10.2305 IUCN - UK.2012.RLTS.T38723A2883819.en

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)

IUCN 2008: T38723A2883819
Voanioala gerardii
Assessment by: Rakotoarinivo, M. & Dransfield, J.
View on www.iucnredlist.org
Citation: Rakotoarinivo, M. & Dransfield, J. 2012. Voanioala gerardii. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2012: e.T38723A2883819.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T38723A2883819.en
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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™

Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family
Plantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Arecales Palmae
Taxon Name: Voanioala gerardii J.Dransf.
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria: Critically Endangered D ver 3.1
Year Published: 2012
Date Assessed: December 17, 2010
Justification:
Only 15 mature individuals have been seen in the three known sites. These are remote and difficult to
access and mostly protected; despite this it is subject to selective exploitation and the population is
declining. Based on the small population size this species qualifies for a Critically Endangered listing. If
the population is found to be larger it would probably qualify as Endangered as the extent of occurrence
and area of occupancy are well within the thresholds for Endangered (264 km² and 12 km² respectively).
Previously Published Red List Assessments

1998 – Critically Endangered (CR)
1998 – Endangered (E)
Geographic Range
Range Description:
Endemic to the northeast of Madagascar where it occurs in only three areas around the Bay of Antongil.
Country Occurrence:
Native: Madagascar
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Voanioala gerardii – published in 2012. 1
Distribution Map
Population
About 15 mature trees are known for all the known sites and the population is decreasing.
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)

Occurs in primary lowland forest rich in palms and pandans in swampy valley bottoms and on gentle
slopes. Recorded from 200 to 700 m.
Systems: Terrestrial
Use and Trade (see Appendix for additional information)

This species is cut down to harvest its seeds to be sold in international trade and also for its edible heart
which is eaten by local people
Threats (see Appendix for additional information)

This species is threatened by habitat loss through clearance for shifting agriculture and logging and also
by harvesting of the species for its seeds and edible palm-heart.
Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)

Protected in Masoala National Park. Control and monitoring of the harvest and trade is required.
Credits
Assessor(s): Rakotoarinivo, M. & Dransfield, J.
Reviewer(s): Baker, W.J., Beentje, H.J. & Bachman, S., Baker, W.J. & Beentje, H.J.
Bibliography
Dransfield, J. and Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and The
International Palm Society, Richmond.
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2012.2). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org.
(Accessed: 17 October 2012).
Citation
Rakotoarinivo, M. & Dransfield, J. 2012. Voanioala gerardii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2012: e.T38723A2883819. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T38723A2883819.en
Disclaimer
To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.
External Resources
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.
Appendix
Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Major
Habitat Season Suitability
Importance?
1. Forest -> 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland - Suitable -
Use and Trade

End Use Local National International
Food - human Yes No No
Pets/display animals, horticulture No No Yes
Threats
Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual & Ongoing - - -

perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.1. Shifting
agriculture
Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
5. Biological resource use -> 5.2. Gathering terrestrial Ongoing - - -

plants -> 5.2.1. Intentional use (species is the target)
Stresses: 2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality
2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->
2.3.7. Reduced reproductive success
5. Biological resource use -> 5.3. Logging & wood Ongoing - - -

harvesting -> 5.3.3. Unintentional effects:
(subsistence/small scale)
Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Conservation Actions in Place

Conservation Actions in Place

In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
Occur in at least one PA: Yes
Conservation Actions Needed
Conservation Actions Needed

1. Land/water protection -> 1.1. Site/area protection
2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management
3. Species management -> 3.1. Species management -> 3.1.1. Harvest management
3. Species management -> 3.1. Species management -> 3.1.2. Trade management
Research Needed
Research Needed
3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends
3. Monitoring -> 3.2. Harvest level trends
3. Monitoring -> 3.3. Trade trends
3. Monitoring -> 3.4. Habitat trends
Additional Data Fields

Distribution
Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) (km²): 12
Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 264
Number of Locations: 3
Lower elevation limit (m): 200
Upper elevation limit (m): 700
Population
Number of mature individuals: 15
Population severely fragmented: Yes
Habitats and Ecology

Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
The IUCN Red List Partnership
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN
Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation
International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas
A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™

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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™

ISSN 2307-8235 (online)

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™

Plantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Arecales Palmae

Taxon Name: Voanioala gerardii J.Dransf.

Year Published: 2012

Date Assessed: December 17, 2010

Previously Published Red List Assessments

1998 – Endangered (E)

Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)

Use and Trade (see Appendix for additional information)

Threats (see Appendix for additional information)

Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)

1. Forest -> 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland - Suitable -

Use and Trade

End Use Local National International

Food - human Yes No No

Pets/display animals, horticulture No No Yes

Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score

2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual & Ongoing - - -

5. Biological resource use -> 5.2. Gathering terrestrial Ongoing - - -

5. Biological resource use -> 5.3. Logging & wood Ongoing - - -

Conservation Actions in Place

Conservation Actions in Place

Occur in at least one PA: Yes

Conservation Actions Needed

2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management

3. Monitoring -> 3.2. Harvest level trends

3. Monitoring -> 3.3. Trade trends

3. Monitoring -> 3.4. Habitat trends

Additional Data Fields

Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 264

Lower elevation limit (m): 200

Upper elevation limit (m): 700

Population severely fragmented: Yes

Habitats and Ecology

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™

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