorus. The Hound of the Baskervilles is a novel about—for 10
points—what friend of Dr. Watson?
answer: Sherlock Holmes (accept either underlined portion)
<314631>
33
78. The German Prince Albert, who died in 1861, was this queen's husband. For 10 points
each—
A. Name this British queen who ruled for over 63 years. The era named for her is known
for strict standards of morality and gender roles.
answer: Queen Victoria (or Alexandrina Victoria Hanover; prompt on “Victorian (era)”)
B. Victoria was the first monarch to take up residence at this palace, still the official
residence of British kings and queens.
answer: Buckingham Palace
C. During the early part of her reign, Victoria improved relations between Britain and this
country, which was then ruled by Louis Philippe [LOO-ee-fih-LEEP].
answer: France (or Kingdom of France or Royaume de France)
<521136>
79. This scientist interpreted Brownian motion and explained the photoelectric effect.
Another of his theories assumes that the speed of (*) light is always the same. For 10
points—name this physicist whose special and general theories of relativity include the
equation E equals m c2 [“E equals M C squared”].
answer: Albert Einstein
<289427>
79. According to a nursery rhyme, the child born on this day is “loving and giving.” For 10
points each—
A. Name this day, the “Black” instance of which occurs after Thanksgiving and is an
occasion for crazed department store shopping.
answer: Friday (accept Friday's child or Black Friday)
B. Friday is a fictional native who befriends the title character in this Daniel Defoe novel.
answer: Robinson Crusoe (or The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson
Crusoe, of York, Mariner)
C. In “Friday's Child,” a 1967 episode of this TV show, the title baby is eventually named
“Leonard James,” after Dr. McCoy and Captain Kirk.
answer: Star Trek (accept Star Trek: The Original Series)
<474743>
80. Three of the Hummel children die of scarlet fever in this work, whose central family
employs Hannah Mullet. One character in this novel marries John Brooke; another
weds Professor Bhaer [bair]. (*) Meg, Beth, Amy, and Jo March are the title sisters in—for
10 points—what novel by Louisa May Alcott?
answer: Little Women
<316448>
34
80. This man's book Opticks describes his studies with the first working reflecting telescope,
which he built. For 10 points each—
A. Name this man who also described using a prism to split white light into a rainbow of
colors.
answer: Isaac Newton
B. Prior to Newton's invention, telescopes relied on this process to focus light. This
process causes light to bend when it moves into a new material.
answer: refraction
C. The primary mirror of a Newtonian telescope has this inward-curving shape, which is
contrasted with convex.
answer: concave
<520638>
81. This author of the Nick Adams stories described bullfighting in Death in the
Afternoon. Robert Jordan, who fights in the Spanish Civil War, is the protagonist of
his For Whom the Bell Tolls. A (*) Cuban fisherman catches a giant marlin in—for 10
points—what author's The Old Man and the Sea?
answer: Ernest (Miller) Hemingway
<343550>
81. For 10 points each—answer the following about the painting Guernica [gair-NEE-kuh]:
A. The painting was created by an artist from this country. The destruction of a Basque
village in this country inspired the painting.
B. This artist, who painted The Old Guitarist during his blue period, created Guernica.
C. One of these animals flails in pain in the middle of the painting. It is directly below the
light bulb in the shape of an eye.
answer: horses
<508053>
82. This element, which yields the most common anion [ANN-“ion”] in the blood, combines
with hydrogen to form a compound secreted by the stomach. It has atomic number
17 and is found in (*) bleach and bonded to sodium in table salt. For 10 points—name
this element used to disinfect swimming pools.
answer: chlorine (or Cl)
<292184>
35
82. When this man became president, he ended the Algerian War. For 10 points each—
A. Name this president of France during almost all of the 1960s, who earlier led the Free
French Forces during World War II.
answer: Charles de Gaulle [sharl duh “GOAL”] (or Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle; do not
accept or prompt on “Gaulle”)
B. During World War II, de Gaulle escaped to England after France was conquered by this
country.
answer: Nazi Germany (or Third Reich; or Deutschland)
C. De Gaulle promulgated a 1958 constitution that created this numbered era of French
government, which remains in power today.
answer: (French) Fifth Republic (or Cinquième République; accept five or cinq; prompt on
“Ve République”)
<520724>
83. This author wrote about a toy who melts into the shape of a heart in “The Steadfast Tin
Soldier.” A mole tries 29. At the time of his death, this Georgian was planning a
purge of Moscow Jews in response to the alleged “Doctors' plot.” The 1956 Secret
Speech by Nikita (*) Khrushchev denounced this man, who ordered the assassination of
Leon Trotsky. For 10 points—name this Soviet leader during World War II.
answer: Joseph Stalin (or Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin or Ioseb Besarionis dze Jugashvili [zhoo-
gahsh-veel-ee])
<351348>
83. A perpetual motion machine of the first kind would violate the namesake “first law” of
this field of physics. For 10 points each—
A. Name this field of physics whose first law relates internal energy, heat, and work.
answer: thermodynamics (accept first law of thermodynamics)
B. The second law of thermodynamics states that this measure of disorder cannot decrease
in an isolated system.
answer: entropy
C. The entropy of a black hole is proportional to this geometric property of the event
horizon. For a sphere of radius r this quantity equals four pi r squared.
answer: surface area
<520336>
84. This novel's narrator uses a coracle to board a vessel that contains the injured
mutineer Israel Hands. At the end of this novel, Jim Hawkins recalls the words
“Pieces of eight!”. (*) Robert Louis Stevenson wrote—for 10 points—what novel in
which the pirate Long John Silver seeks hidden gold?
answer: Treasure Island (or, the Mutiny of the Hispaniola)
<341213>
36
84. The Treaty of Nystad [NYE-stad] concluded the Great Northern War between this monarch
and Charles XII [“the twelfth”] of Sweden. For 10 points each—
A. Name this “grat” tsar [zar] who founded a namesake port that is today Russia's second-
most populous city.
answer: Peter the Great (or Peter I of Russia or Pyotr I or Pyotr Velikiy) [That port city is
Saint Petersburg.]
B. Peter was a member of this Russian royal house, which held power until the Russian
Revolution in the 20th century.
answer: House of Romanov
C. Peter acquired lands around this large sea during the Great Northern War and
established Saint Petersburg on its shore.
answer: Baltic Sea
<496733>
85. These particles make up the majority of cosmic rays, and two of them begin the
fusion chain in the Sun's core that ultimately makes helium nuclei. Named by
Ernest Rutherford, they are counted in (*) atomic numbers. For 10 points—name these
particles within an atom's nucleus with +1 [“plus one”] charge.
answer: proton(s)
<295677>
85. One of this novel's two major plots focuses on the courtship and marriage of Konstantin
Levin and Kitty Shcherbatskaya [shurr-baht-SKY-uh]. For 10 points each—
A. Name this Russian novel whose married title character has an affair with Count Vronsky
