Ch-5 FIRST AID

you have to stop cardiac massage only when pulse returns in the
neck.

Mouth to mouth breathing

Fig. 5-7 Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation by a single person

HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES
Severe and/or acute elevation in blood pressure (Diastolic above 130
mm of Hg) may occur or be associated with number of hypertensive
emergencies. These can be (i) cerebrovascular viz intracranial haemor-
rhage, cerebral thrombosis; (ii) cardiac viz acute left heart failure, acute
coronary insufficiency; or (iii) other emergencies viz severe epistaxis,
hypertension after surgery etc. These clinical states are out side the
purview of this book. The patient should invariably be hospitalized
during such emergencies.

FRACTURES
A break or crack in a bone is called a fracture. This is caused by
direct violence, indirect violence, or muscular action. Broadly the frac-
tures can be classified as open or closed. An open fracture has a wound
in case of a close fracture.
Types of Fractures
Fractures can be put under the following categories:
1. Simple fracture : The bone is broken into two pieces and there
is no open injury or wound around or near the fracture.

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