Author/Date Theoretical Research Gap Research Methodolody Analysis & Conclusions Implications Suggestions for

Framework Questions Results for Future Future

Research Research
Tang,X.,&Pou The The bullying and 1.Does the This study was There are four In conclusion, UP Babaylan is According to
del, A.N. Philippines is discrimination has LGBT conducted in main parts of the findings an LGBT the
(2018) considered as severely influenced community the University the findings, indicated a organization participants,
a gay-friendly the health of receive the of the which are slow established by they have just
country. Filipino LGBT same Philippines, described in progressive the students of 25-30 formal
However, it is students [1-7], but treatment Diliman this section: living the University members, of
reported that what little there is compared campus, 1) The work of environment of of Philippines whom only
Filipino in the literature, to the Quezon City, UP Babaylan; Filipino LGBT in 1992. Since around 15 are
Lesbian, Gay, does not focus on straight Philippines. 2) The students, who its active. The
Transgender this group boy and Interviews barriers they lack legal establishment, reasons of this
and Bisexual specifically and only girls? were carried experienced protection; the situation were:
(LGBT) talks about limited 2.How are out in the in the working suffer from organization firstly the fear
community, aspects [7]. For you going working place process; 3) mental health has done many of being
especially instance, in ‘Let us to promote of UP Babaylan The issues, activities to recognized;
LGBT students be’ [7], they equality in in the Palma challenges opposed by support the many LGBT
are struggling provided rich LGBT building. As and problems religion and so LGBT students students are
with bullying information about community this research faced by the on. The [11]. The afraid of
and politics, culture but ? aimed to LGBT possible members have coming out to
discrimination little about the explore a students; and solutions such been involved their families,
from families, religious aspect. In certain 4) Possible as separating in LGBT whereas
communities ‘Being LGBT in Asia: phenomenon solutions of church from advocacy, joining
and schools. The Philippines through the the contributed to Babayan would
This paper Country Report’ [3], people’s challenges government’s draft the make them
aims to many aspects were experience, it and problems work, antidiscriminat identifiable to
explore the discussed but it did was designed (Table 1). educating and ion bill to pass the public.
works not target as a sensitizing by the Also, some
conducted by particularly LGBT descriptive more people, government, parents
the first students. Neither of qualitative and organizing educated and discourage
Filipino them was based on study, and engaging sensitise their children
student LGBT specifically LGBT people, and to join
organization the perspective of ‘phenomenolo individuals coordinated Babaylan
(UP Babaylan), LGBT organization. gy’, which is were suggested with HIV clinics because they
major barriers helpful to by the study. and other want to hide
experienced obtain rich organizations their children’s
by the information to support sexual
organization, ‘concerning problems and orientation.
the challenges the current issues faced by Secondly, the
and problems situation of the LGBT migration of
faced by LGBT phenomenon communities the members
Filipino and to in and out of to other
students, and describe "what the university. places.
the possible exists" in a The
solutions to situation’ [12]. organization
address these It is because has done
issues. the considerable
phenomenolo work to
gy is protect LGBT
concerned communities
with the lived in their health,
experiences of social, and
the people political
involved in the dimensions.
research [13]
and it is
powerful tool
for
understanding
subjective
experience
and gaining
insights into
people’s
 inspiration and
actions.

Margate, L..F. In the A manifestation of 1.What The stories The very low Lesbians, Gays, The AFT points The last two
(2019) Philippines, such are the were culled number of Bisexuals and out that examples
members of heteronormative struggles from issues stories on the Transgenders school-based even
the LGBT standard can be of gays published LGBT remain under extracurricular promote
community seen in the and from January community in reported in groups have stereotypes
face struggles, coverage of stories lesbians? 2007 until a span of a community the "potential for LGBT
discrimination about 2.How December decade can newspapers in to shape individuals
, and LGBT members that does 2016. The lead one to the school climate, such that the
under include their religion tenyear time conclude that Northern address subjects of
representatio gender identity in influence frame would the sector is Philippines. inequality, and the news
n, among the news report people’s have been underreporte News reports affect student reports are
other issues, even if it is not views long enough d. There is published in performance." demonized
in educational pertinent to the about to see if there also episodic three LGBTQ student because of
institutions, story. This is why LGBT? were reporting in community organizations their gender
religious we see stories with significant that news on papers over a show great identity.
institutions, titles such as “Gay changes in the the LGBT span of ten promise in Under
the doc aims for frequency and peaks only years "reducing dominant
government, circumcision record manner of during Pride were few, discrimination heteronorma
and even the worldwide” reportage on Week episodic, and against LGBTQ tive
media. In the (Padilla, 2008); the LGBT celebrations. are given students, standards,
realm of print “Pusher, gay community. A An limited space. promoting heterosexuali
news partner get life total of 520 improvement This situation their well- ty and
publication, terms for shabu” issues per in LGBT lends nothing being, and homosexualit
their battles (2011); or “Lesbian newspaper or coverage more than fostering safe y are binary
include mauled for love an overall would give what Liebler and affirming opposites,
garnering affair” (2016). The number of news (2009) calls as school hence the
publication last two examples 1,560 readers more “a feel-good environments. gender roles
space, media even promote newspaper opportunity veneer, or a " These groups of
portrayal, and stereotypes for issues were to learn symbolic provide masculine
representatio LGBT individuals included in the about sexual representation support for men and
n. These such that the study. Since orientation, of LGBTs” LGBTQ feminine
determine subjects of the the study gender (p.656). students, and women are
whether news reports are entailed going identity, and This should be they can help naturalized
there is fair, demonized over the expression the new norm create and non-
accurate, and because of their online and the because an awareness in heterosexuali
ethical gender identity. archives, LGBT LGBT improvement schools and ty is often
reportage of Under dominant related stories community as in LGBT help to considered
the LGBT heteronormative were a whole. The coverage counteract abnormal—a
community. standards, handpicked under would give discrimination. bad form of
heterosexuality and based on the reporting news readers They can also sexual
homosexuality are title and the means that more ensure that expression
binary opposites, recurring the opportunities school policies (Robinson,
hence the gender themes. The heteronorma to learn about and curriculum 2016, p.1).
