CHAPTER – 5 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

LEVEL 1
1. In the F2 generation of a Mendelian dihybrid cross, the number
of phenotypes and genotypes are:
(a) phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 16
(b) phenotypes - 9; genotypes - 4
(c) phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 8
(d) phenotypes - 4; genotypes – 9
2. A cross between two tall plants resulted in offspring having few dwarf
plants. What would be the genotypes of both the parents?
(a) TT and Tt
(b) Tt and Tt
(c) TT and TT
(d) Tt and tt
3. Assertion – A gamete may carry either of the traits but not both.
Reason – This is Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct

explanation of Assertion.
B. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct
explanation of Assertion.
C. Assertion is true but Reason is false.
D. Both Assertion and Reason are false.

4. Conditions of a karyotype 2n ± 1 and 2n ± 2 are called:

(a) Aneuploidy
(b) Polyploidy
(c) Allopolyploidy
(d) Monosomy
5. Mention two contrasting flower related traits studied by Mendel in pea
plant experiments.
6. State a difference between a gene and an allele.

7. Name an autosomal dominant and one autosomal recessive Mendelian

disorder in humans.
8. Write the cause of Down’s syndrome in humans.
9. Name one plant and its feature that shows the phenomenon of
incomplete dominance.
LEVEL 2
10. Multiple allelism can be investigated only in populations. Justify.
11. In a test cross progeny of pea plants, all were bearing violet flowers. Give
the genotypes of the parent pea plants.
12. On what basis is skin colour in humans considered polygenic?
13. Morgan found that even on the same chromosome, recombination
between some gene pairs was higher than that between some other gene
pairs. Give reason for this observation.
14. How many chromosmes do drones of honey bee possess? Name the type
of cell division involved in the production of sperms by them.
15. Give an example of each of the following cases where
(a) the sperm is responsible and
(b) the ovum is responsible for sex determination.
LEVEL 3
16. A red eyed heterozygous female fruit fly is crossed with a white eyed
male. Work out the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the progeny.
17. Do you think Mendel’s laws of inheritance would have been different if
the characters he chose were located on the same chromosome? Why?
18. A colour blind son was born to normal parents. Give the genotypes of
the parents.
19. A genetic disorder is transferred from a phenotypically normal, but a
carrier female to some of her sons. What is the nature of the disease?
20. Write the symptoms of haemophilia and sickle cell anaemia in humans.
Explain how the inheritance pattern of the two diseases differ from each
other.
21. Mendel crossed a homozygous tall pea plant having purple flowers with
another dwarf pea plant bearing white flowers. He found that in some of
the F2 population new combination of parental characters were
observed. How will you explain the appearance of a new combination of
parental characters in F2-offsprings? Support your answer with the help
of Punnett square. (5marks)
EXTENDED LEARNING - Supplementary gene interaction.
Diagrams to be drawn in the note book:
- Independent assortment of chromosomes – Fig 5.9
- Linkage – Figure 5.11
- Pedigree Analysis – Fig – 5.14 (a) and (b)
- Amino acid composition of the relevant portion of beta chain of hemoglobin
(a) Normal individual and (b) Individual with sickle cell anaemia.