Introduction to

Globalization?
(The Contemporary World)
Prepared by:
SARAH JEAN C. BULANON
Instructor
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
• Apprehend the various concept and perspectives
of globalization
• Outline the existing philosophies of the varying
definitions of globalization
• Create a timeline of the origins and history of
globalization
THE MODERN WORLD
 Globalization
➢Globalization is the increasing interaction of people, states, or
countries through the growth of the international flow of money,
ideas and culture. Thus, globalization is primarily focused on
economic process of integration that has social and cultural aspects

➢It is the interconnectedness of people and business across the world

that eventually lead to global, cultural, political, and economic
integration.

➢It is the ability to move and communicate easily with others all over
the world in order to conduct business internationally.
 Globalization
➢It is the free movement of goods, services, and people
across the world in a seamless and integrated manner.

➢It is the liberalization of countries of their impact protocols

and welcome foreign investment into sectors that are the
mainstays of its economy.

➢It refers to countries acting like magnet attracting global

capital by opening up their economies to multinational
corporation
Globalization as defined by
other Authors
“Globalization as process by which the people of the world are
incorporated into a single world society.”
- Martin Albrow and Elizabeth

“Globalization as the intensification of worldwide social relations

which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings
are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.”
- Anthony Giddens (The Consequence Of Modernity)

“Globalization as the compression of the world and the

intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole”
- Prof. Roland Robertson (Sociology), 1992, University of Aberdeen
Globalization as defined by
other Authors
“Globalization is a ‘world of things’ that
have different speeds, axes, points of origin
and termination, and varied relationships
to institutional structures in different
regions, nations, or societies’ .”
– Arjun Appadurai
“Globalization is the debate and the debate
is globalization.” – Cesare Poppi
▪ There is social mobility of movement of
people regardless of reason
▪ There is an intensification of interactions
▪ It’s an active process
▪ Borderless interaction
▪ Spread of ideas, knowledge,
technology, culture, religion, etc.
3 MAIN PERSPECTIVES OF
GLOBALIZATION
1. HYPERGLOBALIST
2. SCEPTICAL
3. TRANSFORMATIONALIST

➢HYPERGLOBALIST – Believes that we are living in

a truly globalized world, that all activities are in
some way linked to globalization
➢ SCEPTICAL – The skeptical perspective is concerned with the abstract
nature of globalist ideas, which seem to be thin on empirical
substantiation and make sweeping claims about process as if they affect
all areas of the world evenly and with the same responses (Martell
2007).

➢ TRANSFORMATIONALIST – Globalization is seen as occurring but

without just sweeping all away before it, as hyperglobalists might have
it. Instead, transformationalist argue that cultural exchange is not
unilateral from west to east but rather a two- way exchange in which
culture is also change and influenced.
 Philosophies of Globalization

Solid Liquid Flows

Solidity also refers Liquidity, therefore, refers Flows are the movement
to barriers that to the increasing ease of of people, things, places,
prevent or make movement of people, things, and information
difficult the information, and places in brought by the growing
movement of things. the contemporary world "porosity" of global
limitations
Issues on Globalization
1. Foreign Worker
Exploitation
2. Incurring Tariffs and
export fees
3. Immigration challenges
4. Loss of Cultural identity
Benefits of Globalization
1. Access to new culture
2. Spread of Technology and
Innovation
3. Lower Cost of Products
4. Access to new markets
▪ Interdependence of countries in different
social aspects.
▪ Advancement of science, technology, etc.
▪ Environmental issues across borders.
▪ Economic globalization, cultural globalization,
and political globalization
▪ A conglomerate of various multiple units
located in different parts of the globe which
are linked by common ownership.

▪ Multiple units draw a common pool of

resources such a money, credit, information,
patents, trade names and control system.
 Reasons for Globalization
❑Rapid shrinking of time and distance across the globe. One can
easily cross the bridge going to the other side of the market place
due to advance tools of technology than before.
❑ Domestic markets are no longer rich as a consequences of many
interlocking factors.
❑Companies and institutions go global to find political and
economic stability which is relatively good in other countries than
the country of origin.
 Reasons for Globalization
❑To get technological and managerial know-how of other countries
due to their advancement in science, technology, education,
health, and other field of disciplines.
❑To reduce high transportation costs if one goes globally using the
advance tools of communication and information.
❑To be close to raw materials and to markets for their finished
products which are not available in the country of origin.
❑The creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) had made it
possible in Stimulating increased cross border trade. There are
other world bodies like the UN and several arbitration bodies
where countries agree.
 Charles Taze Russel (Watch tower bible and tract society) coined the term
CORPORATE GIANTS, referring to a large national trust and other large
1897 enterprises of the time.

The word “Globalize” as a noun appeared in publication entitled “ Toward new

1930 education” where it denoted a holistic view of human experience in education

Late 1970’s Globalization was coined. Early Globalization was

1981 used as economic.

Late The IMF identified four Late Globalization was

2000s basic aspect of 1980’s popularized by
globalization. Theodore Levitt.

The globalization The 2018

The globalization
globalization
2013 was used to define 2017 was used in the
“borderless society was used in all
Academe.
principles.
CONCLUSION:
• What’s important is to realize that globalization is
neither good nor bad it just depends how people
deal with all the new possibilities in the future……