roles of search strings tive practice sexual are inclusive.
masculine men and used were the of not orientation, Offering to
feminine women following: seeing LGBTs gender start such a
are naturalized and Lesbian, Gay, as a generally identity, and group at your
non- Bisexual, newsworthy expression, as school or
heterosexuality is Transgender, subject well as about becoming an
often considered Homosexual, remains the LGBT advisor for an
abnormal—a bad and Men present in the community as existing one
form of sexual Having Sex media a whole. can help
expression with Men. community. Among ensure that
(Robinson, 2016, The unit of the key issues students have
p.1). analysis is the the media can positive
entire article help focus on experiences at
with its for the LGBT school.
headline. community are
equal rights,
 HIV-AIDS,
and hate
crimes (Dela
Cruz, 2009).

Ceatha,N.,et The broad According to the 1.Are they The research The eleven This study This in-depth This in-depth
al.,(2019) research World Health being aim was to respondents exemplifies the exploration of exploration of
consensus Organization respected by explore the included five social and how LGBT how LGBT
suggesting (WHO) “wellbeing their peers? social meaning lesbian cultural capital people communities
substantial is fundamental to 2.How do and women, four embedded describe the describe the
vulnerabilities quality of life, people significance of gay men, one within LGBT meaning and meaning and
among enabling people to realize LGBT social bisexual networks and significance of significance
lesbian, gay, experience life as they're and person and the their shared of their
bisexual and meaningful and to trans, community one contributory interests, shared
transgender be creative and gender through their transgender role of interest hobbies and interests,
(LGBT) active citizens” [1]. nonconformi sporting, person who groups, pursuits hobbies and
communities The WHO makes a ng, creative or were involved established by, reveals there pursuits
may fail to further genderqueer social pursuits. in 15 LGBT and is a lot to suggests
recognize the contribution to our , or Giving voice to groups and maintained for, “learn with” there is a lot
protective understanding of nonbinary? LGBT people’s 16 non-LGBT LGBT LGBT to “learn
factors wellbeing through perspectives groups. communities, communities with” LGBT
available to the Ottawa and priorities Participants’ in enhancing [52]. The communities
these Charter for Health is of interests social findings [52].
populations. Promotion, which paramount included connectedness. presented However,
The sparse defines health importance, physical It may be that suggest that within policy,
literature on promotion as: “the with the activities future studies groups, by and the
mental health process of recognition of (athletics, in this area can for LGBT contribution
promotion enabling people to mental health hiking, roller shed more communities, of LGBT
highlights the increase control inequalities for derby, rugby), light on these are pivotal in communities
importance over, and to people from creative policy-making raising aspects in promoting
of improve, their minority pursuits lacunae, of recognition, wellbeing
understandin health” [2] The sexual (theatre, art, especially both in terms appears to
g strengths- Charter orientation choir, given recent of have been
based emphasizes the and gender creative trends towards interpersonal largely
community need to both identity writing) and social and unrecognized
approaches change the populations social groups prescribing to community . Despite the
that promote environment and [3,4,5]. The (dining, promote contribution limitations of
LGBT strengthen the study online community as well as the study, the
wellbeing. . person, prioritized the MeetUp for involvement right-based findings
Ten in-depth acknowledging involvement of socialising). and address activities provide
interviews that. LGBT The youngest social isolation. [8,9,10]. valuable,
were stakeholders participant Finally, the use However, the alternative
conducted and was 22 years of alternative contribution of views that
with 11 communities and the theoretical LGBT may
people in recognition oldest was frameworks to communities contradict
(including that some 56. The enhance in promoting policy norms.
one couple) LGBT voices majority (n = debates in this wellbeing A health
who self- may be under- 10) were fully area, in appears to promotion
identified as researched open about particular, have been approach,
lesbian (5), [51]. Drawing their gender notions of largely informed by
gay (4), from Baker identity and rights-based unrecognized the Ottawa
bisexual (1) and Beagan’s sexual recognition, Charter and
and emphasis on orientation, where issues of underpinned
transgender “learning with all social justice by Honneth’s
(1) aged with” LGBT describing and identify Theory of
between 22 communities their annual are fore Recognition,
and 56 years. [52], the participation fronted is makes it
A university research in the Dublin necessary if possible to
Research sought to Pride Parade, health envisage
Ethics problematise possibly promotion in some shifts,
Committee the reflecting this area is to from
granted assumption their be effective. individual
approval. The that LGBT connectednes health
data were communities s to LGBT toward
transcribed are a communities. service
and coded universally Most reorientation
using vulnerable participants paradigms.
thematic group [11,12]. were in a Messages
analysis, This approach relationship from the
enhanced strengthened at the time of study
through a the research interview (n = reinforce the
memo- process, from 7), including central role
writing design to civil that LGBT
approach to dissemination, partnerships communities
reflexivity. enhancing the and can play in
quality of the marriages; the
study [51]. It three of the promotion of
also ensured study’s mental health
diverse participants and social
representation had children. wellbeing,
across age, Nine with
sexual participants important
orientation, were Irish, policy and
gender and while one practice
gender was born in a implications.
identity, European
nationality and country and
sporting, one in North
creative and America.
social
interests,
informed by
Rubin and
Rubin’s
concept of a
“conversation
 al partner”
[50].