before committing suicide by throwing herself under a train.
answer: Anna Karenina [AH-nuh kah-REH-nih-nuh]
B. Anna Karenina was written by this author of War and Peace.
C. Anna Karenina's oft-quoted opening line asserts that “happy” examples of these groups
are all alike, while “unhappy” ones are each unhappy in their own way.
answer: families (or family; accept happy families or unhappy families)
<520691>
86. During this battle, Marshal Ney used cavalry of the Imperial Guard to attack British
squares. This last battle of the Hundred Days ended when Blücher's [BLOO-kur'z]
Prussians arrived to support the Duke of (*) Wellington's army. For 10 points—name
this 1815 battle, the final defeat of Napoleon.
answer: Battle of Waterloo
<337806>
37
86. In 326 BC this commander defeated Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes [“hi”-DAS-peez] in
modern-day Punjab [POON-jahb]. For 10 points each—
A. Name this king who invaded India after conquering the Persian Empire.
answer: Alexander the Great (or Alexander III of Macedon or Aléxandros ho Mégas;
prompt on “Alexander”)
B. Alexander's invasion aided the rise of Chandragupta [chun-druh-GUP-tah], who founded this
empire, the largest in Indian history.
answer: Maurya [MAH-oor-yuh] Empire (or Mauryan Empire; accept Maurya(n) dynasty)
C. After Alexander's death, Chandragupta acquired the Indus Valley by trading 500 of
these animals to Seleucus Nicator [suh-LOO-kus nik-“ATE-or”]. Hannibal crossed the Alps with
some of these large pachyderms [PAK-uh-durmz].
answer: elephants
<519611>
87. This god's chariot is pulled by two goats that he repeatedly kills, eats, and resurrects.
He will kill and be killed by the Midgard Serpent at Ragnarök [RAAG-nuh-“rock”]. This
god killed many giants with a (*) weapon that returns when thrown, the hammer
Mjölnir [MYOHL-neer]. For 10 points—name this Norse god of thunder.
answer: Thor (or Donar)
<329086>
87. A poem that describes how “leaf subsides to leaf” notes that “nature's first green” is this
color. For 10 points each—
A. That 1923 poem claims that “nothing” of what color “can stay”?
answer: gold (accept Nothing Gold Can Stay)
B. “Nothing Gold Can Stay” is by this American poet of “The Road Not Taken.”
C. This other Frost poem includes the line “good fences make good neighbors.”
answer: Mending Wall
<463632>
88. This poet wrote about the boundary between a pine forest and an apple orchard in a
work that ends ”Good fences make good neighbors.” Another work by this poet
compares (*) paths covered “In leaves no step had trodden black.” For 10 points—
name this poet of “Mending Wall” and “The Road Not Taken.”
<321732>
88. Until the release of Wonder Woman, this 2013 film co-directed by Jennifer Lee was the
highest-grossing film with a female director. For 10 points each—
A. Name this Disney film in which Princess Elsa sings the song “Let It Go.”
answer: Frozen
B. In Frozen, Josh Gad voices this snowman brought to life by Elsa.
answer: Olaf
C. This snow creature serves as Elsa's personal bodyguard and guardian of the North
Mountain.
answer: Marshmallow
<437592>
38
89. Unified field theory attempts to unite this phenomenon with electromagnetism.
Weber bars sought to observe waves of this force that obeys a distance inverse-square
law and is proportional to (*) mass. For 10 points—name this attractive force that
causes apples to fall to the ground.
answer: gravity (or gravitational waves)
<306566>
89. In 1897 the Indiana General Assembly rejected a bill that effectively would have
redefined the value of this number. For 10 points each—
A. Name this number, the ratio of any circle's circumference to diameter.
answer: pi
B. While pi cannot be exactly expressed as a fraction, it is sometimes approximated as this
integer divided by 7.
answer: 22 (accept 22/7)
C. Pi radians is equal to how many degrees?
answer: 180 degrees
<487760>
90. This term is Arabic for “restoration.” Its fundamental theorem states that non-
constant polynomials have roots in the complex numbers. Its techniques include
FOIL-ing and completing the (*) square. For 10 points—name this branch of
mathematics that solves equations and uses variables like x.
answer: algebra
<295659>
90. This character is employed at Thornfield Hall by Mr. Rochester, who also employs the
housekeeper Mrs. Fairfax. For 10 points each—
A. Name this title governess of an 1847 novel.
answer: Jane Eyre [“air”] (accept either underlined portion; accept Jane Rochester or Jane
Elliott; accept Janet; prompt on “Rochester” or “Elliott”)
B. Jane Eyre was written by Charlotte, a British author with this last name. Her sisters
wrote such novels as Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey.
answer: Brontës (or Brontë sisters or the Brontë family; accept Charlotte Brontë; prompt on
“(Currer) Bell” or “C. Bell”)
C. Jane Eyre was initially stylized as a fictional example of these works, ostensibly written
by Jane herself. In this type of work, an author recounts their own life.
answer: autobiography (accept Jane Eyre: An Autobiography; prompt on “memoir(s)”)
<467156>
91. This novel was inspired by the story of Alexander Selkirk, who spent several years
living near Chile [CHEE-lay]. This novel's protagonist is a mariner from York who
meets a companion he names (*) Friday. For 10 points—name this novel about a man
stranded on an island, by Daniel Defoe.
answer: Robinson Crusoe (accept The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson
Crusoe, of York, Mariner)
<277982>
39
91. For 10 points each—name these halogens [HAL-uh-jins]:
A. The anion of this lightest halogen is often added to drinking water to help with dental
health.
answer: fluorine or fluoride (or F or F-; accept fluoridated water)
B. Compounds containing this halogen are used to kill germs in swimming pools; it
combines with sodium to make table salt.
answer: chlorine (or Cl or Cl2; accept sodium chloride or NaCl)
C. Trace amounts of salts of this halogen often obtained from seaweed are added to table
salt to help with dietary needs.
answer: iodine or iodide (or I or I-; accept iodized salt)
<276767>
92. This constant squared equals the ratio of an object's relativistic energy to its mass.
Changes in gravitational fields propagate at this speed; it is also the speed of all
massless particles, like (*) photons. 186,282 miles per second is—for 10 points—what
maximum possible speed?
answer: speed of light (in a vacuum) (prompt on “c”) [The first clue is the meaning of
Einstein's E = mc2 formula.]
<278482>
92. The title character of this novel discovers that the man she is about to marry is already
married to the insane Bertha Mason. For 10 points each—
A. Name this novel whose title governess falls in love with Edward Rochester.
answer: Jane Eyre [“air”]
B. This author wrote Jane Eyre under the pseudonym “Currer Bell.” Her sisters Emily and
Anne were also noteworthy authors.
answer: Charlotte Brontë [BRAHN-tay]
C. Emily Bronte is best known for this novel about Catherine Earnshaw's love for
Heathcliff.
answer: Wuthering Heights
<278137>
93. One of this artist's paintings shows a man in a white suit next to a pool table under a
hanging lamp. Another depicts the swirling nocturnal skyline of the village of
Saint-Rémy. (*) For 10 points—name this Dutch artist of The Night Cafe and The Starry
Night who cut off part of his ear.
answer: Vincent (Willem) van Gogh
<277176>
93. Consider the mathematical expression a to the n. For 10 points each—

