Bio-mechanical Principles of tooth preparation

Learning objectives
• 1.Understand and Analyse various factors affecting a partial
denture (C4 )
• 2.Apply the knowledge in the designing of the Fixed partial
denture (C3)
Introduction
Schillingburg Retention &
Resistance form

Conservation of Preservation of
tooth structure periodontium

Marginal Structural
integrity durability
 Biological
• Conservation of tooth
structure- Pulp Mechanical
protection • Retention form
• Conservation of • Resistance form
Periodontium • Deformation
• Structural durability
• Occlusion

Esthetic
• Display of metal
• Porcelain thickness
• Sub gingival margins
• Porcelain coverage

Rosensteil
Mechanical Principles of tooth preparation

Resistance
Retention Deformation
 Retention

Quality of a preparation that prevents the restoration from

becoming dislodged by such forces parallel to path of withdrawal is
known as Retention
• Magnitude of forces- Sticky food
• Geometric form: Taper F
A
Surface area C
• Type of Preparation T
O R
• Path of withdrawal R E
S T
• Roughness of surfaces E
A N
• Materials being cemented F T
F I
• Area under sheer E O
C N
• Luting agent T
I
Type N
Film thickness G

• Auxiliary retentive features

 TAPER

A taper of 6° between two opposing

walls is considered optimal
Retention decreases as taper increases
 Surface area

Crowns with long axial walls are more

retentive than those with short axial
walls.

Of two preparations of equal height and

taper, the wider will have greater retention
than the narrower.
Surface area is influenced by the
•Size of the tooth
•Extent of coverage of the restoration
•Auxiliary features
Path of withdrawal

Retention is enhanced by restricting the possible paths of withdrawal or

paths of insertion.
The addition of parallel sided grooves limits the path of withdrawal to one
direction thereby reducing the possibility of dislodgment.
When one of the four axial walls is
missing or left uncovered the
potential paths of withdrawal are
greatly increased and retention is
compromised.
 Roughness of the surface/materials being cemented
Failure of a restoration generally occurs at cement-restoration
interface rather than tooth cement interface.

Base metal/ composite

Therefore retention will be increased if restoration is roughened. may

be done by air-abrading the fitting surface with 50µm of Alumina.
 Area under shear
For the shear strength of the cement to be utilized, the preparation must
have opposing walls, i.e., two surfaces of the preparation must be nearly
parallel with each other and the line of draw.

Opposing divergent internal walls Opposing convergent external walls

 Type of luting agent

Thickness of luting agent

25µ
 Auxiliary retentive features

Retention is achieved by substituting grooves, boxes or pins

Resistance form…..

…To be continued
Bio-mechanical Principles of tooth preparation
-2
Resistance prevents dislodgement of a restoration by forces
directed in an apical, horizontal or oblique forces
 Length & Resistance

Longer preparations with less taper are

most resistant
Taper & Resistance

The resisting area decreases as the

preparation taper, increases
Width & Resistance

A preparation with a height to width ratio of

1:1 can have a wall inclination of 15 degrees
and still have effective resistance. A
preparation with a ratio of 1:2 can have an
individual wall inclination no greater than 7
degrees without seriously compromising
resistance

Height and width ratio

 Extent of coverage& Resistance

A partial coverage restoration will have

less resistance than a complete crown

Grooves Wings
Resistance may be increased by providing
boxes, grooves, slots which interfere with
rotational movement and increase
resistance
 Biological
• Conservation of tooth
structure- Pulp
protection
• Structural durability
• Conservation of
Periodontium- Marginal
integrity
• Occlusion
 • Conservation of tooth structure-

• Preparation Thermal injury

• Taper Chemical injury
• Reduction Bacterial injury
• Margins

• Pulp protection
• Conservation of tooth structure- Adjacent teeth
• Conservation of tooth structure- Soft tissues
Structural durability