Town,R., et There is Self-management 1.What are During the The data This is the first Several of the A key area of
al.,(2021) evidence that has been defined LGBTQ+ two-month were research study, self- future
young people as, “[t]he taking of young sampling analysed to to our management investigation
generally self- responsibility for people’s period, young answer the knowledge, to strategies should be
manage their one's own experiences people from three investigate identified in into social
mental health behaviour and and diverse ages, research LGBTQ+ young the current and LGBTQ+
using self-care wellbeing” [1, p. 1]. opinions of ethnicities, questions people’s study align youth group
strategies, There is a lack of using gender following experiences with previous or community
coping conceptual clarity strategies or identities, guidelines for and research support as
methods and in the self- techniques sexual reflexive perceptions of investigating key
other self- management to self- orientations thematic self-managing coping [6] and facilitators to
management literature, as manage and analysis [22] their mental non- the self-
techniques, evidenced by their mental geographical and drawing health, as well professionally management
which may multiple conflicting health? locations in on the step- as the barriers mediated of mental
better meet definitions to 2.What are the UK by-step and facilitators interventions health, as
their needs or describe the LGBTQ+ (including process to self- [5]. Stapley et these were
be preferable concept [2]. For young major developed by management al. [6] highlighted
to attending example, one study people’s metropolitan Braun and for this group. identified by
specialist of chronic disease perceptions areas and rural Clarke [25]. Findings similar coping participants
mental health in older adults of what areas, as well This involved established strategies, in the current
services. argued there is a stops them as areas checking the that LGBTQ+ including study and
LGBTQ+ distinction between from or known to have transcripts young people ‘digital or have
young people ‘self-care’ as helps them a significant against the perceive media implications
are more preventative and to self- LGBTQ+ audio files, themselves to entertainment for policy and
likely than ‘self-management’ manage presence and reading the be using ’, ‘creative intervention
their peers to as managing the those not data in its multiple activities’, development.
experience a impact of a current their mental known for entirety strategies to ‘being More
mental health difficulty or disease health? this) were multiple self-manage physically research is
difficulty and [3]. However, in recruited. The times and their mental active’, needed into
may be less mental health, as primary taking notes, health and ‘positive digital mental
likely to draw probably in many researcher creating perceive there thinking or health
on specialist other long-term contacted ‘codes’ which to be a number optimism', interventions
support due conditions, this organisations captured of barriers and ‘ignoring for LGBTQ+
to fears of distinction does not specialising in interesting facilitators to people, young
discrimination hold up, with gender aspects of the this process. feelings or people, and
. However, interventions diversity as data These findings situations’, how such
little is known involving elements well as general systematically support further ‘social interventions
about LGBTQ+ of self- LGBTQ+ youth across the exploration support’ and could
young management and groups. entire data into the ‘other facilitate
people’s self-care being used Collecting set, bringing development professional LGBTQ+
experiences preventatively to these data and the codes and of or provision support’ (see young
and identify and involving correspondin of research- Table people’s self-
perceptions of manage the early LGBTQ+ g data informed Table1).1). management
self-managing warning signs of people in extracts support to an Likewise, a of their
their mental manic episodes in research can together into intervention or number of mental
health. Using bipolar disorder [4]. help to send a initial policy to non- health, to
a multimodal A recent study signal that themes, support self- professionally potentially
qualitative highlights the their views checking that management, mediated improve
design, 20 crossover between and the themes particularly interventions mental health
LGBTQ+ self-management preferences captured the that which can identified in outcomes for
young people and self-care in are taken essence of be tailored for Wolpert et al.’ this group.
participated in youth mental seriously and the data specific groups study reflected
a telephone health by detailing valued [18]. extracts, (e.g., gender the self-
interview or strategies, such as continuing to diverse management
an online meditation or deep refine and individuals), as strategies
focus group. A breathing, which analyse each some groups identified in
semi- could be used for of the might find the current
structured both illness themes, and particular ways study,
schedule was prevention and finally of self- including (but
employed to management of producing a managing their not limited to)
address the existing symptoms report mental health reading, self-
research [5]. Thus, it is likely featuring more helpful harm, talking
questions, that the terms self- vivid than others to someone
which management and examples [32]. you know and
focussed on self-care in the from the data trust, positive
LGBTQ+ context of mental extracts for thinking,
young health are not each theme physical
people’s mutually exclusive [25]. exercise,
experiences and may lie on a sleep,
and continuum of mindfulness,
perceptions of techniques and walking,
self-managing strategies. spending time
their mental outdoors in
health, what nature, warm
they bath, writing
perceived to things down
stop or help and making
them to self- music [5].