A. The value a is called the base and the value n is called what?
answer: exponent (accept power)
B. Raising a base to an exponent of “one-half” is equivalent to what operation often
symbolized by a radical sign?
answer: (taking the) square root
C. Any non-zero number raised to an exponent of zero produces what value?
answer: 1
<276984>
40
94. This girl's best friend is Diana Barry, and she eventually weds Gilbert Blythe, despite
his mocking of her red hair. She lives near (*) Avonlea [AV-un-lee] with Matthew and
Marilla Cuthbert on Prince Edward Island. “Shirley” is the last name of—for 10
points—what orphan who finds a home at Green Gables?
answer: Anne of Green Gables (or Anne Blythe; accept any underlined portion; accept Anne
Shirley before “Shirley”; prompt on “Blythe”)
<290031>
94. This English scientist came up with three laws of motion. For 10 points each—
A. Name this scientist, whose law of gravitation was inspired when he witnessed an apple
fall from a tree to the ground, though it did not necessarily hit his head.
answer: Isaac Newton
B. Newton said that an object will stay at rest or in constant-velocity motion until
accelerated by one of these phenomena, like gravity. Their strength is now measured
in newtons.
answer: force
C. Give the seven-letter term for an object's tendency to stay at rest or in constant-velocity
motion unless acted on by a force.
answer: inertia
<276667>
95. The 28 biblical statues in this building's Gallery of the Kings were beheaded by
revolutionaries and restored in 1977. This building's three stained glass rose
windows date to the 13th century. A 2019 (*) fire damaged the roof and destroyed the
spire of—for 10 points—what Paris cathedral?
answer: Notre Dame [noh-truh DAM] Cathedral (or Notre-Dame de Paris)
<531107>
95. For 10 points each—answer the following about 2017 films featuring actor Josh Gad:
A. Gad played Gaston's sidekick LeFou [luh-FOO] in a live-action version of this Disney film,
which starred Emma Watson as Belle.
answer: Beauty and the Beast
B. Gad played the secretary of the deceased Ratchett in this mystery film starring Kenneth
Branagh [BRAH-now] as a Belgian detective aboard a train.
answer: Murder on the Orient Express
C. Gad played a friend of future Supreme Court justice Thurgood Marshall in Marshall,
which starred this actor as Marshall. In 2020 this actor died of colon cancer.
answer: Chadwick (Aaron) Boseman
<459849>
41
96. The change in this quantity equals the heat flow from a process divided by the
system's temperature; the second law of thermodynamics states that it always (*)
increases, thereby reducing the universe's useful energy. For 10 points—name this
measure of the “disorder” of a physical system.
answer: entropy
<290315>
96. At this battle, the Prince of Orange was hit by a bullet at a site now marked by the Lion's
Mound. For 10 points each—
A. Name this 1815 battle in Belgium won by an international coalition led by the Duke of
Wellington.
answer: Battle of Waterloo
B. The loser at Waterloo was this dethroned French emperor who led a failed invasion of
Russia in 1812.
accept Napoleon I)
C. Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo ended this brief historical period, in which Napoleon
returned from exile on Elba in an effort to retake control of France.
answer: (the) Hundred Days (accept Hundred Days War or War of the Seventh Coalition)
<501068>
97. This event began when a crowd left Old South Meeting House and walked to
Griffin's Wharf. The ships Eleanor, Beaver, and Dartmouth were the targets of this
event. Men dressed as Mohawk Indians carried out (*) —for 10 points—what 1773
tax protest in which cargo was dumped into Boston Harbor?
answer: Boston Tea Party (accept Tea Party after “Boston”; prompt on “Tea Party” before
“Boston”)
<346955>
97. James Garfield gave a proof of this theorem using trapezoids. For 10 points each—
A. Name this theorem about right triangles often stated as ”a squared plus b squared equals
c squared.”
answer: Pythagorean theorem
B. This generalization of the Pythagorean theorem applies to non-right triangles, and
subtracts a term of 2 a b times the namesake function of the angle between sides a and b.
answer: law of cosines
C. In a triangle with these three angle measures in degrees, the ratio of the side lengths is 1,
to root 3, to 2.
answer: 30(degrees), 60(degrees), 90(degrees) (accept in any order)
<289822>
98. This device was called an “X-Y Position Indicator” when patented by Douglas
Engelbart in 1970. Popularized in 1984 by its inclusion with the Apple Macintosh,
modern versions have two (*) buttons surrounding a scroll wheel. For 10 points—
name this computer peripheral used to “point and click.”
answer: computer mouse (or computer mice)
<306554>
42
98. This country agreed to “forever renounce war” in Article 9 of its current constitution,
which was drafted during U.S. occupation. For 10 points each—
A. Name this country which was occupied by the U.S. after its defeat in World War II.
answer: Japan (or Nihon-koku or Nippon-koku or Empire of Japan or Dai Nippon Teikoku
or (Greater) Japanese Empire)
B. This five-star general, who was later relieved of command during the Korean War, led
the U.S. occupation of Japan.
answer: Douglas MacArthur
C. MacArthur was instrumental in allowing this emperor of Japan to remain on the throne
after the war. He ruled until 1989.
answer: Hirohito [hee-roh-hee-toh] (or Showa Emperor or Showa tenno)
<524760>
99. This artist painted the most expensive painting ever sold at auction, a depiction of
