HOA 212: HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2

Instructions: Fill with information in the box provided in every era and architectural influences. (Pictures or drawings may be included/inserted for
better presentation or explanation.
NAME PAUL JUSTIN A. MARCELINO YEAR AND SECTION: BS ARCHITECTURE - 2A
GOTHIC

Geographical From the 10th to the 13th century, Romanesque architecture became widespread across Europe, influencing buildings from
Location Ireland to Croatia and Sweden to Sicily. As Romanesque evolved into Gothic architecture, its acceptance and expression
varied by location. Modern country borders didn't necessarily define these stylistic divisions. Some regions like England and
Spain had distinct Gothic characteristics, while others, like northern France, saw a multitude of churches and cathedrals due
to factors like geography, economics, and politics.

Geological The other Scandinavian nations and Poland were impacted by trade relations with the Hanseatic League, while Norway came under
Conditions the influence of England. While Lusignan rulers introduced French Gothic architecture to Cyprus, Angevin kings extended the French
Gothic culture to Southern Italy.

Climate It has been noted that the sun in Northem Europe is better suited for Gothic architecture than for Classical architecture because it
wheels somewhat low on average across the sky, and shadows are better captured by outstretched buttresses and flying lateral
members of a Gothic facade than by the level lines of the heavy horizontal Classic cornices, which are more effective, under the
Grecian or Italian sun, which moves higher in the firmament. The reason behind Northern Europe's high-pitched Gothic roof was snow
and bad weather.

Religion The Gothic style of architecture, which spread across Europe during the Medieval period, was closely tied to the influence of
the Catholic Church. Bishops appointed by feudal lords often held significant power and controlled large estates.
Monasticism, particularly the Benedictine, Cluniac, and Cistercian orders, played a pivotal role in shaping the culture and
development of towns. St. Francis of Assisi and the Franciscans, as well as the Dominicans, made significant contributions to
Gothic church construction, especially in Italy.

Social and The roots of Gothic architecture are linked to the prosperity and growing independence of towns in Europe from the 11th
Political century onwards. By the end of the 12th century, Europe was divided into city states and kingdoms, with various degrees of
autonomy. Gothic architecture emerged in regions like modern-day Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, and
others, although it had influences from France and elsewhere. It is associated with the transition from feudalism to a
changing medieval social structure.

During this time, trade and urban growth were rapidly expanding, leading to the predominance of towns in Europe by the
HOA 212: HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2

Instructions: Fill with information in the box provided in every era and architectural influences. (Pictures or drawings may be included/inserted for
better presentation or explanation.
late 13th century. Civic buildings became symbols of wealth and pride in these prosperous towns, while in England and
France, grand architecture was more focused on kings, dukes, and bishops rather than town halls. This era also saw
increased freedom in construction professions, contributing to the blossoming of the Gothic style.

Historical •12"-13 centuries: Holy Roman Empire was reduced to the arca of Germany Only 3 great kingdoms were left: France,
England and Castile in Spain
•The rules, the church and townspeople spent wealth on building more castle, cathedrals and monasteries. • Towns competed
with each other to produce the best architecture.
• Some 4000 new towns were built to accommodate the rising population

•Towns became centers of trade- Paris, Milan, Florence, Venice, Naples

•Mixtures of land ruled by nobles Feudal system-landlords ruled with tyranny

Architectural • Gothic" is a term used in reproach to this style, a departure from classic lines.
Character • Can be identified by the general use of pointed arch

• Also called "Medieval Architecture"

Example of (Discuss briefly the building and you may insert pictures of the most prominent buildings in these era, not less than 3
Building buildings)

Seville Cathedral (1402-1520 AD)

-largest Medieval church in Europe
HOA 212: HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2

Instructions: Fill with information in the box provided in every era and architectural influences. (Pictures or drawings may be included/inserted for
better presentation or explanation.
-second largest church in the world, next to St. Peter's. Rome

Burgos Cathedral (1221-1457 AD)

-irregular in plan
-most beautiful and peotic of all Spanish cathedrals

Notre Dame, Paris

-one of the oldest French cathedrals

-façade features successive tiers of niches with statues: Christ and French kings

-central wheel window

-two western towers with high pointed louvred openings
HOA 212: HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2

Instructions: Fill with information in the box provided in every era and architectural influences. (Pictures or drawings may be included/inserted for
better presentation or explanation.

Comparative Analysis
a. Plan (Discuss the form of the plan, configurations, unique qualities, etc.)

Most large Gothic churches and many smaller parish churches are of the Latin cross (or "cruciform") plan, with a long nave
making the body of the church, a transverse arm called the transept and, beyond it, an extension which may be called the
choic chancel or presbytery. There are several regional variations on this plan,

The nave is generally flanked on either side by aisles, usually single, but sometimes double. The nave is generally
considerably taler than the anles, having clerestory windows which light the central space Gothic churches of the Germanic
tradition, like St Stephen of Vienna often have nave and ales of similar height

b. Walls (Discuss the materials used, thickness, techniques and methods in construction, unique qualities, and etc.)

Gothic architecture did away with the thick, heavy walls, and rounded arches associated with Romanesque architecture by using flying
buttresses and ribbed vaulting to relieve the thrust of the building outward, allowing thinner and taller walls to be constructed

c. Openings (Discuss the materials, orientation of fenestrations, size, Shapes and etc.)

Gothic openings such as doorways, windows, arcades and galleries have pointed arches. A row of arches is called an arcade. A row of
arches that is up high on a building is a gallery. Rows of pointed arches were used to decorate walls

d. Roofs (Discuss the forms, materials, types of roofs, etc.)

Gothic architects began to use ribbed vaults to support a rounded roof in order to build extremely tall structures with tall windows.
These interesting vaults created visual interest and offered more support to tall gothic structures.

e. Columns (Discuss the scale, materials, types, sizes, distance to another column, etc.)

The slender columns and lighter systems of thrust allowed for larger windows and more light. The windows, tracery.
carvings, and ribs make up a dizzying display of decoration that one encounters in a Gothic church. In late Gothic buildings,
almost every surface is decorated.
HOA 212: HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2

Instructions: Fill with information in the box provided in every era and architectural influences. (Pictures or drawings may be included/inserted for
better presentation or explanation.

f. Moldings (Discuss the form inspirations, shapes, and sizes, uniqueness, etc.)

The mouldings, or ribs, are most evident in the vaulted ceilings of Gothic buildings. Rather than having a decorative function, Gothic
mouldings served primarily as weight bearers. Their hollows had great depth and featured dog-tooth ornament. See the individual
mouldings and specifications for further information.

g. Ornaments (Discuss the symbols, materials, scale and sizes, configurations and shapes, etc.)

The decorative schemes usually incorporated Biblical stones, emphasizing visual typological allegories between Old Testament
prophecy and the New Testament.
Many churches were very richly decorated, both inside and out. Sculpture and architectural details were often bright with coloured
paint of which traces remain at the Cathedral of Chartres Wooden ceilings and panelling were usually brightly coloured Sometimes the
stone columns of the nave were painted, and the panels it decorative wall arcading contained narratives or figures of saints. These
have rarely remained intact, but may be seen at the Chapterhouse of Westminster Abbey