manage and
any perceived
challenges to
self-
management
specifically
relating to
being LGBTQ+
Gallardo- Hate crimes Violence based on 1.What are The study was The analysis Following our Our study Furthermore,
Nieto,E.M.et have raised in sexual orientation, the factors designed to chart has research goal demonstrates the inclusion
al.,(2021) Spain and the gender identity or that understand been of improving the urgency of of LGBTQI+
gender and gender expression influence how, why, in designed to the quality of the conflict literature to
sexuality- is present in our gender which forms collect life of LGBTQI+ taking place at be addressed
based conflicts society and within identity? and contributions university HEI’s on the in classrooms
persist the university 2.What do circumstances from students, grounds of and the
worldwide community [1,2,3]. you think this form of interviews through the sexual impact of
which leads to Numerous are the violence in and CM and orientation, normalizing
this problem international factors HEI’s take communicati breaking the gender gender and
having an studies have shown that place affecting ve daily life silence that identity and sex diversity
effect on that the lesbian, influence university stories exist about this gender in educational
health and gay, transgender, gender students’ life, considering sort of expression. It institutions
wellbeing. queer and intersex roles health status all the violence, the has also would also be
Following a (LGBTQI+) within the and future. dimensions study identified provided us relevant. Our
focus of community have communit Given the and protective and with the study
transforming more risk and y? scientific categories exclusionary scientific highlights the
Higher probabilities to evidence on selected factors likely to evidence and importance of
Education suffer sexual LGBTQI+ (Table 1 – have a high the the alliance of
Institutions, discrimination or violence Result impact in the protagonists’ university
this research harassment during prevalence analysis quality of life of discourses by professors in
analysed the their university and the aims of chart). University bringing to the struggle
problem that trajectory [2, 3]. the research, Dimensions LGBTQI+ discussion how against
affects Furthermore, the the main are located in students in the both LGBTQI-
undergraduat risk of being object research the rows and Catalan region. dimensions phobia as
e students in of violence objective is to refer to the This innovative match and upstanders in
six Spanish increases in the improve the two sorts of and complement the conflict,
universities. case of transgender quality of life results transformative each other an issue that
The research students [4,5,6]. of LGTBIQ depending on focus has when facing must be
goal is to National politics university their provided the conflicts, paramount in
improve the and international students, contribution dialogue-based needs and new research
life quality of agendas have given breaking the or methodology discrimination lines and
lesbian, gay, priority to the silence that transformatio on the study of based on actions
bisexual, legislation and exists about n of the target the conflict of sexual against
transgender, regulation to end the violence conflict, gender and orientation, violence on
queer and with LGBTQI- they suffer. referring to sexual diversity gender the grounds
intersex phobia [7, 8], even the in the most identity and of sexual
university though the risk of Communicati relevant gender orientation,
students, suffering sexual ve educational expression. gender
breaking the harassment is still Methodology. institution. Furthermore, identity and
silence that higher in the case of Categories the study has gender
exists around sexual minorities [1, are the added relevant expression.
the violence 6, 9, 10]. The case of concepts that knolwedge to On the other
that this group Spanish universities are being previous hand,
suffer in reflects the used in the research with studying the
Catalonia, international research an evidence- case of
Spain. panorama in process to based transgender
relation to the analyse the approach and needs and
LGBTQI+ academic results of the successful trajectories in
community [11]. fieldwork and cases to HEI’s is still a
they are improve pending
located in the protocols and issue.
columns strategies for Tackling the
(Table 1 – the struggle need to
Result against the underst
analysis problem of transgender
chart). In this LGBTQI-phobia identities and
section, we taking into non-binary
have made an account the gender
in depth voices of the expressions
approach to university within the
the research community in institutional
target: the Catalan framework
studying context. would
violence contribute to
against detect and
 LGBTQI+ explain forms
community in of violence
HEI’s. On the yet to be
one hand, we identified as
have analysed well as the
the results strategies to
that do not counter
contribute to these.
overcoming
the problem
of violence
based in
sexual
orientation,
gender
identity or
expression,
encompassed
within the
exclusionary
dimension.
Wilson,C.&Ca Due to Young people 1.What Young people The search Although Qualitative The voices of
riola,L.A.(201 increased experience many mental experience identified 97 quantitative research into LGBTQI+
9) levels of challenges in health many abstracts investigations mental health youth call for
stigma, adolescence. issue does challenges in which were into sexual and issues inclusive
discrimination Anxiety, depression LGBT adolescence. screened for gender experienced environments
and and suicide are have? Anxiety, relevance to minority youth by LGBTQI+ , acceptance
victimization reported as causes 2.Why is depression qualitative have revealed youth, while and support
Lesbian, Gay, of youth morbidity important and suicide are research into poor mental not commonly from service
Bisexual, and mortality for the reported as mental health health undertaken, is providers and
Transgender, across the world youth to causes of of LGBTQI+ outcomes, and essential to the family
Queer, (Adelson et al. have youth youth. The identified risk provision of members,
Questioning or 2016). Empirical awareness morbidity and full texts of 52 and protective understanding and a
Intersex studies suggest about mortality articles were factors, there and insight for community to
(LGBTQI+) that youth who mental across the assessed and are gaps in our community which they
youth face identify as Lesbian, health? world (Adelson 34 were understanding service can belong,
particular Gay, Bisexual, et al. 2016). identified as of how these providers, either in their
challenges in Transgender, Empirical providing effects arise. To health own
society. With Queer, Questioning studies data address this we professionals geographical
the intention or Intersex suggest that pertaining to performed a and for the ecology or
of better (LGBTQI+) can find youth who the aim of this systematic youth internet-
understanding themselves faced identify as systematic review of themselves. based.