Jesus holding a transparent sphere called Salvator Mundi. This man placed Christ
between John and Thomas in a depiction of his final (*) meal. For 10 points—who
painted The Last Supper in the 1490s?
answer: Leonardo da Vinci (or Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci; accept either underlined
portion)
<531152>
99. On this show's first episode, its title character begins attending Medford High School
with his older brother, Georgie. For 10 points each—
A. Name this sitcom that stars Iain Armitage [“Ian” ARM-uh-tidj] as a child prodigy [PRAH-duh-jee].
answer: Young Sheldon
B. Young Sheldon is a prequel to this long-running CBS show depicting the Caltech physicist
Sheldon Cooper. It is named for an idea about the event that created the universe.
answer: The Big Bang Theory
C. Young Sheldon is narrated by this actor, who won four Emmys for playing Sheldon
Cooper on The Big Bang Theory.
answer: Jim Parsons (or James Joseph Parsons)
<532204>
100. In 1958, this nation's Fourth Republic was overthrown by a military coup led in the
Algeria departement. The Fifth Republic, its current government, has been led by (*)
Charles de Gaulle, Georges Pompidou, and Jacques Chirac. For 10 points—name this
country with capital Paris.
answer: France (or French Republic or République française)
<280375>
43
100. The intended Japanese target in this battle was confirmed by an intelligence ruse
involving a supposed lack of water. For 10 points each—
A. Name this June 1942 naval battle in which U.S. forces sank four Japanese aircraft
carriers.
answer: Battle of Midway
B. The U.S. victory at Midway marked a turning point in the Pacific theater of this war.
answer: World War II (or Second World War)
C. The U.S. forces at Midway were under the control of this commander of the U.S. Pacific
Fleet. He names the oldest currently operating U.S. aircraft carrier.
answer: Chester W(illiam) Nimitz (Sr.) (accept USS Nimitz)
<528847>
101. This metallic element whose ores include galena [guh-LEE-nuh] was known in ancient
Rome as plumbum [PLUM-bum]. A heavy metal, it can be (*) toxic if ingested, but
beneficial when used to block X-rays. Mechanical pencils contain graphite, not—for 10
points—what element removed from gasoline?
answer: lead (or Pb)
<277325>
101. Margaret Mitchell's only novel tells the story of a southern belle whose third husband is
a rascally Confederate gunrunner. For 10 points each—
A. Name that novel.
answer: Gone With the Wind
B. In Gone with the Wind, this southern belle and heir to Tara plantation marries Rhett
Butler.
answer: (Katie) Scarlett O'Hara (accept either underlined portion; prompt on “Hamilton” or
“Kennedy” or “Butler”)
C. Tara is near this city, the industrial center of the Confederacy, that was burned at the
beginning of Sherman's March to the Sea.
answer: Atlanta, Georgia
<290001>
102. Milo of Croton was famed for participating in this event that supposedly began in 776
BC. It involved the pankration, a fight with no rules, and the hoplitodromos, which
was run in full armor. (*) For 10 points—name this ancient athletic competition that, like
now, occurred every four years.
answer: ancient Olympic Games (or ancient Olympics; accept wrestling or wrestler before
“this event”)
<306986>
44
102. Most of the cells in it are erythrocytes [uh-RITH-roh-“sites”] that contain hemoglobin [HEE-moh-
gloh-bin] and transport oxygen throughout the body. For 10 points each—
A. Name this bodily fluid. Diseases involving it include anemia [uh-NEE-mee-uh].
answer: blood (accept red blood cells)
B. This yellow portion of the blood remains behind when all cellular material has been
removed; when clotting factors are removed, it is called serum.
answer: blood plasma
C. The 1943 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Carl Dam and Edward Doisy for
work on this vitamin important in clotting.
answer: vitamin K (accept phylloquinone [“FILE-oh”-KWIN-“own”] or menaquinone [MEH-nuh-KWIN-
“own”])
<269208>
103. The title character of this novel falls in love while stationed in Louisville, which the
narrator learns from Jordan Baker. In the end, George Wilson shoots the title (*)
millionaire. For 10 points—name this novel narrated by Nick Carraway, a work by F.
Scott Fitzgerald.
answer: The Great Gatsby
<278464>
103. A Nazi officer viewing a photo of this painting asked its artist “Did you do that?” to
which the artist replied, “No, you did.” For 10 points each—
A. Name this 1937 painting created in response to the bombing of a village during the
Spanish Civil War.
answer: Guernica [gair-NEE-kah]
B. This Cubist artist of The Old Guitarist painted Guernica.
C. Until 1981 Guernica was kept at this New York museum, as Picasso requested the
painting not go to Spain until a republic was restored.
answer: Museum of Modern Art (or the MoMA)
<531982>
104. Pencil and paper ready. Marissa needs to know the product that results from
multiplying the three numbers [read slowly] 20 times 30 times 40. By first computing 2
times 3 times 4, then multiplying that result by the appropriate power of 10, she finds
(*) —for 10 points—what product of 20 times 30 times 40?
answer: 24,000 [20 × 30 × 40 = (2 × 10) × (3 × 10) × (4 × 10) = (2 × 3 × 4) × (10 × 10 × 10) = (6 × 4)
× 1000 = 24 × 1000 = 24,000]
<531777>
104. He wrote about a woman who has an affair with Count Vronsky [VRAHN-skee] in his novel
Anna Karenina. For 10 points each—
A. Name this Russian author, whose other works include The Death of Ivan Ilyich [ee-VAHN ee-
LEECH].

