ME331-430 Advanced Fluid Mechanics

Prof. A. Banerjee
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Home Work Problem Set 3

1. (Reynolds Transport Theorem) A mountain community is

connected to a large city in the valley by a single highway. The rate
at which autos enter the highway from the community’s single on-
ramp is non . There is one off-ramp between the mountain
community and the city, and autos are exiting the highway at half
1
the rate that autos enter from the on-ramp, i.e. noff  non . On bad
2
weather days when visibility is severely limited, the rate at which
dN (non  noff ) 2
accidents occur is  , where N is the number of
dt 
cars originating from the mountain community and α is a constant
equal to 100 autos per hour. Assume that accidents remove the autos
involved from the flow of traffic. In a severe storm, because of a
large number of accidents, the number of autos moving along the highway is constant. At what rate
must autos be entering the highway from the on-ramp?

2. (Conservation of Mass) A subway train has a cross-

sectional area, Acs = 0.1A, where A is the area of the tunnel
through which it moves. The train is traveling at a constant
velocity U. What is the average velocity, u, between the train
and the tunnel walls in the indicated direction?
a. Use a control volume moving with the subway train
to solve
b. Use a control volume fixed in space to solve
[Hint for (b): Use a Galilean transformation so that the subway train is at rest →The fluid and tunnel
walls move to the left with velocity U. The flow is steady in this coordinate frame. Read Section 6.3.2. ]

3. (Conservation of Momentum) A hover

craft has two air compressors, neither of
which draws any air from the
surroundings. One compressor supplies a
large number of small hover jets with
vertical velocity downward of magnitude
we that provide a mass-flow rate m 1   we Ah as shown, where ρ is air density and Ah is the total area
of the hover jets. The other compressor supplies a horizontal jet with velocity relative to the hover
craft, ue = −uei and mass-flow rate m 2   ue Ae , where Ae is the area of the jet. The flow is
incompressible and flow through the compressors is steady as observed from within the hover craft.
Ignoring both pressure variations around the hover craft’s surface and buoyancy effects on the air
flow, determine the equations of motion for mass and x momentum. Express your answers for dM/dt
and MdU/dt in terms of m 1 , m 2 and any pertinent velocities, where M is the mass of the hover craft
and the air remaining in the compressors.
 ME331-430 Advanced Fluid Mechanics
Prof. A. Banerjee
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4. (Conservation of Momentum with CV accelerating)
Starting from rest, the cart shown in the figure is
propelled by a hydraulic catapult (liquid jet). The jet
strikes the curved surface and makes a 180 turn, leaving
horizontally. Air and rolling resistance may be neglected.
If the mass of the cart is 100 kg and the jet of water leaves the nozzle (of area 0.001 m2) with a speed
of 35 m/s, determine the speed of the cart 5s after the jet is directed against the cart.

5. (Conservation of Energy) Your yard-drainage system is backing up. To relieve the problem, you
install a pump to help drain the water from the primary pipe whose diameter is d. Fluid moves from
right to left and its temperature
increases by ΔT. The outlet pipe has
diameter d1 = 2d and the inlet pipe
has diameter d2 = d. The pump
supplies energy to the flow such that
the upstream pressure is p2 = p and the downstream pressure is p1 = 4p. The steady mass-flow rate is
m . Neglecting effects of gravity, determine the power, P, delivered by the pump to the flow.
Express your answer in terms of m , p, d, ΔT, water density, ρ, and specific-heat coefficient, cv.

6. (Conservation of Energy) A power plant uses a river to discharge waste heat. Heat is transferred
from the plant to the river through a heat exchanger at a rate Q . The river’s volume-flow rate is
V and the product of its density and specific-heat coefficient is ρcp. The flow is steady, the river’s
cross-sectional area is constant, and the difference between the temperature downstream and
upstream of the power plant is ΔT = Tf − Ti. Frictional work from the river, ground and atmosphere
can be neglected. Determine the flow rate as a function of ρcp, V and ΔT.

Note:

 ME331 students can skip Problem 2 or do it for extra credit.