the challenges with greater Lesbian, Gay, review. The qualitative Without a Addressing
and issues that challenges, Bisexual, 34 reviews investigations LGBTQI+ youth these key
LGBTQI+ compared to youth Transgender, were into the voice to needs
youth are of heterosexual Queer, organized experiences of influence provides
experiencing, orientation, as they Questioning or into five LGBTQI+ youth. policy and resilience in
this systematic navigate the Intersex groups based The results practice it is the face of
review heteronormative (LGBTQI+) can on the identified five challenging to marginalizati
explored educational and find research core themes: provide on, isolation,
qualitative societal institutions themselves settings: (1) isolation, support within and
studies with a where children and faced with Internet rejection, their victimization.
focus on youth spend much greater search studies phobia and ecosystem Safe
mental health of their early lives challenges, (see Table 1), need for where the environments
services and (Almeida et al. compared to (2) University support; needs of these and anti-
the requisite 2009; Fergusson et youth of student marginalization youth can be discriminatio
social support al. 1999; Hafeez et heterosexual studies (see ; depression, met. For this n policy
service al. 2017; Russell orientation, as Table 2), (3) self-harm and population alleviate the
policies and and Fish 2016). they navigate School or suicidality; much of their stressors
programs for Online and the community policy and time is spent in which make
LGBTQI+ community heteronormati group studies environment; their family, the
youth. services, such as ve educational (see Table 3), and school or challenges
Qualitative RainbowYOUTH and societal (4) Studies connectedness. community faced by
research (RainbowYOUTH institutions focusing on These five environment, sexual and
systematically 2018) and where children Transgender themes where gender
examines the InsideOUT and youth (see Table 4), became acceptance minority
expressed (InsideOUT 2018) in spend much of (5) apparent and the ability youth greater
thoughts and New Zealand and their early lives Intervention across the to express than those of
feelings of the their international (Almeida et al. studies (see differing their authentic their peers.
research equivalents, are 2009; Table 5). The methodologies self is These results
participants, available to youth, Fergusson et results were and population paramount to provide a
and through but the provision of al. 1999; compiled samples, mental well- source of rich
reflective a positive school Hafeez et al. tables, and providing rich being. To this information
analysis of the climate where 2017; Russell sorted into information. end, this to inform the
themes and LGBTQI+ youth can and Fish 2016). groups. The systematic provision of
links feel physically, Online and implications for review aimed services and
discussed, can emotionally and community policy, practice to identify policies that
provide rich socially safe is vital services, such and future studies using will address
and nuanced for them to thrive as research are qualitative the disparity
understanding during their RainbowYOUT clear from this research into mental
. A synthesis of adolescence and H synthesis of methods of health
the included early adulthood. (RainbowYOUT research enquiry into statistics for
studies H 2018) and findings. mental health the sexual
identified five InsideOUT in young and gender
core themes: (InsideOUT LBGTQI+ minority
(1) Isolation, 2018) in New people. youth
rejection, Zealand and population.
phobia, need their
for support; international
(2) equivalents,
Marginalizatio are available to
n; (3) youth, but the
Depression, provision of a
self-harm and positive school
suicidality; (4) climate where
Policy and LGBTQI+ youth
environment; can feel
and (5) physically,
Connectednes emotionally
s. Key results and socially
suggest that safe is vital for
community, them to thrive
school, and during their
family adolescence
resources to and early
support adulthood.
resilience will
optimize
LGBTQI+
mental health.
This
systematic
review of
qualitative
research
provides a
source of rich
information to
inform the
provision of
services and
policies that
will address
the disparity
into mental
health
statistics for
the LGBTQI+
population.
Strauss,P.,et Trans and Trans and gender 1.How to N = 14 TGD There was The attitudes of In order to The
al,(2019) gender diverse diverse (TGD) help young people general TGD young appeal to TGD participants
(TGD) young people identify as a someone aged 11– agreement on people young people, in this study
people are at gender with 18 years the feasibility expressed in a game-based may not have
high risk for incongruent to the gender participated in of using a the current digital mental been a
mental health sex assigned to identity the study digital mental study show health representativ
difficulties. them at birth. crisis? (mean age of health promise with intervention e sample of
Previous There are a wide 2.What are 15.6 years). Of intervention regards to the needs to be a TGD young
research has range of identities the the fourteen to improve potential utility high-quality people for
shown that that TGD people psychologi participants, the mental of delivering game several
three in four identify as cal two were health of TGD mental health recommended reasons, the
TGD young including male, theories of assigned male young people. interventions by peers first of which
people have female, non-binary, gender and twelve The following through digital and/or health is the small
been agender, identity were assigned themes were games. The professionals sample size of
diagnosed genderqueer and developme female at developed: findings from that subtly participants.
