10 GRAMMAR BANK 40A expressing movement He drove out of the car park and along the street. Iran over the bridge and across the park. ‘+ To express movement we use a verb of movement, ¢.9 90, come, run, walk, etc. and a preposition (or adverb) of movement, e.g. up, down, away, etc PD come or go? We use comefor movement towards you, and go for movement away fom you Coen eae! Din or into? out or out of? We use into /out of + noun, Come into the living room. He went out ofthe house. We use in/out there isn't a noun, Come in He went out 10B word order of phrasal verbs 1. What time do you get up? D106 I don't usually go out during the week, 2 Put on your coat. Put your coat on. Put it on! ‘Turn off the TV. Turn the TV off. Turn it off 3. I'm looking for my glasses, ‘A Have you found your glasses? B No, 'm still looking for them. 10C the passive: be + past participle Present: am / is/are + past participle 1014 20 billion pieces of Lego are produced every year. Ei cs aren't used very much nowadays, |s Spanish spoken in New Mexico? Past: was/ were + past participle ‘The hot ar balloon was invented by two Frenchmen Stamps weren’t invented until 1840, When was the watch invented? + Aphrasal verb = vero + particle (preposition or adverb), 9, get up, go out, um on, look for 1 Some phrasal verbs don't have an object, .g. get up, go out 2 Some phrasal verbs have an object and are separable. With these phrasal verbs we can put the particle (on, off, ete) before or alter the object \When the objects @ pronoun (me, it, him ete) it always goes between the verb ard particle. Here's your coat. Putit on. NOT Patent 3 Some phrasal verbs have an object and are inseparable, eg. look for. With these phrasal verbs the verb (e.g. look) and the particle (eg. for are never separated {'m looking for my glasses. NOT tlooking my-glasses for ‘See Phrasal verbs p 249. We can often say things in two ways, in the active or in the passive. Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. (active) Dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel. (passive) In the active sentenco, the focus is more on Alfred Nobel. In the passive sentence the focus is more on dynamite, We often use the passive when it isn’t known or isn’t important who does or did the action. My car was stolen last week. Volvo ears are made in Sweden, We use by'to say who did the action. The Lord of the Rings was written by Tolkien.10B a Circletthe correct form. If both are correct, tick (/) the box. Turn off your mobile / Tum your mobile offbefore the film starts. Tonight | have to look my little sister after / look after my little sister. 9 10 léithe correct word. ost my mobile signal when we went across /(througha tunnel We ran to / down the sea, and jumped into / out of the water, I you go over/ past the bank, you'll see the supermarket on the right. James walked along / across the street until he came to a big house. Look! We'te flying on / over the mountains now. The dog started to run towards / tome, but then it suddenly stopped. We cycled over/ out of the bridge and in / into the park In the 800 metres, the runners run round f across the track twice. The cat suddenly ran across / through the road, Let's go out this evening / go this evening out Il drop off the children / drop the children off at schoo! My brother is looking for a new job / looking a new job for. You should throw away those old jeans / throw those old jeans away. | don't like shopping for clothes online ~ | prefer to try them on / tty on them before | buy them. Take off your shoes / Take your shoes off before you come in. We're meeting my mother tomorrow ~| think you'l really get on with her/ get on her with. IF the jacket doesn fit, take back it/ take it back to the shop. What time do you get up in the morning / get in the moming up? SPEAKERS OF SPANISH Pocket Book p.18-20 b Complete the sentences with the correct word. Alex jumped inio_ his car and drove away. 1. When I was walking under the bridge, a train went it 2 Come The door’s open, 3 Thisis the first floor. Go the stairs ~ the office is on the second floor. 