Seminar Paper on Development Policy Analysis

PRADHAN MANTRI
UJJWALA YOJANA
PRESENTED BY SURAJ KUMAR MAURYA
 INTRODUCTION
3

RATIONALE
4

OBJECTIVES

CONTENTS
5

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
6
FRAMEWORK FOR
ANALYSIS
13
 Introduction
➢ The scheme was launched on 1st May 2016 in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh by the
Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri. Narendra Modi.
➢ The objective of this scheme is to make clean cooking fuels such as LPG
available to the rural and deprived households which were otherwise using
traditional cooking fuels such as firewood, coal, cow-dung cakes etc.
➢ This scheme has three main objectives
❑ To promote women’s empowerment
❑ To provide a healthy cooking fuel
❑ To prevent hazards and health-related issues among the millions of rural
populations due to the use of fossil fuels.
➢ The target under the scheme was to release 8 Crore LPG Connections to
the deprived households by March 2020.
➢ The release of 8 Crore LPG connections under the scheme has also helped
in increasing the LPG coverage from 62% on 1st May 2016 to 99.8% as on
1st April 2021.
➢ Under the Union Budget for FY 21-22, provision for release of additional 1
Crore LPG connections under the PMUY scheme has been made. In this
phase, special facility has been given to migrant families.

presentation title 3
Rationale
❖Traditional Cooking Fuel Usage: Detrimental impacts on Health and
Environment.

❖Cooking fuel: Affordability as a right. Analyzing the outreach.

❖SDG goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy

❖Success on New enrolments. Not transcending to sustainability through

refilling.
Objectives
What are the flaws in
To analyze the impact of Pradhan
implementing the PMUY To analyse the status of new enrolment
Mantri Ujjwala Yojana on the
scheme.
adoption of clean fuel in of
and refilling data in the state of
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.

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Review of Literature
1. The background and Need of PMUY
Title of the paper Author Findings

Trend in household energy Khaiwal Ravindra, In this paper, the authors talked about the different types of fuel used in households for
consumption pattern in India: Maninder Kaur- cooking in India. The decadal trend in household energy consumption patterns shows
A case study on the influence Sidhu , Suman Mor , that 77.5% of rural households in India rely on solid biomass fuel for cooking.
of socio-cultural factors for Siby John (2019) Further, during the last 30 years, only 2% of rural households shifted from solid biomass
the choice of clean fuel use fuel to cleaner fuels.
Firewood, forests, and fringe Sarika Khanwilkar, The major findings of this paper is that household recently adopting LPG, likely through
populations: Exploring the Carlos F. Gould, PMUY, are poorer, more socially marginalized, less educated, and have more forest
inequitable socioeconomic Ruth DeFries, Bilal available nearby than their early-adopter counterparts. While 90% of LPG-using
dimensions of Liquified Habib, Johannes households continue to use firewood, households that have owned LPG for more
Petroleum Gas (LPG) Urpelainen (2021) years report spending less time collecting firewood, indicating a waning reliance on
adoption in India firewood over time. Despite overall growth in LPG use, disparities in access to clean
cooking fuels remain between socioeconomic groups in India.
Transition to LPG for Ashutosh Sharma, The study finds that there could be common as well as location-specific factors driving
cooking: A case study from Jyoti Parikh, LPG transition. Income linkages with LPG usage may be weak in regions with a high
two states of India Chandrashekhar prevalence of home-produced or collected solid fuel consumption. Duration of LPG
Singh (2019) acquisition, considered in the study as a factor of behavioural aspect, has emerged as an
important variable promoting LPG transition over time. The analysis suggests that the
LPG capital subsidy scheme, PMUY, has provided a trigger for LPG transition
among beneficiary households.
6
PART-2: IMPACT OF THE SCHEME
Title of the paper Authors Findings

Impact Of LPG Subsidy On Socio- Shubhi Jain (Research In this article, the author finds that the meaning of subsidy is to provide the
economic Upliftment: A Study In Scholar)& Prof. V.K consumption privilege to the poor. This study highlights the impacts of subsidies
Uttar Pradesh Gangal (2020) on the standard of living and overall Development of society. So to avoid the
“chulha trap’ causing diseases over pollution and combustion prevailing in the
rural and some urban areas, LPG subsidies should be equally and directly given
to poor households.

Using sales data to assess cooking Abhishek Kar, Shonali
gas adoption and the impact of Pachauri , Rob Bailis
India’s Ujjwala programme in rural and Hisham Zerriffi
Karnataka
In this paper, the authors analyse multi-year LPG sales data from a district in
Karnataka to assess enrolment and consumption trends for both PMUY
beneficiaries and general (non-PMUY) rural consumers. They find rapid
growth in enrolments of LPG consumers, but this is not matched by an
increase in LPG sales. They also find no observable increase in LPG
consumption among general rural consumers with years of experience.

Subsidized LPG Scheme and the Rajesh Kalli, Pradyot First, they investigate the intensity of adoption and refill of LPG under the
Shift to Cleaner Household Energy Ranjan Jena and PMUY scheme. Secondly, they use household and other demographic
Use: Evidence from a Tribal Shunsuke Managi characteristics to examine the factors that influence households’ decision to
Community of Eastern India (2022) use LPG as cooking fuel. They observe that household income and education
played a significant role in the adoption of LPG and continued usage of LPG
gas.

