Group : E

introduction:
History of stem cell:
• In the past, it was believed that stem cells can
only differentiate into mature cells of the
same organ.
•Today, there are many evidences to show that
stem cells can differentiate into the other
types of cell
INTROCUCTION - Stem cell definition
• Stem cell:, an undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce some
offspring cells that continue as stem cells and some cells that are
destined to differentiate (become specialized).
• Stem cells are an ongoing source of the differentiated cells that make
up the tissues and organs of animals and plants.
• There is great interest in stem cells because they have potential in the
development of therapies for replacing defective or damaged cells
resulting from a variety of disorders and injuries, such as Parkinson
disease, heart disease, and diabetes.
• Britinaca e
 What is the stem cell?
Characteristics of
stem cell:

● Stem cells reproduce themselves.

● Stem cells generate progeny destined to
differentiate into functional cell types.
● Stem cells persist for a long time.
● Stem cell behavior is regulated by the
immediate environment (the niche).
 What is the stem cell?
Calcification
1-Embryonic stem cell 4-bone marrow stem cell
Can be applied to improve spinal cord Can be applied to treatment of anemia and
injuries , healing of heart defects formation blood cancer generation of function platelets
of insulin, formation of insulin secreting B and correction of neural defects
cells specific progenitor stem cell
2-Tissue 5-Induced pluripotent stem cell
Can be applied to treated diabetes and Can be applied to treatment liver and lung
retinopathy brain and cancer treatment and disease diabetes disease and
regeneration of fallopian tube (neurodegenertive) disordors
3-Mesenchymal stem cell 6-Umbilical cord stem cell
Can be applied to treat bladder deformities , Can be applied to autoimmune diseases
dental problems and muscle degeneration treatment
 How can the stem cell know what to become?
Differentiation

How do histones repress or active gene transcription?

methylation and demethylation of histones turn in DNA

(off) and (on) respectively, either by loosening their tail
therapy allowing transportation factors and other
proteins to access the DNA, or by encompassing their
tails around the DNA, therapy restricting access to the
DNA
 RECENT researches of the stem cell
How to generate new neurons in the brain March 1, 2023

- Some areas of the adult brain contain quiescent, or dormant, neural

stem cells that can potentially be reactivated to form new neurons.
- However, the transition from quiescence to proliferation is still
poorly understood.
- - A team has discovered the importance of cell metabolism in this
process and identified how to wake up these neural stem cells and
reactivate them.
- -Biologists succeeded in increasing the number of new neurons in
the brain of adult and even elderly mice
 RECENT researches of the stem cell
Successful cure of HIV infection after stem cell
transplantation, study suggests February 24, 2023

- Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the

treatment of severe blood cancers is the only medical
intervention that has cured two people living with HIV in
the past.
- An international group of physicians and researchers
has now identified another case in which HIV infection
has been shown to be cured in the same way.
- The successful healing process of this third patient was
for the first time characterized in great detail
virologically and immunologically over a time span of ten
 RECENT researches of the stem cell

Packaged DNA: New method to promote bone

growth February 9, 2023

- - DNA can help to stimulate bone healing in a localized

and targeted manner, for example after a complicated
fracture or after severe tissue loss following surgery.
- Scientists have developed a new process in which they
coat implant materials with a gene-activated biomaterial
that induces stem cells to produce bone tissue.
 RECENT researches of the stem cell
Stem cell transplants may delay disability longer than
some MS medications December 21, 2022
• In people with active secondary progressive multiple
sclerosis (MS), hematopoietic stem cell transplants
may delay disability longer than some other MS
medications, according to a new study.
• The study involved autologous hematopoietic stem
cell transplants, which use healthy blood stem cells
from a person's own body to replace diseased cells
Thank
you