4 He walked the café and ordered some lunch, 5 Go of the building and turn let. 6 Go don't want to talk to you. 7 Ieycle big hill on my way home. | go really fast! om Complete the sentences with it or them and a word from the list. back in on (x2) up (x2) | can't hear the radio, Turn it up 1 Your clothes are all over the floor Pick Here's your coat. Put 3A What does this word mean? B Look 4 To get your passport there are three forms Please fill now. 5 You remember that money | lent you? When can you give ° 6 A Isthe match on TV? B I don't know. Turn and see. Ors 10C a Complete with the present or past passive. The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889.(complete) Many of the things we use every day by women, (invent) In the UK most children _ in state schools. (educate) DNA bby Watson and Crick in 1953. (discover) This morning | by the neighbour's dog. (wake up) Cricket in the summer in the UK. (play) The songs on this album last year. (write) Millions of toys in China every year. (make) Carols are songs which at Christmas. (sing) These birds. in northern Europe. (not usually see) ‘The London Eye on 31 December 1999 to celebrate the new millennium. (open) b_ Rewrite the sentences in the passive, beginning with the highlighted words. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1603. Hamlet was written by Shakespeare in 1603. 11 Christopher Wren designed St Paul's Cathedral A smal italian company produces this ove oi ‘The Russians discovered Antarctica in 1820. Spielberg didn't direct the Star Wars films. Van Gogh painted Sunflowers in 1888. The Chinese didn't invent glass. JK. Rowling wrote the Harry Potter books. They make Skoda cars in the Czech Republi Oru @ Go on review the grammar for each lesson ) PEW11 GRAMMAR BANK 1A used to / didn’t use to When I was a child l used to play in the streets My brother used to have very long hair when he was a student [E] Nick didn’t use to go out much, but now he goes out every night. I didn’t use to fi Ons vegetables, but now | love them. [BIA Did you use to wear a uniform at school? B Yes, | did ‘A Did you use to like your teachers? B No, I didn’t + We use used tc / didn't use to + verb to talk about things that happened repeatedly or were true for a long period of time in the past, but are usually not true now, e.g. things which happened when you were a child, + used to / didn't use to isthe same forall persons. ! Be careful with negatives and questions: I dido't use to ike maths. NOT telidntesedd-to-ike-moths- Did you use to ike maths? NOT Did-youused-toike-maths? + Instead of usea to you can use the past simple with an adverb of freaiency. When Iwas a child! often played in the street. D used to 0F usally? used to is onl for talking about the past. For habits inthe present, we use usualy + present simple, NOT vse, 1 uzually co0e in the evenings. NOT (uise-tocookin-the-evenings: “1B might / might not (possibility) We might have 2 picnic tomorrow, but it depends on the weather Karen might come with us tomorrow, but she's not sure yet I might not take my laptop on holiday. haven't decided yet. We might not see the boss today. | think she's away. * We use might / might not + verb (infinitive without to) to say that perhaps somebody will or won't do something, ‘= We might have a pienic tomorrow. ‘+ might / might not is the same for all persons. ‘+ might not is not usually contracted. 11C so, neither + auxiliaries @1110-[D may/ may not We can also use may instead of might for possibilty, e, We may have a picnic tomorrow. I may not take my laptop on holiday. orhaps we will have a picnic tomorrow. 1A Love classical music. 1119 present simple ‘A dort ke classical music, 8 Neitherdo | B Sodol resent continuous: A Imhaving a great time. B Soamt [A |went toa classical concert last night. = a BSodidl, ‘an/ can't A leanssio B Socan| 2 Alimnot martied past simple 8 Neither did B Neither am. ‘A Iwasvery tired B Sows | A | don't want to got matried. would/ wouldn't A |wouidn’t ike to go there, _B Neither would B Neher do present perfect [A tye been to Brazil 1B Sohave + We use S0 do I, Neither do etc. to say that we have something in common with somebody. {Be careful with the word order, 1 Use So + auxiliary + to respond to positive Se del! Neither dol NOU se:tdet Nethert de: sentences. a 2 Use Neither + auxiliary + Ito respond to D either and nor negative sentences. We can also use norinstead of