B. Prince Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov are among the main characters of this
epic novel by Tolstoy.
45
answer: War and Peace (or Voyna i Mir)
C. War and Peace is primarily set in the era around this French leader's 1812 invasion of
Russia.
accept Napoleon I)
<278014>
105. This substance is synthesized in cells during ”S phase,” and its subunits include the
base thymine [“THIGH”-meen]. Its structure, discovered by James Watson and Francis
Crick, is organized into (*) chromosomes. Genetic information is carried in—for 10
points—what double helix of nucleic acid?
answer: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
<276943>
105. This scientist is the namesake of 15 finch species found on the Galápagos [gah-LAH-pah-gohss]
Islands. For 10 points each—
A. Name this naturalist whose expeditions on the HMS Beagle formed the basis for his book
On the Origin of Species.
answer: Charles (Robert) Darwin
B. In The Origin of Species, Darwin proposed that this biological process arises from natural
selection.
answer: evolution
C. Natural selection argues that an organism with this property, being favorably adapted to
one's environment, is more likely to pass on its genes to future generations than one that
isn't.
answer: reproductive fitness
<278378>
106. Atalanta [at-uh-LAN-tuh] lost a footrace when she was distracted by three of these things.
Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite [af-roh-“DIE”-tee] fought over one of these “for the fairest,”
thrown by Discord. (*) For 10 points—the Hesperides [heh-“SPARE”-ih-deez] orchard had a
golden type of what fruit, whose poisonous variety almost doomed Snow White?
answer: apple(s)
<287868>
106. Pencil and paper ready. The function f of x equals 3x plus 1, [pause] while the function g
of x equals x plus 3. For 10 points each—
A. What is the only value of x for which f and g return the same output value?
answer: x = 1 [f = g, so 3x + 1 = x + 3, so 2x = 2, and x = 1]
B. What is the value of either f of 1 or g of 1?
answer: 4 [f(1) = (3 × 1) + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4; g(1) = 1 + 3 = 4]
C. In terms of x, what is the composite function f of g of x? You have 10 seconds.
answer: 3x + 10 (or 10 + 3x) [f(g(x)) = f(x + 3) = 3(x + 3) + 1 = 3x + 9 + 1 = 3x + 10]
<532091>
46
107. The elementary amount of this quantity was measured by Robert Millikan's oil-drop
experiment. Coulomb's [KOO-lohmz] law gives the force between point values of this
quantity, and quarks carry (*) fractional amounts of it. For 10 points—what quantity is
non-zero for an ion and negative for an electron?
answer: electric charge
<278478>
107. On this battle's third day, troops under Richard Ewell led an assault on Culp's Hill. For
10 points each—
A. Name this early July 1863 battle. Its third day also included the largest artillery
bombardment of the war, followed by a massive Confederate attack.
answer: Battle of Gettysburg
B. The Battle of Gettysburg was fought in this northern state.
answer: Pennsylvania (or Commonwealth of Pennsylvania)
C. The decisive action of Gettysburg's third day was a “charge” named for this Confederate
major general against the Union center occupying Cemetery Ridge.
answer: George Pickett (accept Pickett's Charge)
<501337>
108. This figure prevented the beast Cetus [SEE-tuss] from eating the Ethiopian princess
Andromeda [ann-DRAW-meh-duh]. Winged sandals allowed this figure to travel to a cave
where he used a mirrored shield to avoid looking directly at a (*) snake-haired woman.
For 10 points—name this Greek hero who slew the Gorgon Medusa.
answer: Perseus [PUR-see-uss]
<323634>
108. In a story, one of these creatures obtains a potion from a sea-witch to turn into a human.
A. Name these female creatures with the head and torso of a woman and the tail of a fish.
answer: mermaids (accept The Little Mermaid)
B. “The Little Mermaid” is one of this Danish author's many fairy tales.
answer: Hans Christian Andersen
C. Stories about mermaids may have evolved from these creatures of Greek myth who
would lure sailors to their death with their beautiful song.
answer: Sirens (or Seirenes)
<493192>
109. Plugging 3 into the formula of the Titius-Bode [BOH-duh] law yields a distance of 2.8
astronomical units, which lies within this region that contains the orbits of 10 Hygiea
[hye-JEE-uh], 2 (*) Pallas [“palace”], 4 Vesta, and 1 Ceres [“series”]. Mars and Jupiter orbit on
either side of—for 10 points—what “belt” of planetoids?
answer: asteroid belt (accept asteroid belt after “belt”)
<290147>
47
109. Under standard conditions, this substance is a yellow-green gas. For 10 points each—
A. Name this chemical element with atomic number 9 that exists as a diatomic [“DIE”-uh-TAH-
mik] molecule.
answer: fluorine (or F; accept F2)
B. Fluorine is the lightest of these group 17 elements that are one electron short of having a
full valence shell.
answer: halogens [HAL-uh-jenz]
C. Fluorine has the highest value of any element on the Pauling scale for this quantity, the
tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
answer: electronegativity
<289991>
110. This European country was ruled by the Braganza family from 1640 until Manuel II
was deposed in 1910. Earlier, its House of Aviz was founded by John I, whose sons
included Prince (*) Henry the Navigator. For 10 points—name this country that
colonized Brazil and whose capital is Lisbon.
answer: Portugal (or Portuguese Republic or República Portuguesa; accept Kingdom of
Portugal or Reino de Portugal)
<306542>
110. One character in this work is The Businessman, who thinks that he owns the stars. For
10 points each—
A. Name this Antoine de Saint-Exupéry [an-twahn duh sant-egg-zoo-pay-ree] work about a young
man who asks the narrator to draw a sheep.
answer: The Little Prince or Le Petit Prince
