SUBJECT: BIOLOGY

LEVEL: GRADE 10
UNIT: PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE/ ECOLOGY
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT SHEET: 4

DATE: 18.05.2023
DUE DATE: 22.05.2023
NAME -SURNAME:
CLASS - NO:

1. a) What is the possibility of forming an organism with AaBbCc genotype as a result of crossing an
individual with AaBBCC genotype and another with aabbCc genotype? Show your work

b) Elizabeth is married to John, and they have four children. Elizabeth has a straight
nose (recessive) and is able to roll her tongue (dominant). John is also able to roll his
tongue, but he has a convex (Roman) nose (dominant). Of their four children,
Ellen is just like her father; Dan is just like his mother; The other children—Anne, who has
a convex nose, and Peter, who has a straight nose—are unable to roll their tongues.
What are the genotypes of Elizabeth and John?

c) In a breed of cattle, the H allele for the hornless condition is dominant to the h allele for the horned
condition. In the same breed of cattle, the two alleles CR (red) and CW (white) control coat colour. When red
cattle were crossed with white cattle all the offspring were roan. Roan cattle have a mixture of red and
white hairs.
i. Explain what is meant by a dominant allele.

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ii. Name the relationship between the two alleles that control coat colour.

iii. Horned, roan cattle were crossed with white cattle heterozygous for the hornless condition. Compete the
genetic diagram to show the ratio of offspring phenotypes you would expect.
Parental phenotypes Horned, roan × hornless, white
Parental genotypes
Gametes
Offspring genotypes
Offspring phenotypes
Ratio of offspring phenotypes

2. In humans, the ABO blood groups are controlled by three alleles (only two of which occur in any one
individual): the alleles for A and B type blood are co-dominant, and both are dominant to the allele for O
type blood.
a) Children of blood groups A and O were born to parents of blood groups A and B. Complete the genetic
diagram to show the possible ABO blood group phenotypes of the children which could be produced
from these parents.
Parental phenotypes Blood group A Blood group B
Parental genotypes
Genotypes of gametes
Genotypes of children
Phenotypes of children

b) Determine the genotypes of the parents. One parent has type AB and the other has type B, but of the
children 1/4 have type A, 1/4 have type AB, and 1/2 have type B.

c) Human ABO blood groups are determined by the presence or absence of two antigens (A and B) on the
plasma membrane of the red blood cells. The inheritance of these blood groups is controlled by three
alleles:
A – determines the production of antigen A
B – determines the production of antigen B
O– determines the production of no antigen
i. Fill in the blanks given in the table.

Name Antigen on RBC Antibody in plasma

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 Kerem A
Can NONE
Derin Anti-A, Anti-B
Gökhan Anti-A

ii. The pedigree shows the pattern of

inheritance of these blood groups in a
family over three generations.
 Which antigen or antigens will be
present on the plasma membranes of
red blood cells of individual 5?

 If individuals 6 and 7 were to have

another child, what is the probability that
this child would be male and blood
group A? Explain your answer.

iii. Identify the blood group of the unknown patients labelled by I, II, III and IV. Does unknown patient II can
donate blood to I. State the reason briefly
Unknown patient’s Blood group Anti A Anti B Anti D
blood group
I + + +
II - - -
III + - -
IV - + +
(+) shows agglutination, ( -) shows no agglutination

3. a) Eye color in fruit flies is X-linked, with the recessive allele causing white eyes. Show the cross for a
white eyed female and a red eyed male. How many offspring will have white eyes and what is their sex?

a) Color blindness is a X-linked recessive trait. A woman who is heterozygous (a carrier) for colorblindness
marries a normal man:
i. What are the genotypes of the parents?

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 ii. What is the probability that a male offspring will have colorblindness? __________
iii. What is the probability of having a colorblind female offspring? _______

iv. Can a color blind female have a son that has normal vision?

c) List the possible genotypes of the following hemophilia pedigree chart below. Remember hemophilia is a
sex linked trait that is caused by a recessive allele, therefore you must denote the individuals sex
chromosomes (XNXn and XnY) as well as the hemophilia allele (n).

d) Muscular dystrophy is a X-linked recessive trait. What parental genotypes could produce a female with
muscular dystrophy?
Do the Punnett square. *use M = normal muscles, and m = muscles missing dystrophin protein

4.
a)
i) What is the most likely mode of inheritance for this pedigree?

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ii) State the genotypes of individuals # 6-8 in the following table using the letter ”B”. Use the uppercase
letter to represent the dominant allele and lowercase letter to represent the recessive allele.

iii. If Individuals #6 and #7 have another daughter what are the chances that she will be affected.

b) Examine the following pedigree chart of

color-blindness. In humans, color blindness is
caused by a recessive X-linked allele. On the
diagram, label the genotypes of the individuals
1, 6, 13, 15, and 16.

c) Pedigree shows a trait inherited on non-homologous part of

the Y chromosome.
According to this, which of the individuals numbered is wrong in
the representation?

5. What type of inheritance pattern is shown in the following pedigree (individuals with the phenotype are
shown in black)? Show your answer
I. Autosomal recessive
II. X-linked dominant
III. X-linked recessive
IV. Y-linked dominant

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 6.
a) List the factors that influence ecosystems
i. Biotic factors:

ii. Abiotic factors:

b) Match the given terms with the correct description

Terms Description
1. A) is a group of organisms of the same species that are living in the same
2. 1. SPECIES --------- area at the same time
3. B) is transition areas where two communities meet and integrate.
4. 2. COMMUNITY ---------
C) is a group of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile,
3. ECOTONE--------- viable offspring
D) refers to the whole of the responsibilities, jobs and roles that an organism
4. HABITAT --------- does in its habitat.
E) is a group of populations living together and interacting with each other
5. POPULATION ------- within a given area
F) is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular
6. ECOSYSTEM ------- species of animal, plant, or other type of organism.
G) is the global sum of all ecosystems.
7. NICHE ---------
H) is all the living things in a given area, interacting with each other, and
8. BIOSPHERE --------- also with their non-living environments.

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