nether 0.9 + The auxiliary we use after So... and Neither: ‘A I didn't ike the film. B Nor / Neither di depends on the tense of the verb that the other NNeitheris usually pronounced iy, but ean also be pronounced 9): speaker uses.1A a Look at how Alex has changed. Write six sentences about how he was before with He used to or He didn’t use to. (9 SPEAKERS OF SPANISH Pocket Book p.20-21 Make sentences with used to, didn’t use to, or did...use to? [Al /you/ have long hair Did you use to have long hair? 1 [a] Angie / hate maths, but she loves it now 2 [2] /you/ work when you lived in Cairo 3 1 / like reading when | was a child 4 [2] What / you /do in the summer holidays when you were young 5 EE] The British / cook with olive oil, but now it’s very popular 6 [Fl This restaurant / be a cinema in the 1960s 7 [2] / your sister / eat meat, or has she always been a vegetarian 8 [EI /be interested in athletics, but now | always watch it 9 [2] / you / have a motorbike when you were a student Housed to be — slim 10 [4] Telegrams / be the quickest way to send important messages 1 tong hair 2 glasses. 3 a beard 4 football 5 atic. Ooase 11B a Match the sentences. Take some sun cream. D 1 Let’s buy a lottery ticket. Can you phone the restaurant? Don't finish the milk Let's use the satnav. You should try the shirt on, Don't wait for me tonight. Be careful with that knifel Ask how much it costs ‘A Someone might want b Complete the sentences with might + a verb phrase from the list. some for breakfast. B Itmay not be your size, C We might get lost. be cold bell be ina meeting gotothe-cinema not have time not like it have the pasta D femight be really hot. E We may not have enough money. F You might cut yourself G Itmay be closed on Sundays. H We might win 'm not sure what to do tonight. Imight.go to the cinema Kim isnt at school today. She His phone is tumed off, He It's an unusual book. You | don’t know if I'l finish this today. | may finish work late. 1 5 Im not sure what to order. | 6 Take a warm jacket. It later. Or0 11 a Complete B’s answers with an auxiliary verb. love chocolate ice cream. B So clo A A I'm really thirsty. B So A I didn't go out last night. B ‘A Iwas born in Rome. B So A Idon't eat meat. B Neither A I've been to Moscow. B So A Ican‘tsing. B Neither A (dike to go to Bali, B So A I saw a great film last week. ‘A. | wouldn't like to be famous. A Ican play rugby. B So 1 Neither Ll I Ll 1 I B So B Neither I b_ Respond to A. Say you are the same. Use So... or Neithey A | don't like Indian food. A live near the football stadium. A I'm not afraid of snakes. A | went to bed late last night A I haven't been to Canada A | don't have any pets. A I can speak three languages. A I'lthave the chicken with rice. A I'm waiting for Maria Neither do 1 Op.ss review the grammar for each lesson ) Px)12 GRAMMAR BANK 12A past perfect [5] When | woko up the gardon was all white. 121 Ithad snowed during the night. | suddenly realized that I'd loft my phone in the taxi [E] We got home just in time ~ the match hadn't started, When she got to class, she realized that she hhadn’t brought her book [2] A Lwent to Paris last weekend. | really loved it. B Had you been there before? ANo,! hadn't. * We use the past perfect wren we are already talking about the past and, want to talk about an earlier past action. © When | woke up the garden was all white. It had snowed during the night. = It snowed before | woke up. = We make the past perfect with had/ hadn't + the past participle. * The form of the past perfect is the same for all persons. + had is sometimes contracted to ‘dl, D had or would? Be careful, ‘dean be hador would. {did't know that yoir fend a new job. (d= had) 1 you went by tax, you'd et there much quicker (= would) 42B reported (or indirect) speech He said that he loved me. direct speech reported speech "Vove you He said (that) he loved me “Vve just arrived’ ‘We'll come at eight!” "Idon't want to go to the party the party ‘= We use reported speech to tell somebody what another person said. ‘+ We often introduce reported speech with said or told (+ person). is optional, e.g. He said (that) he loved me. + After said or told th: ‘She said (that) she had just arrived. He told me (that) they would come at eight. Jack