Monohybrid Cross:

In humans, brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue (b)*. A brown-
eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman and they have three children, two
of whom are brown-eyed and one of whom is blue-eyed. Draw the
Punnett square that illustrates this marriage. What is the man’s
genotype? What are the genotypes of the children?

If blue is recessive, what must the woman’s genotype be?

If that’s her genotype, what kind(s) of gametes (eggs) can she

produce?

If the man has brown eyes, but has a blue-eyed child what must his
genotype be?

If that’s his genotype, what kind(s) of gametes (sperm) can he

produce?

Testcross:

In dogs, there is an hereditary deafness caused by a recessive gene,

“d.” A kennel owner has a male dog that she wants to use for breeding
purposes if possible. The dog can hear, so the owner knows his
genotype is either DD or Dd. If the dog’s genotype is Dd, the owner
does not wish to use him for breeding so that the deafness gene will not
be passed on. This can be tested by breeding the dog to a deaf female
(dd). Draw the Punnett squares to illustrate these two possible crosses.
In each case, what percentage/how many of the offspring would be
expected to be hearing? deaf? How could you tell the genotype of this
male dog? Also, using Punnett square(s), show how two hearing dogs
could produce deaf offspring.

A deaf female is genotype dd. What kind(s) of gametes (eggs) can

she produce?

If the hearing male is DD, what kind(s) of gametes (sperm) can he

produce?

If he is Dd, what kind(s) of gametes can he produce?

If he is DD:

If he is Dd:

Sex-Linked Genes:

In humans, the genes for colorblindness and hemophilia are both

located on the X chromosome with no corresponding gene on the Y.
These are both recessive alleles. If a man and a woman, both with
normal vision, marry and have a colorblind son, draw the Punnett
square that illustrates this. If the man dies and the woman remarries to
a colorblind man, draw a Punnett square showing the type(s) of children
could be expected from her second marriage. How many/what
percentage of each could be expected?

A man with normal vision is XY. What kind(s) of gametes (sperm)

can he produce?

Any woman with normal vision could be XX or XX'.

Since this woman has a colorblind son (genotype X'Y), she has to be XX'
(a carrier).
What kind(s) of gametes (eggs) can she produce?

1. What are alleles?

2. The F1 and F2 offspring of the cross AA X aa would show
which genotype(s)?
3. In Mendel's crosses, which generation was always completely
heterozygous?
4. If an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with an
individual with a recessive phenotype, 4 of their 9 offspring
show the recessive phenotype. What is the genotype of the first
parent?
5. If two heterozygous parents have a homozygous recessive
child, what is the probability that the second child will also be
homozygous recessive?
6. What is meant by the word phenotype?
7. What is the genotype of a pea plant that shows the recessive
phenotype?
8. If red flowers are dominant, how would you find out the
genotype of a plant with red flowers? What kind of a cross
would you perform?
9. Let A = red flowers, a = white flowers, B = round seeds, and
b = wrinkled seeds. What combination of gametes could be
produced by an individual that is heterozygous for both traits?
10. Let A = red flowers, a = white flowers, B = round seeds,
and b = wrinkled seeds. What would a plant look like that had
the following genotypes:1) AABb 2) AaBb 3) Aabb.

11. Let A = red flowers, a = white flowers, B = round seeds,

and b = wrinkled seeds. Suppose that an investigator did a
 dihybrid cross and observed 16 offspring. How many of these
would you expect to have the phenotype red, round? How
many are expected to have the phenotype white, wrinkled?
How many are expected to have the phenotype white round?
How many are expected to have the phenotype red, wrinkled?
12. What phenotype ratio will be produced by the cross
AaBb X aabb?

13. What phenotype ratio is produced by a monohybrid

cross?
14. How many different kinds of gametes can be produced
by an organism with the genotype AABb? AaBb? Aabb?
15. What size Punnett square is needed to analyze the
following types of crosses? 1) AABB X aabb 2) AaBb X aabb
3) AaBb X AaBb 4) aabb X aabb 5) AAbb X aaBB

16. In humans, short fingers is dominant and long fingers is

recessive. Widow’s peak is dominant and straight hairline is
recessive. A short-fingered man with a straight hairline whose
mother had long fingers married a long fingered woman with
a widow’s peak. The woman’s mother had a straight hairline.
 What proportion of the offspring will be heterozygous for both
traits? [hint - draw a pedigree with the information that you
have]

17. List the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the human

blood types.
18. For each of the following, tell whether it is an example
of incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles,
polygenic inheritance, or none of these. (A). eye color in
humans (B). height in garden peas (C). ABO blood groups in
humans (D). height in humans (E). pink flowers in
heterozygous snapdragon