1. Identify P, Q R and S in the case of normal human from given flow chart and select the correct option.

P Q R S
a. XX XY XY XX
b. XY XX XX XY
c. XX XY XX XY
d. XY XX XY XX

2. A cross was made between pure breeding pea plants one with round and green seeds
and the other with wrinkled and yellow seeds.
a) Write the phenotype of F1 progeny. Give reason for your answer.
b) Write the different types of F2 progeny obtained along with their ratio when F1
progeny was selfed.

3. The gene for red hair is recessive to the gene for black hair. What will be the hair colour
of a child if he inherits a gene for red colour from his mother and a gene for black hair
from his father? Express with the help of flow chart.

4. Study the data and answer the question following data.

(i) What is the term for this type of cross?

(ii) What does the data of the column marked F 1 indicate?
(iii) Express the genotype of the (a) Parents (b) F1 Progeny (c) F 2 Progeny.

5. Read the following and answer the questions:

Refer to the given table regarding results of the F2 generation of Mendelian cross.
(a) Which of the following would be the phenotype of F1 generation regarding given data of
F2 generation?
(b) Which of the following would be the genotype of parental generation described in the
above case.
(c) If a plant with wrinkled and green coloured seeds (S) is crossed with a plant having
wrinkled and yellow coloured seeds (R), what will be the probable phenotype of next
offspring?
OR
(c) Give reasons for the appearance of new combinations of characters in the F2 progeny.

6. How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival?

7. a] In a cross between violet flowered plants and white flowered plants, state the
characteristics of the plants obtained in the F1 progeny?
b] If 100 plants are produced in F2 progeny, then how many plants will show the
recessive traits?

8. In humans, there is a 50% probability of the birth of a boy and a 50% probability that
a girl will be born. Justify the statement on the basis of the mechanism of sex
determination in human beings.

9. How did Mendel explain that it is possible that a trait is inherited but not expressed in
an organism?
Or
Name the plant Mendel used for his experiment. What type of progeny was obtained by
Mendel in F1 and F2 generations when he crossed the tall and short plants? Write the
ratio he obtained in F2 generation.

10. A full green colour flower plant denoted by FFGG is crossbred with that of
constricted yellow colour flower plant denoted by ffgg. Work out a cross upto F2
generation for such type.
11. Plant with full green pod is said to be dominant. Plant with constricted
yellow pod is said to be homozygous recessive. Crossing of these two plants can also give
rise to plants with full yellow pod. Plants with constricted green pod are also produced.
(i) What conclusion could Mendel draw from this observation?
(ii) Work out a cross upto F2 generation for such type
OR

Figures (a) to (d) given below represent the type of ear lobes present in a family consisting of
2 children – Rahul, Nisha and their parents.

Excited by his observation of different types of ear lobes present in his family, Rahul
conducted a survey of the type of ear lobes found {Figure (e) and (f)} in his classmates. He
found two types of ear lobes in his classmates as per the frequency given below:

On the basis of above data answer the following questions.

a) Which of the two characteristics - ‘free ear lobe’ or ‘attached ear lobe’ appears to be
dominant in this case? Why?
b) Is the inheritance of the free ear lobe linked with sex of the individual? Give reason for
your answer.
c) What type of ear lobe is present in father, mother, Rahul and his sister Nisha? Write the
genetic constitution of each of these family members which explains the inheritance of this
character in this family? (Gene for Free ear lobe is represented by F and gene for attached ear
lobe is represented by f for writing the genetic constitution).
d) Suresh parents have attached ear lobe. What type of ear lobe can be seen in Suresh and his
sister Siya? Explain by giving genetic composition of all.

12. Plant with a full green pod is said to be homozygous dominant. Plant with constricted
yellow pods is said to be homozygous recessive. Crossing of these two plants can also give
rise to plants with full yellow pod. Plants with constricted green pod are also produced.
(i) What conclusion could Mendel draw from this observation?

(ii) Work out a cross up to F2 generation for such type

OR

a) Explain determination of sex among human beings, with the help of a diagram.

b) What is the difference between monohybrid and dihybrid cross.

c) list the seven pairs of contrasting characters given by Mendel.

13. A blue colour flower plant denoted by “BB” is cross-bred with that of a white colour flower
Plant denoted by “bb”.
a. State the colour of flower you would expect in their F1 generation plants. Represent F1 generation
result with the help of a flow diagram.
b. What must be the percentage of white flower plants in F2 generation if flowers of F1 plants are
self-pollinated?
c. State the expected ratio of the genotypes “BB” and ‘Bb” in the F2 progeny. What category of hybrid
cross is this?

14. An angiosperm plant having red coloured flowers when crossed with the other having the same
colour produced 40 progenies out of which 30 plants were with red coloured flowers 10 plants were
with white colour flowers.
Finds out :
(a) What is the possible genotype of parent plants?
(b) Which trait is dominated and recessive?
(c) What is this cross called as and what is its phenotypic ratio?

15. (i) What are dominant and recessive traits?

(ii) Is it possible that a trait is inherited but may not be expressed in the next generation? Give a
suitable example to justify this statement.

16. (i) Why did Mendel choose garden pea for his experiments? Write two reasons.
(ii) What are mono-hybrid and dihybrid cross?
(iii) How Mendel proved that tallness is the dominant trait and dwarfness is recessive in a pea plant?
Explain with the help of a mono-hybrid cross.