B. The Little Prince lives on one of these common space objects which is only the size of a
house, but he calls it a planet. It is named B-612.
answer: asteroid
C. This character in The Little Prince sits all day drawing maps, but refuses to leave his desk
to examine his surroundings.
answer: The Geographer
<287991>
48
111. Charles' law holds that for gases, this quantity is proportional to temperature. It can
be measured by water displacement or with a (*) graduated cylinder, and dividing mass by
this quantity gives density. For 10 points—name this quantity whose units include cubic
meters and liters.
answer: volume (prompt on “V”)
<289898>
111. This comic book character shot police commissioner Jim Gordon's daughter, Barbara,
which left her paralyzed. For 10 points each—
A. Name this insane villain who usually is depicted with green hair.
answer: Joker
B. The Joker is one of the chief adversaries of this hero, who is assisted by a sidekick named
Robin.
answer: Batman (or Bruce Wayne) (accept any underlined portion)
C. Batman's other foes include Jonathan Crane, who is known by this name. He uses a
“fear toxin” to make his victims experience hallucinations.
answer: Scarecrow
<531686>
112. This novel begins by noting a “hole in the ground” was “not a nasty, dirty, wet hole.”
This novel's protagonist journeys to Erebor—the (*) Lonely Mountain—with Thorin
Oakenshield to help reclaim treasure from the dragon Smaug. For 10 points—name
this J. R. R. Tolkien novel about Bilbo Baggins.
answer: The Hobbit (do not accept or prompt on “(The) Lord of the Rings”)
<531845>
112. For 10 points each—answer the following about the world's largest public squares:
A. Four of the seven largest public squares in the world are in this country, including
Tiananmen Square [tee-yahn-ahn-men “square”] in Beijing.
answer: China (or People's Republic of China or PRC or Zhongguo or Zhonghua Renmin
Gongheguo; do not accept or prompt on “Republic of China”)
B. Another of the largest squares, the kilometer-long Merdeka [murr-DEH-kah] Square, is in this
capital of Indonesia.
answer: Jakarta [juh-KAR-tah]
C. Sunflower Square, the largest square outside of Asia, is in this country whose capital
was designed by Oscar Niemeyer [NEE-my-yerr].
answer: Brazil (or Federative Republic of Brazil or República Federativa do Brasil)
[Niermeyer designed Brazil's capital of Brasilia.]
<527644>
113. The loser of this country's 1221 civil war was exiled to the Oki Islands. In the 1281
battle of Battle of Koan, an invading Mongol fleet was destroyed by the (*) kamikaze
typhoon, saving the Kamakura shogunate. The Jokyu War occurred in—for 10
points—what country ruled from Kyoto?
answer: Japan (or Nippon or Nihon)
<294722>
49
113. For 10 points each—answer the following about cultural sites in Moscow:
A. This palace complex in Moscow includes the official residence of the Russian president.
It is used to refer to Russia's government in the same way “the White House” is used in
the U.S.
answer: (Moscow) Kremlin
B. The Kremlin stands near a square named for this color, which made up most of the
Soviet Union's flag, along with a yellow hammer, sickle, and star.
answer: Red (or Red Square)
C. Moscow also includes the “world” museum for this artistic form of writing, particularly
prized in the Islamic world.
answer: calligraphy (or World Calligraphy Museum)
<532092>
114. Raoult's law explains the namesake “depression” of this quantity, at which the heat of
fusion must be added or removed. Tungsten's is lower only than (*) carbon. For 10
points—name this temperature where a substance changes between solid and liquid
forms, which for water is 0 degrees Celsius.
answer: melting point or freezing point (accept crystallization point; accept freezing point
depression)
<289899>
114. In the last novel finished by this author, Anne Elliot marries Frederick Wentworth years
after their initial engagement had been broken. For 10 points each—
A. Name this British author of Persuasion, which—like her other novel Northanger Abbey—
was published posthumously.
answer: Jane Austen
B. Elizabeth Bennet marries Mr. Darcy in this novel by Austen with an alliterative title.
C. The Dashwood family is depicted in a novel by Austen whose title pairs the word
“sense” with this similar-sounding trait.
answer: sensibility (accept Sense and Sensibility)
<531722>
115. This character meets a group of beings who are considered dead at age 80, and goes
with a Dutch trader to Japan. He is sentenced to be blinded after disobeying a king
who is one-twelfth his (*) size. For 10 points—name this visitor to Lilliput [LIH-luh-put] in
a Jonathan Swift novel.
answer: Lemuel Gulliver (accept either underlined portion; accept Gulliver's Travels or
Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver,
First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships)
50
<277320>
115. One of the symbols for this operation looks like a horizontal line with dots above and
below, and is called an obelus [AH-buh-luss]. For 10 points each—
A. Name this arithmetic operation whose result is called a quotient [KWOH-shent].
answer: division
B. Because a divided by b does not necessarily equal b divided by a, division does not have
this property.
answer: commutative property or commutativity
C. This set consists of all numbers that can be written as one integer divided by another,
nonzero integer.
answer: rational numbers or the rationals (prompt on “Q”)
<529897>
116. This man's journey was delayed by the death of Pope Clement IV [“the fourth”]. His trek
fulfilled a request for Jerusalem lamp oil, and he described paper money, but not
footbinding or (*) chopsticks. For 10 points—name this Venetian who traveled to the
Chinese court in the 13th century.
answer: Marco Polo
<306769>
116. For 10 points each—answer the following about square roots:

A. What is the square root of 81?
answer: 9
B. What is the term for the square roots of negative numbers?
answer: imaginary numbers (prompt on “(multiples of) i” or “complex number(s)”)
C. Graphing ”y equals the square root of x” produces half of what conic section?
answer: parabola [puh-RAB-uh-luh] (or parabolic curve)
<532039>
117. This philosopher 's school emphasizes the “five relationships,” including “ruler and
subject.” The compilation of the Five Classics, including the Book of Rites, is
traditionally attributed to this philosopher. The (*) Analects [AN-uh-lekz] collect the
teachings of—for 10 points—what Chinese philosopher?
answer: Confucius (or Kongzi or Kong Qiu or Zhongni or Kong Fuzi or K'ung Fu-tzu)
<531723>
117. This city was founded as the Ciudad de Los Reyes [SYOO-dad day los RAY-ace] in the Rimac
[REE-mahk] River valley in 1535. For 10 points each—
A. Name this capital city of Peru.
answer: Lima [LEE-mah]
B. The area of what is now Lima was formerly controlled by this pre-Columbian empire
centered in Peru. Its capital was Cuzco [KOOZ-koh].
answer: Incan empire (or Inca civilization or Incas or Tawantinsuyu)
C. Lima is the second-most-populous city in South America, behind this Brazilian city that
is the most-populous in both South America and all of the Western Hemisphere.
answer: São Paulo [sawn PAO-loo]
<530554>
51
118. The substance Henry Cavendish discovered and called “inflammable air” was really
this element; an isotope of it called deuterium [doo-TEER-ee-um] is found in heavy water.
A molecule of (*) water has two atoms of—for 10 points—what element with atomic
number 1 and atomic symbol H?
answer: hydrogen (or H)
<278219>
118. For 10 points each—answer the following about SI units used in physics:
A. This base unit of length or distance is abbreviated “m.”
answer: meter(s) (or metre(s))
B. This unit measures the potential difference between two points in a circuit. It is
derived from the name of an Italian scientist who built the first battery.
answer: volt(s) (do not accept or prompt on “Volta”)
C. The pascal [pass-KAL] measures this ratio of a force to the area over which it is applied.
The atmosphere applies 14.7 pounds per square inch of this concept to everything on
Earth.
answer: pressure (accept air pressure or atmospheric pressure)
<532113>
119. In lyonization [LYE-uh-nuh-ZAY-shun], these entities become Barr bodies. They are
displayed in karyotypes [KAIR-ee-uh-“types”], and polyploid [PAH-lee-ployd] organisms have
multiple sets of them. One extra one can cause (*) Down syndrome, a form of trisomy
[TRY-suh-mee]. Genetic material is stored in—for 10 points—what structures of which
human cells have 46?
answer: chromosomes (accept X chromosomes or sex chromosomes before “polyploid”)
<290085>
119. In 1640 this company ended Portugal's cinnamon monopoly by seizing Sri Lanka's [shree
LAHN-kuh's] port of Galle [GAH-leh]. For 10 points each—
A. Name this joint-stock company known as the VOC [“V-O-C”] in its home country. It
competed with a similarly-named “British” counterpart.
answer: Dutch East India Company (or Dutch East Indies Company or United East India
Company or Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; prompt on “East India Company”;
do not accept or prompt on “VOC”)
B. In 1638 the company founded a port on the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius [mah-RISH-us],
where within 25 years, settlers hunted this native bird to extinction.
answer: dodo
C. The company prospered despite the Eighty Years' War, a revolt against this Iberian
kingdom ruled by Philip II.
<531296>
120. In a notorious 1964 film, this man “Conquers the Martians.” Edmund Gwenn was
Macy's version in Miracle on 34th Street, (*) Tim Allen became him after a roof accident
in a 1994 film, and Jim Carrey's Grinch pretended to be him. For 10 points—name this
Christmas visitor who fills stockings.
answer: Santa Claus
<261268>
52
120. For 10 points each—answer these questions about cholesterol:
A. Each molecule of cholesterol contains 27 atoms of what element with atomic number 6
that is the basis of organic chemistry?
answer: carbon (or C)
B. Along with the intestines, what organ creates most of the body's cholesterol? This
organ drained by the hepatic [heh-PAT-ik] veins also metabolizes alcohol.
answer: liver
C. Cholesterol is concentrated in which part of the cell whose lipid bilayer separates the cell
from the outside environment?
answer: cell membrane (or plasma membrane; do not accept or prompt on “cell wall”)
<532068>
53

