[MENDELIAN GENETICS] Biology Notes Outline

1. Define heredity –

2. List the seven pea plant characters that Gregor Mendel studied the inheritance of.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

3. What technique did Mendel use to control his plant breeding?

4. Mendel’s pea plants were true-breeding. What does this mean?

5. Label the P, F1, and F2 generation in this diagram.

Give the ratio for each color for the F1 and F2
generations.

Purple: ___________

White: ___________

Purple: ___________

White: ___________
[MENDELIAN GENETICS] Biology Notes Outline

Simple Mendelian Inheritance

6. Describe each of the four hypotheses of inheritance developed by Gregor Mendel.

a. Alleles -

b. Parental Inheritance –

c. Dominant/Recessive –

d. Law of Segregation –

7. In a Punnett Square, what is represented by…

a. The top letters –

b. The side letters –

c. Capital letters –

d. Lower-case letters –

e. Boxes within the square –

8. Define genotype –

9. Classify each of these genotypes:

a. BB –

b. Bb –

c. bb –

10. Define phenotype –

[MENDELIAN GENETICS] Biology Notes Outline

11. What individuals are bred during a test cross?

a. What will result from a test cross of a homozygous dominant individual?

b. What will result from a test cross of a heterozygous individual?

12. What did Gregor Mendel study when he conducted dihybrid crosses?

a. What was the resulting phenotypic ratio?

b. Did the traits influence each other’s inheritance?

c. What law predicts this kind of inheritance?

Other Forms of Inheritance

13. What is incomplete dominance?

a. Give an example.

14. What is codominance?

15. Human blood types follow rules of codominance. What genotypes result in each of the
following blood types?

AB –

A–

B–

O–
[MENDELIAN GENETICS] Biology Notes Outline

16. What is polygenic inheritance?

a. Give an example.

Chromosomal Inheritance

17. Define the chromosome theory of inheritance -

a. What is a loci?

18. What are linked genes?

19. Why did Thomas Hunt Morgan study fruit flies?

20. In Morgan’s fruit fly studies, wing size and body color were linked genes. However, some
offspring had phenotypes that did not match the parents. What are these called?

a. What was the mechanism that allowed this recombination to occur?

21. What are sex-linked traits?

a. Give an example.

22. Label a normal male, affected male, normal female, and female carrier in this pedigree chart.