with an bigender. A recent nt? birth. experiences this study targets mental In addition,
anxiety study from the Participants contributing indicate that health. recruitment
disorder United States reported their to mental the format and Previous materials
and/or suggests that TGD gender health style of the research has clearly stated
depression young people identity as difficulties; game is demonstrated that the study
and almost constitute 2.7% of male or trans online and important for that health was about
one in two the adolescent male (n = 9), digital successful professionals gaming, so
have population. female (n = 1), supports and uptake. are willing to participants
attempted agender or mental health Considering the recommend who were
suicide. TGD non-binary coping prevalence of game-based inherently
young people (n = 3) and strategies; mental health digital mental more
experience bigender (male face-to-face difficulties in health interested in
barriers to and agender; supports and this population interventions games were
traditional n = 1). Eleven mental health this avenue to LGBT+ more likely to
mental health participants coping warrants young people have
services, reported living strategies; empirical who have low participated.
commonly at home with uncertainty investigation as mood ( Further, the
faced with one or both about a means of href="#bb012 current
inexperienced parents, one suitability and reaching and 5" Lucassen et sample
providers and reported living integrity of assisting TGD al., 2018), reported
discrimination with online young people. which offers relatively high
. Video and roommates resources; feasibility for levels of
computer and one preferred the parental
games, as well reported living features of dissemination support and
as online with digital mental of this kind of almost all
spaces, are grandparents. health intervention. participants
sources of One intervention Participants of lived at home
resilience for participant did delivery; this study were with their
TGD young not provide preferred supportive of parents. High
people. Digital this timing of the idea of a levels of
mental health information. delivery of game that parental
interventions No mental health helps to both support may
are a feasible, participants intervention; prevent and be attributed,
but dropped out or aspects of treat in part, to the
understudied, refused to games that depression in recruitment
approach to participate in are TGD young methods as
consider for this phase of advantageous people. those under
this the broader ; and aspects Additional age 14
population. study. of games that features of needed
are game-based parental
unfavourable. mental health consent. The
. interventions majority of
highlighted by participants
participants were
included the assigned
involvement of female at
LGBT+ people birth and the
in the creation sample may
process of the not be
game. These representativ
focus groups
 brought to e of all TGD
light the young people.
importance of
mobile apps
and the
overlap of
their utility
with that of
video and
computer
games for
alleviating
distress.
Webster,R. & Approximately In the UK, 3.6 1.How can In the UK, 3.6 Results of the The results of Healthcare Recommendati
Drury- 3.6 million million people you help a million people search the review providers in ons for
Smith(2021) people in the identify as LGBT cancer identify as included 20 highlights gaps the UK have a practice have
UK identify as accounting for 5% patient LGBT studies (Fig. in healthcare duty of care to been
lesbian, gay, of the total have a accounting for 3).24, 25, 26, services in treat all summarised in
bisexual and population.2,3 The positive 5% of the total 27, 28, 29, 30, terms of HCP people fairly Fig. 5. The
transgender specific healthcare outlook in population.2,3 31, 32, 33, 34, knowledge, and equally by results from
(LGBT). Fear needs of lesbian, life? The specific 35, 36, 37, 38, cancer support the Health and the review
of gay, bisexual and 2.How do healthcare 39, 40, 41, 42, and unmet Social Care Act clearly show a
discrimination transgender (LGBT) you needs of 43 Of these psychosocial 2012 and the lack of
and lack of people are often empathize lesbian, gay, studies, ten needs of LGBT Equality Act knowledge and
sexual different to someone bisexual and were patients. The 2010. HCPs do understanding
orientation heterosexual with transgender qualitative, recommendati not need to of the LGBT
and gender people, and many cancer? (LGBT) people seven ons are a start change community
identity find that their are often quantitative in increasing religious or and health.
recording needs are not met different to and three inclusivity in moral beliefs Including LGBT
suggests LGBT by healthcare heterosexual mixed oncology and to provide awareness and
people are service.4,5 Sexual people, and method radiotherapy good care to health
invisible to orientation and many find that approaches. and being able LGBT people, education in
health gender identity their needs The appraisal to rectify the but it is HCPs training
services. A (SOGI) information are not met by tools were issues LGBT important to programmes,
systematic is not routinely healthcare used to face navigating treat each such as
review was collected and some service.4,5 assess quality services, such individual with radiography
conducted to LGBT people may Sexual of each study, as creating respect, BSc courses,
critically be reluctant to orientation depending on more LGBT dignity and would tackle
analyse ‘come out’ over and gender the cancer support excellent this.
primary fear of identity (SOGI) methodology services in a care.1 Furthermore,
research discrimination, and information is of the study support groups Resources are education in
investigating therefore avoid not routinely (Fig. 3). All and resources. available to LGBT health
psychosocial healthcare collected and the studies Further advise and cancer is
support needs services.6 Minority some LGBT that were research is healthcare important in
for LGBT stress is the stress people may be included in necessary in providers and understanding
cancer and stigma of living reluctant to the critical radiotherapy HCPs on LGBT how we can
patients in an area where ‘come out’ analysis were to better health prevent unmet
during and discrimination, over fear of used in the support LGBT disparities and needs in
after marginalisation and discrimination, results due to patients in how to be an future. SOGI
treatment. homophobia and therefore the lack of cancer journey. inclusive monitoring
continues to impact avoid studies that organisation. should be
on the individual healthcare included all Stonewall and included when
and has7 been services.6 people under Macmillan collecting
suggested to be Minority stress the LGBT have many information
linked with physical is the stress from patients.
health problems and stigma of
and an increase in living in an
smoking, alcohol area where
and drug misuse; discrimination,
however there is marginalisatio
limited research in n and
this area.8 A survey homophobia
identified those continues to
that self-identify as impact on the
gay or lesbian were individual and
more likely to has7 been
 smoke9,10; suggested to
Roberts. et al. be linked with
(2017) discovered physical health
that 45.7% of LGBT problems and
people asked an increase in
smoked daily and smoking,
22.7% smoked alcohol and
occasionally. drug misuse;
however there
is limited
research in
this area.