told Anna (that) he didn't want to go to * Pronouns often change in reported speech, e.. I changes to he or she. ‘Tm tired. She told me (that) she was trod. * Verb tenses change like this: direct speech reported speech “can help you! He said that) he could help (present simple) ‘me. (past simple) “rm aving” She said (that) she was driving. (resent continuous) (past continuous) ‘Vilealyou. (wil) He told me (hat) he would eal me. (would) “Imeta gtlata party’ John told me (hat) he had met (ast simple) a girl ata party (past perfect) ‘ve broken my arm’ Sara said (that) she had broken (resent perfect) herarm. (past perfect) Ors D say or tell? We vse say 0 tein reported speech. They mean the same thing, bt the ae wed diferent. lo us say vthout an objector pronoun, He said hat he loved me. NOT He sid me tothe loved me: Vie use toll ith an objector pronoun Ho told me (had he loved me NOT Heroldithetshelowedime: 12C questions without auxiliaries subject verb Who painted The Milkmaie? Which city has ‘the most honest people? How many people live rear the school? Who wants a cup of coffee? Ors ‘+ When the question word (Who?, What?, Which?, How many?, ‘etc) is the subject of the verb in the question, we don't use ‘an auniliary verb (do/ does / di. Who painted The Milkmaid? NOT Who-dic-paint—? « In most other questions in the present and past simple we se the auxiliary verb do / does / did + the infinitive, What music do you like? NOT Whatmusieyoulike? + See 1A p.2i2.12A a Match the sentence halves. | couldn't get into my flat because _€ When our friends arrived, | took the jacket back to the shop because Jill didn’t come with us because Hurned on the TV news He was nervous because When I got to the supermarket checkout, she'd made other plans. I realized that Id left my wallet at home, Ved lost my keys I'd bought the wrong size. itwas the first time he'd flown to see what had happened, G we hadn't finished cooking the dinner. amoO@> CUSENS © SPEAKERS OF SPANISH Pocket Book p.22-23, Complete the sentences. Put the verbs in the past simple or past perfect. We didn’t get a table in the restaurant because we hhacin’t booked, (not get, not book) 1 Caroline a lot, and | her. (change, not recognize) 2 My friend to tell me that my coat in his car. (phone, leave) 3 When | the radio, the news (turn on, already finish) 4 She me the DVD because she ityet. (not lend, not watch) 5 The bar by the time we (close, arsive) & When we home, we saw that somebody the kitchen window. (get, break) 7 When we in the morning, we that it in the night. (get up, see, snow) Ops 12B a Write the sentences in reported speech. b_ Write the sentences in direct speech. “love you! He told her that he loved her He told her that he was a doctor. 1 “Ym hungry ‘Ana said that she He said: ‘Vim a doctor.” 2 ‘call the doctor! He said he 1. She said that she was studying German. 3 ‘Ive bought anew phone’ _Paul told us that he She said: * : 4 “live in the city centre She said that she 2 Tony told me that his car had broken down. 5 ‘We cart doit” ‘They said that they Tony said” : 6 ‘Isaw a great film at the cinema.’ Julie said that she 3 ie that he would send me an email. Yt ae 4 Wanda and Jack said they were in a hurry Wanda and Jack said 5 He said he had’ finished his essay yo. He said" _—< 6 She told us that she woul arrive on timo AN She said i 2 ” 7 David said he had just erved in London, \ David said: . Ov What you did /@id you dOlast night? 1 What happened/ did happen to you? What means this word / does this word mear? How many people came / did come to the meeting? Which bus goes / does go to the city centre? Which film won / did win the most Oscars this year? ‘What said the teacher’ did the teacher say? ‘Who made / did make this cake? It's delicious! Write the questions. Do you know the answers? How many Formula 1 championships id Michael Schurnacher win? (Michael Schumacher / win) 1 When president of the USA? (Barack Obama / become) 2 Which US state with the letter H'? (start) 3 Which books 2 George RR. Martin / write) 4 Who the football World Cup in Russia in 2018? (win) 5 Which sport the lightest ball? (use) 6 Where 27 (the 2016 Olympics / take place) 7 Which company 7 Steve Jobs / start) pave Go online to review the grammar for each lesson