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Part-3: Current status of the scheme
Title of the paper Authors Findings
The refill gap: clean cooking fuel Bodie Cabiyo, Isha This paper finds that from 2016 to 2019, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves
adoption in rural India Ray and David I were distributed to 80 million people through PMUY Scheme, but evidence
Levine (2021) shows widespread continued use of the traditional chulha, negating the potential
health benefits of LPG. Also finds, there is a gap in refilling cylinders because
of norms of low female power in the household neither the money nor the
mobile phone is required to order a timely refill.
54% Indian households still using Goan Connection The finding of this article is that 84 per cent of households that use
firewood, cow dung as cooking fuel: Article(2021) traditional solid fuels along with LPG cite high cylinder costs as one of
Study their reasons for stacking fuels. Reasons for fuel stacking include a preference
for cooking on traditional chulhas (72 per cent of households), the availability
of free biomass (59 per cent of households), and the limited availability of LPG
refills (46 per cent of households).
Despite having LPG cylinders, rural Mithilesh Dhar This article finds out that due to the increase in the price of gas cylinders,
women are back cooking on Dubey several rural beneficiaries of the Ujjwala Yojana find it unaffordable and have
woodfired stoves (2021) been forced to revert to woodfire cooking, a health hazard.

Fueling problems: India’s poor are Seema Prasad This article concludes that due to LPG prices crossing the Rs 1,000 mark, the
being forced to return to unclean (2022) poor now have to make unfair choices about their basic standard of life.
cooking fuels; here’s why.

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Framework for Policy Analysis

Framework Stage Elements Covered

Political economy of Stage 3- Structural The way in which the policy process is affected and determined by the structura
sectors and Policy factors such as the nature of the market and dominant method of production
Arenas Regional variation in attitude to policy.

A Framework for Effects Effectiveness- What effects does the policy have on the targeted health problem
Analyzing Public Unintended effects- what are the unintended effects of this policy
Policy Equity- what are the effects of this policy on different groups

A Framework for Implementation Cost- What is the financial cost of this policy
Analyzing Public Feasibility- is this policy technically feasible
Policy Acceptability- Do the relevant stakeholders view the policy as acceptable

9
References
Cabiyo, B., Ray, I., & Levine, D. I. (2020). The refill gap: clean cooking fuel adoption in rural India. Environmental Research Letters, 16(1), 014035.

Dubey, Mithilesh Dhar. “Despite Having LPG Cylinders, Rural Women Are Back Cooking on Woodfired Stoves - Gaonconnection | Your Connection with Rural India.”
Gaonconnection | Your Connection with Rural India, en.gaonconnection.com, 10 Apr. 2021, https://en.gaonconnection.com/ujjwala-yojana-lpg-gas-cylinders-rural-
women-health/

Jain, S., & Gangal, V. K. Impact Of LPG subsidy on Socio-Economic Upliftment: A Study In Uttar Pradesh.

Kalli, R., Jena, P. R., & Managi, S. (2022). Subsidized LPG Scheme and the Shift to Cleaner Household Energy Use: Evidence from a Tribal Community of Eastern
India. Sustainability, 14(4), 2450.

Kar, A., Pachauri, S., Bailis, R., & Zerriffi, H. (2019). Using sales data to assess cooking gas adoption and the impact of India’s Ujjwala programme in rural
Karnataka. Nature Energy, 4(9), 806-814.

Khanwilkar, S., Gould, C. F., DeFries, R., Habib, B., & Urpelainen, J. (2021). Firewood, forests, and fringe populations: Exploring the inequitable socioeconomic
dimensions of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) adoption in India. Energy research & social science, 75, 102012.

Prasad, Seema. “Fuelling Problems: India’s Poor Are Being Forced to Return to Unclean Cooking Fuels; Here’s Why.” Fuelling Problems: India’s Poor Are Being
Forced to Return to Unclean Cooking Fuels; Here’s Why, www.downtoearth.org.in, 28 Aug. 2022, https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/energy/fuelling-problems-
india-s-poor-are-being-forced-to-return-to-unclean-cooking-fuels-here-s-why-84350.

Ravindra, K., Kaur-Sidhu, M., Mor, S., & John, S. (2019). Trend in household energy consumption pattern in India: A case study on the influence of socio-cultural
factors for the choice of clean fuel use. Journal of Cleaner Production, 213, 1024-1034.

Sharma, A., Parikh, J., & Singh, C. (2019). Transition to LPG for cooking: A case study from two states of India. Energy for Sustainable Development, 51, 63-72.

54% Indian Households Still Using Firewood, Cow Dung as Cooking Fuel: Study - Gaonconnection | Your Connection with Rural India.” Gaonconnection | Your
Connection with Rural India, en.gaonconnection.com, 9 Sept. 2021, https://en.gaonconnection.com/cooking-gas-lpg-firewood-ujjwala-scheme-rural-india-women-
health-risks-air-pollution. 10
Thank you
Suraj Kumar Maurya
T2021DPPP025