COMPUTER NETWORKS

What are public and private IPs and why do we need them?

Explain DHCP in detail with the DORA process.

What are VPNs we can connect to any private server using a VPN?

If we type https://www.amazon.com what would be the process behind it ex detail

details.
Difference between TCP/UDP.

Explain in OSI model in detail. What is recursive call in OSI?

Firewall and its usages.

How you will fix the SSH server not responding from the user’s side with a Linux
command.

Use of Traceroute & Nslookup command.

3-way handshake in detail.

What are few methods of HTTP, what is HTTPs, is the port number different for
HTTPs, how is SSL related to HTTPs, explain SSL handshake?

How is a hub, a router, and a switch different from each other? Explain in terms of
broadcast domain.

As MSS was explained in TCP 3 way handshake, explain what is MTU and compare and
contrast MSS and MTU together.

Explain in depth what is TCP and UDP. Compare and contrast both of them.

What methods are available to us in flow control and error detection/correction?

What is public IP? How is it different from private IP? Can I connect to the
internet using private IP? What is NAT?

Subnetting, OSI model with complete details and protocols on each layer, firewall
in detail with all types (advantages/disadvantages)

Difference between router, switch.

What is a Broadcast Domain?
DHCP DORA process
DNS – detailed explanation. TCP/UDP and why?
Subnetting
MSS/MTU
Complete flow when you trigger amazon.com
OSI model with complete details and protocols on each layer.
TCP and SSL handshake
Difference between TCP/UDP, examples
Flow/error control
What is a firewall, why do you need it?
OSI Model
OPERATING SYSTEM

What are different types of memory present in a computer?

Explain the concept of virtual memory. If it’s not present in hardware, how does it
store data? Explain framing, segmentation and paging.

Explain the entire boot process of windows. (choice was given between Windows and
Linux)

What is cache? What are its different types? Explain the entire process of
searching in memory using hit and miss.

A memory shortage scenario was given and LRU algorithm was asked in a twisted form.

Troubleshooting: I am not able to connect to the internet. I do not have a spare

device with me. Troubleshoot the scenario and figure out where does the issue lie?
(Ans. Issue can lie with the device, or the network, or from the server side. This
needs to be answered strategically from the most common issue raised first, to the
least common possibility addressed last)

Troubleshooting: My device is heating up very quickly. Troubleshoot the scenario.

Troubleshooting: I am trying to transfer media over FTP from one device to another.
The rate of transfer is very slow. Troubleshoot the scenario.

What is booting and explain are steps in detail (Linux/Windows).

What is virtual memory & do why we need this in OS. Explain with real-life
examples.

What is paging? Demand paging & Swapping.

Tell me about the Deadlocks prevention technique & Banker’s algorithm.

What are fork and system calls?

If you are facing any issue with an internal server error, How you will
troubleshoot?

Linux Command for CPU memories and process troubleshooting with command.

What are the “top“ command in Linux and the “star“ command.

OS boot process (Win/Linux)

Memory management, Memory pages, Buffer, and Caches, Basic commands
System date/time management, network time protocol
Managing Users and groups
File permissions
Managing software – installation, uninstall, upgrade, etc.
Managing system services and background processes
Remote management of a system – SSH, RDP, etc.
Network protocols – FTP, HTTP (web servers), SMTP (mail server)
System automation – cron, batch jobs, windows startup tasks

Booting Process in Detail.

Booting Process troubleshooting.
Bootable Device not found. Troubleshoot it.
SSH connection troubleshooting.
How do you check which ports are listening?
The device is slowing down, Troubleshoot it.
Commands to check for CPU Utilization.
TOP and SAR command in detail.
Paging Concept.
What are System calls?
Explain about fork().
Explain the Process life cycle or Process States.
How to check for Disk Free space.
I have disk space available but the file is not getting created. Why?
Explain the importance of inodes.
The device is Heating up. Troubleshoot it.
How do PING and TRACERT commands work?
Explain what happens when www.amazon.com is clicked.
Explain DHCP DORA Process.

Explain DHCP and DORA processes in detail.

What is APIPA?
Which messages are Broadcast and Unicast in DORA? Why?
Different types of IP Address allocations in DHCP.
Will my computer get the same IP address allocated every time?
Role of the Router in the separation of Broadcast Domains.
DNS Query Process.
What happens if we type www.amazon.com. This time, the interview went into depth
about the process of questioning various aspects.
What are ports and port numbers?
Do different tabs making queries in the browser use different port numbers?
TCP handshake in detail.
Problem on Sequence numbers and Acknowledgement numbers.
What is SSL. Explain about Digital Certificates and TLS Handshake.
Problem on IP Addressing at the sender, gateway and destination.
Packet Tracing.
How do we check IP address and Gateway and DNS Server addresses of our device.