Class – 10th

Subject – Biology
Module 4
Topic – Heredity
Multiple choice questions:
1. The component of a chromosome that controls heredity is ____.
(a) proteins
(b) histones
(c) DNA
(d) RNA
2. The offspring resulting from a cross between two pure homozygous recessives would be
(a) 50% homozygous recessive and 50% homozygous dominant
(b) 75% homozygous recessive and 25% heterozygous dominant
(c) 75% homozygous recessive and 25% homozygous dominant
(d) 100% homozygous recessive.
3. What will be the genotypic ratio of the cross between Rr and Rr?
(a) 1:1
(b) 3:1
(c) 1:2:1
(d) 1:1:1
4. What will be the genotypic ratio of the cross between Rr and rr?
(a) 1:2:1
(b) 3:1
(c) 1:1
(d) 1:1:1
5. A zygote which has an X-chromosome inherited from the father will develop into a
(a) boy
(b) girl
(c) X- chromosome does not determine the sex of a child
(d) either boy or girl
6. The number of pair (s) of sex chromosomes in the zygote of humans is
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four
7. Number of chromosomes in a human male is _________.
(a) 23 chromosomes
(b) 25 pairs
(c) 22 pairs +XY
(d) 22 pairs
8. Two pink- coloured flowers on crossing resulted in 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white flower
progeny. The nature of the cross will be
(a) double fertilization
(b) self-pollination
 (c) cross-fertilisation
(d) no fertilization
9. Which of the following is totally impossible outcome of Mendel’s Experiment?
(a) 3 tall 1 short plant
(b) 24 tall and 8 short plants
(c) 8 tall and 0 short plant
(d) 4 tall plants and 1 medium height plant.
10. Which one is a possible progeny in F2 generation of pure-bred tall plant with round seed
and dwarf plant with wrinkled seeds?
(a) Tall plant with round seeds
(b) Tall plant with wrinkled seeds
(c) Dwarf plant with round seed
(d) All of the above
11. Which section of DNA provides information for one protein
(a) Nucleus
(b) Chromosomes
(c) Trait
(d) Gene

ASSERTION AND REASON BASED QUESTIONS

Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) as given
below.
i) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
iii) A is true but R is false.
iv) A is false but R is true.

o ASSERTION: Mendel chose pea plant for his experiments.

REASON: Pea plant provides diverse visible traits and has a short life span. Ans. i)
o ASSERTION: When heterozygous tall plants were self-crossed, the result obtained
were both tall and short plants.
REASON: Heterozygous plants contain both dominant and recessive alleles.
Ans. ii)
o ASSERTION: If a cross is made between purple (PP) and white flowers (pp), it would
result in an all-white flower progeny.
REASON: PP is the dominant gene. Ans. iv
o ASSERTION: A geneticist crossed a pea plant having violet flowers with a pea plant
with white flowers, he got all violet flowers in first generation.
REASON: White colour gene is not passed on to next generation. Ans iii
Short Answers/ Long Answers type questions
1. Name the scientific terms used to represent the following:
a. The branch of biology which deals with heredity and variation - Genetics
b. The transmission of traits from parents to offspring - Inheritance
c. Differences in a trait of an organism - Variations
d. A recognizable feature of an organism – Trait
e. An alternative form of a gene - Allele
2. Make a monohybrid cross between two homozygous contrasting traits for stem height in
garden pea. If F1 progenies were self pollinated to form F2. Find out phenotypes and
genotypes till F2 generations with the help of Punnett square.
3. A yellow colour, round seeded pea plant is dominant over green colour, wrinkled seeded
pea plant. A homozygous yellow round seeded plant is crossed to a green wrinkled seeded
plant and its F1 progenies obtained were self-pollinated to produce F2 offsprings. Find
out the phenotypes and genotypes of F1 and F2 offsprings with the help of a Punnett
square. Name the type of cross involved. Ans. Dihybrid cross
4. What will be the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of F1 generation of the cross between a
heterozygous tall plant and a dwarf plant?

5. A blue colour flower plant denoted by BB is cross bred with white coloured flower plant
denoted by bb.
i) State the colour of flower you would expect in F1 generation plants.
ii) What must be the percentage of white flower plants in F2 generation if flowers of F1
plants are self- pollinated?
iii) State the expected ratio of BB and bb in the F2 progeny.
iv) Which law of inheritance explains the occurrence of new combinations of genotypes in
the F2 progeny.
6. Mendel did not get any plants of medium height when he crossed pure tall plants with
pure dwarf plants. What inference can you draw from this observation?
Ans. Because dominant genes express themselves and suppress the effect of recessive
genes. So, no medium sized plants were obtained. (Law of Dominance)
7. After self-pollination in pea plants with round, yellow seeds, following types of seeds were
obtained by Mendel:
 Seeds Number
Round, yellow 630
Round, green 216
Wrinkled, yellow 202
Wrinkled, green 64
Analyse the result and describe the mechanism of inheritance which explains these results.

Ans. The ratio obtained is 9:3:3:1 in which parental as well as new combinations are observed.
This indicates that progeny plants have not inherited a single whole gene set from each parent.
Every germ cell takes one chromosome from the pair of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
When two germ cells combine, segregation of one pair of characters is independent of other
pair of characters.

8. In humans, there is a 50% probability of the birth of a boy and 50 % probability that a girl
will be born. Justify the statement on the basis of the mechanism of sex-determination in
human beings.
Ans. In human beings, the genes inherited from our parents decide whether we will be boys
or girls. Women have a perfect pair of sex chromosomes (XX). But men have a mismatched
pair (XY).

All children will inherit an X chromosome from their mother regardless of whether they are
boys or girls. Thus, the sex of the children will be determined by what they inherit from their
father. A child who inherits an X chromosome from her father will be a girl, and one who
inherits a Y chromosome from him will be a boy.
9. Observe the following cross between tall plants having round seeds and dwarf plants
having wrinkled seeds. The individuals obtained in the F1-generation were thereafter self-
crossed.
TTRR × ttrr
(Tall, Round) (Dwarf, wrinkled)
TtRr × TtRr (F1- generation self-crossed)
(Tall, round)
(i) With the help of a punnett square find out the phenotypes of the individuals obtained in
the F2-generation? Give their ratios.
(ii) Why do you think all the individuals of the F1-generation were tall with round seeds?
10. Pooja has green eyes while her parents and brother have black eyes. Pooja’s husband Ravi
has black eyes while his mother has green eyes and father has black eyes. 4
marks
(a) On the basis of the above given information, is the green eye colour a dominant or
recessive trait? Justify your answer.
(b) What is the possible genetic makeup of Pooja’s brother’s eye colour?
(c) What is the probability that the offspring of Pooja and Ravi will have green eyes?
Also, show the inheritance of eye colour in the offspring with the help of a suitable cross.
OR
(c) 50% of the offspring of Pooja’s brother are green eyed. With help of cross show how
this is possible.

Ans. a. Yes, green eye colour is recessive (½ mark) as it will express only in homozygous
condition (½ mark)
b. BB, Bb (1 mark)
c. bb × Bb (0.5mark)
B b
b Bb bb
b Bb bb
Genetic cross - (1 mark)
50% of the offsprings can have green eye colour (0.5)
OR
c. Brother is heterozygous (Bb) and wife is green(bb) - (1)
Wife bb × Bb brother
B b
b Bb bb
b Bb bb
50% of the offsprings can have green eye colour as per the cross shown. (1 mark)