Anderson,J. Subjective Subjective well- 1.Do you A qualitative Thematic When The research Upon
(2018) well-being is being (SWB) refers identify as approach was analysis was conducting the conducted was reflection, it is
characterised to a “persons trans or do utilised as the the chosen to thematic able to explore clear that the
as an cognitive and you have a topic focused analyse analysis, four positive researcher was
important affective trans on a specific transcripts key themes aspects of not neutral
aspect of life. evaluations of history? group of (an excerpt were identified being LGBT within the
How [their own] life” 2.Do you people. can be found out of and research as
one feels (Diener et al., 2002: live and According to in appendix thirty-eight relate this to she had prior
about 63), encompassing work/stud Clarke et al., 6) and is nodes. These well-being. In experience
themselves is thoughts about life, y in a (2010), described as nodes included doing so, within the
essential emotions, and gender qualitative “a method closeness, similar themes community,
when feelings; made up role designs are for defiance, were and her own
understanding of life satisfaction, different particularly identifying, education, identified to beliefs and
their positive affect and from your useful when analysing and pride and those in past assumptions
experiences. negative affect sex as studying reporting stigma. The research. surrounding
Previous (Diener et al., registered LGBT+ pattern codes were Riggle et al., the
literature 2002). Diener et al., at birth? populations as within data” grouped into (2008) community.
states that (2003) state that it allows for an (Braun and four main identified a While
LGBT+ people SWB includes exploration of Clarke, 2006: themes: living theme of researching
have lower aspects which the meanings 6). Thematic authentically, creative and the LGBT+
levels of well- laypeople call which are analysis importance authentic community, it
being than happiness, attached to includes of community, living. Higa et is important
their fulfilment, life experiences. searching families of al., (2014) for the
heterosexual, satisfaction, and They further for themes choice, and identified researcher to
cisgender peace. Research argue that important to negative peers and maintain
counterparts. surrounding qualitative the experiences. involvement in appropriate
While there subjective designs are phenomenon Negative the LGBT+ boundaries
are many wellbeing focuses suited to being experiences community as and avoid dual
possible on life satisfaction, ‘giving researched has a positive relationships
explanations happiness and voice’ (Clarke (Fereday and three identified factor. with
for this, there psychological well- et al., 2010:53) Muir- subthemes: Riggle et al., participants.
is a distinct being to Cochrane, hiding oneself, (2008) also LaSala
lack (Office for National marginalised 2006). A homophobic/tr identified the (2003)
in studies Statistics; ONS, communities, theme ansphobic importance of suggests that
exploring 2011).SWB is one and therefore captures abuse, and involvement in this
positive of many measures should be important stigma. the LGBT+ maintenance is
aspects of of an individual and employed aspects about The themes community, vital to
LGBT+ societies’ quality of when studying the data identified will while protecting
identities and life; it is LGBT+ (Braun and be discussed, highlighting participants
wellbeing. necessary for a communities. Clarke, 2006), and a thematic the notion of and keeping a
This study good and healthy and table can be families of professional
consisted for life, along with a are recurring found in choice. The nature. With
semi- good and healthy features of appendix 7 present the area being
structured society (Diener et accounts, with further research has sensitive to
interviews al., 2003). characterising quotations. been able to some
with six LGBT+ relevant support the participants it
participants, experiences findings of was important
and focused (King and previous for the
on positive Horrocks, studies, in the researcher to
aspects of 2010). present time. remain neutral
being LGBT+. Braun and when
Thematic Clarke (2006) interviewing,
analysis was identified five and accepting
used to main steps that
analyse the for experiences
data and four conducting differ (Willig,
main themes thematic 2013)
were analysis:
identified: familiarisatio
living n, generation
authentically, of initial
importance of codes,
community, searching for
families of themes,
choice, and reviewing
negative themes, and
experiences. naming
themes
(Braun and
Clarke, 2006).
It is essential
to familiarise
oneself
within the
data and note
areas of
interest,
which will be
used when
coding the
data (Braun
and Clarke,
2006)
Mule,N.(2020 For the first In recent years, 1.What is Critical For the With A major policy The
) time, the state and regional the discourse purposes of governmental conundrum recommendati
broad health governments have acronym analysis [35] this paper, bodies such as the report falls ons put forth
issues, needs shown an increased LGBTQIA2S was employed the state the European into is that of by the
and concerns interest in matters ? to qualitatively refers to the Commission, identification Standing
of LGBT+ relating to lesbian, 2.What are examine The Canadian the UK and Committee on
people in gay, bisexual, the Health of federal Parliament, the categorization Health for the
Canada were transsexual, different LGBTQIA2 government Government of to fit the Canadian
taken up by transgender, Two- abbreviatio Communities and in Canada, and in LGBT+ House of
the federal Spirit, queer, ns for in Canada [6] particular the the past, the communities Commons, for
government’s intersex, etc. LGBT? report and, in Standing US Department into the the most part,
Standing (LGBT+) health. LGBTQ+ is particular, its Committee of Human mainstream of call for the
Committee on This has followed an recommendati on Health of Services, all society or inclusion of
Health in years of LGBT+ abbreviatio ons. By the House of taking an capture the LGBT+ health
2019. The community n undertaking a Commons of interest in the mainstream issues being
findings of activism and critical Canada. health issues of within these taken up in
their community discourse Terminology LGBT+ communities. existing
consultations development analytical is important, populations, it The report’s structures that
with LGBT+ towards addressing review of this especially is incumbent equality- are not
Canadians the health and report, an when upon LGBT+ driven designed to
produced a social care needs of LGBT+ socio- attempting to communities approach does accommodate
report that at these communities. cultural and engage with a to critically not address the complex
once captures Preceding these political lens marginalized review how these diversity of
the breadth of events was the was utilized to community these issues concerns. these
input HIV/AIDS epidemic determine such as the are being taken There is also communities.
