K3

group 6
Nalendra Erizha R(13)// 2131110032
Reynald Bagus A(15)2131110027
Table of contents

01 02
Explanation of Explanation of
basic life support bleeding

03 04
Explanation of Explanation of
shock injuries and burns
“If we have a lot of wealth, we will take care of the
treasure. But if we have a lot of knowledge, then
science will take care of us.”

—Aa Gym
basic life support
 Basic Life Support
● What is Basic Life Support?

● Basic Life Support, or BLS, generally refers to the type of care that
first-responders, healthcare providers and public safety professionals
provide to anyone who is experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory
distress or an obstructed airway. It requires knowledge and skills in
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using automated external
defibrillators (AED) and relieving airway obstructions in patients of
every age.
 1. Cardiac arrest
Inndication
Cardiac arrest occurs when the
heart stops pumping in a regular
rhythm. In this situation, early
defibrillation is the key to
returning the victim's heart back
to a normal rhythm. When a
defibrillator is not readily
available, a rescuer or bystander
should keep the blood flowing by
performing chest compressions
and rescue breaths at an age-
appropriate rate until it is.
s 2. Respiratory Arrest
Respiratory arrest is when
there is no measurable
breathing in a victim. It tends to
occur in conjunction with
cardiac arrest, but this is not
always the case. Respiratory
arrest is the most common
indication of BLS in infants and
toddlers. The most critical
factor in restoring breathing in
the victim is to provide high
quality rescue breaths.
 3. Drowning
In cases of drowning, rescuers should provide
CPR as soon as an unresponsive victim is
removed from the water. In particular, rescue
breathing is important in this situation. A lone
rescuer is typically advised to give CPR for a
short time before leaving the victim to call
emergency medical services. Since the primary
cause of cardiac arrest and death in drowning
and choking victims is hypoxemia, it is
recommended to start with rescue breaths before
proceeding to chest compressions (if pulseless).
If the victim presents in a shockable rhythm, early
defibrillation is still recommended
4. Choking
Choking occurs when a foreign body obstructs the trachea.
Rescuers should only intervene in victims who show signs
of severe airway obstruction, such as a silent cough,
cyanosis, or inability to speak or breathe. If a victim is
coughing forcefully, rescuers should not interfere with this
process and encourage the victim to keep coughing. If a
victim shows signs of severe airway obstruction, anti-
choking maneuvers such as thrusts should be applied until
the obstruction is relieved. If a victim becomes
unresponsive he should be lowered to the ground, and the
rescuer should call emergency medical services and
initiate CPR. When the airway is opened during CPR, the
rescuer should look into the mouth for an object causing
obstruction, and remove it if it is evident.
 02
Bleeding
Bleeding
What is Bleeding?

Bleeding, also known as a hemorrhage,

haemorrhage, or simply blood loss, is blood
escaping from the circulatory system from
damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur
internally, or externally either through a natural
opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, or through
a wound in the skin.
 Management
Causes Acute bleeding from an injury to the skin is often treated
1.Traumatic injury by the application of direct pressure. For severely injured
patients, tourniquets are helpful in preventing
2.Medical condition complications of shock. Anticoagulant medications may
3.Infection need to be discontinued and possibly reversed in patients
with clinically significant bleeding. Patients that have lost
excessive amounts of blood may require a blood
transfusion.
shock
Shock is a dangerous condition when blood pressure drops so drastically that the organs
and tissues of the body do not get enough blood flow. This condition is usually a
complication of another disease or condition.

Blood serves as a supplier of substances that are important to body tissues, such as
nutrients and oxygen. In a state of shock, there is a disturbance that causes the heart and
blood vessels to not be able to flow blood to body tissues optimally

As a result, the supply of nutrients and oxygen needed for the body's tissues and organs
to function normally becomes blocked. This condition can occur simultaneously in all
organs so that the effects can be fatal, especially if not treated immediat

Cause of Shock
There are three factors that contribute to
the occurrence of shock, namely:
1. Inability of blood vessels to drain blood
2.Inability of the heart to pump blood
3. Lack of blood to flow
The following are the causes of shock by type:
Cardiogenic shock
> Cardiogenic shock is caused by a disorder of the heart,
such as a heart attack or heart failure.
Neurogenic shock
>Neurogenic shock is caused by a disturbance in the
nervous system. This condition usually occurs due to
spinal cord injury due to an accident while driving or
doing activities.
Anaphylactic shock
>Anaphylactic shock is caused by allergies to insect
bites, drugs, or food and drink.
Septic shock
>Septic shock is caused by an infection that enters the
bloodstream (sepsis) and triggers inflammation or
inflammation.
Hypovolemic shock
>Hypovolemic shock is caused by the loss of large
amounts of fluid or blood, for example from diarrhea,
bleeding in an accident, or vomiting blood.
Symptoms of Shock
Decreased supply of nutrients and
oxygen due to shock can result in several
symptoms, such as:
>shortness of breath
> Sweaty, cold and pale skin
>Heart palpitations, and the pulse
becomes weak
>Dizzy
>Weak
>Fainted to lose consciousness
>Blue lips and fingernails (cyanosis)
Shock Treatment
The following is first aid that can be done when
seeing a patient suspected of experiencing
shock:
> Lay the patient down slowly.
> Do not move or move the patient unnecessarily.
> Loosen or remove tight clothing.
>Check pulse and heart rate. > If the patient is
not breathing or has no pulse, perform
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
>Give the patient a blanket, to warm and soothe
him.
> Do not give the patient anything to drink or eat.
> Immediately give epinephrine in the form of an
autoinjector if the shock is caused by allergies
and if the patient is found to be carrying this
injection.
>Cover and cover the bleeding area with a towel
or cloth if the patient is bleeding.
> If the patient vomits or bleeds from the mouth,