【120题】NAQT Mini 2023

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【120题】NAQT Mini 2023

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NAQT Mini Tournament

The minimal information for a correct answer is underlined.

3. If you find mistakes in these questions, please let us know.

1. For 10 points each—name these chemical elements found in Earth's atmosphere:

2. This organelle [OR-guh-NEL] is where oxidative phosphorylation [AHK-sih-DAY-tiv FOS-foh-rih-LAY-

4. Alexander Lukashenko [LOO-kah-SHEN-koh] is the longtime president of this country, which

11. For 10 points each—name these particles:

17. It produces bile, which aids in digestion. For 10 points each—

20. For 10 points each—name these parts of the eye:

25. For 10 points each—name these comedies by William Shakespeare:

33. For 10 points each—name these planets:

46. For 10 points each—name these tragedies by William Shakespeare:

47. For 10 points each—answer these questions about polygons:

57. For 10 points each—name these cities in China:

58. For 10 points each—name these subatomic particles:

+ 5 + -3)/3 = 2, so x + 2 = 6, and x = 4.]

A. This iconic Renaissance [REN-ih-sahnss] portrait of a mysteriously-smiling woman was

70. For 10 points each—name these elements associated with water:

93. Consider the mathematical expression a to the n. For 10 points each—

answer: Leo Tolstoy [“TOLL”-stoy] (or Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy)

116. For 10 points each—answer the following about square roots:

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