received, and and concerns about how LGBT+ gender and up. State historical At risk is the
provides an breast cancer in health issues sexually relations with amnesia in reification of
opportunity lesbians. Much was are diverse. The LGBT+ that nowhere these
for learned from these understood, importance communities in the report is communities
accountable health crises and framed and of often align it mentioned to more
state response utilized in drawing communicated terminology agendas with that the closely match
to LGBT+ increased attention . The Standing is based on mainstream federal the status quo
health needs to the broad health Committee on both the heteronormati government while further
in the form of and wellbeing Health based choice of ve funded a marginalizing
research, concerns of LGBT+ its report on reference and perspectives, number of the health
education, populations. submitted how such which do not community- issues of the
policy, funding However, briefs, witness communities necessarily based studies most
and addressing LGBT+ presentations are being capture more on the health vulnerable
programming, health often and visits to represented. marginalized issues of therein. More
yet questions requires state LGBT+ health It is noted members of LGBT+ people, emphasis on
arise as to the support, which, service that the LGBT+ beginning as the
socio-political through its policy, providers [36] acronyms communities. far back as the ‘difference’
approach that programming and contributing to used to late 1980s component of
will ultimately funding its content. In reference the through the the inclusion–
be taken. This apparatuses leads keeping with gender and early-to-mid difference
focus on the to what Epstein [1] the ‘inclusion– sexually 2000s, each paradigm will
health of terms as an difference diverse often producing allow LGBT+
LGBT+ ‘inclusion– paradigm’ and change, have numerous communities
Canadians difference queer become recommendati to approach
follows paradigm.’ This liberation expansive ons [50], none their health
decades of paradigm theory, a over time, of which were concerns from
grassroots and challenges LGBT+ deductive and vary with taken up in a liberationist
sometimes communities with approach was regard to any formal approach that
state-funded the need to be undertaken order, way during creates new
research on included within that draws specificity that time. policies,
this very issue. health and welfare from the and inclusion. Apart from the funding and
This study safety nets that existing From the shortcomings programming
undertook a often come with literature on outset, the of existing to meet their
critical constraints at the health issues state chose to data sources, diversified
content price of liberation. affecting use the such as health needs.
analysis, LGBT+ awkward Statistics
premised on communities acronym Canada’s
the queer and over two LGBTQIA2 to Canadian
liberation decades of the refer to Community
theory of The author’s lesbian, gay, Health Survey
Health of LGBT+ health bisexual, (CCHS)
LGBTQIA2 research and trans, queer, (although it is
Communities activism. This intersex, inclusive of
in Canada deduction asexual and sexual
report issued produced the Two-Spirit orientation
by the following Canadians, and gender
Standing themes: closely identity/expre
Committee on LGBT+-based resembling ssion, it is
Health. health issues; the LGBTQ2 limited on age
equality- Secretariat, range, sexual
seeking which deals behaviour and
measures; with LGBT+ sexual
difference issues at the attraction and
highlighted federal level, intersectionali
concerns. The in name, ty with other
results of the without identities and
findings in rationale for experiences),
each of these the latter the impact on
themes are [37]. future
then further Although research is not
discussed with somewhat addressed,
regard to their familiar at such as the
implications first glance, it Tri-Council
when diverse is in the being devoid
LGBT+ breakdown of any
perspectives that the recognition of
on health awkwardness LGBT+
engage with reveals itself. populations as
the identity- Reducing the a specified
based, ‘t’ to trans area of
categorizing only risks the research.
world of conflation of
policymaking. transsexual
and
 transgender
individuals
and their
respective
health issues.
The inclusion
of asexuals
may be seen
as
controversial
to some, who
have not seen
this group as
part of the
gender and
sexually
diverse, but
this is
arguable.
Johnson,M. et Lack of The socioecological 1.What are This Twenty The findings in The rate of This study has
al,(2020) attendance to model (SEM) ( the factors qualitative people this study routine CCS in several
cervical cancer href="#b0175" influencing study used an participated demonstrate this study was limitations.
screening McLeroy et al., utilization exploratory in the that 55%. Although First, the
(CCS) services 1988) posits that of cervical design and a telephone intersecting the sample sample was
is the most individual health is cancer deductive- interviews. factors at size in this mostly non-
attributable influenced by screening? inductive The individual, study was Hispanic white
factor to the factors at different 2.What are content interviews interpersonal, small due to individuals
development levels. The SEM is the analysis ranged from and structural the qualitative who were
of cervical useful in shifting barriers to approach. The 20 to 45 min. levels impact nature, the recruited
cancer. from the traditional cervical Consolidated The CCS among CCS rate is like through
Transgender viewpoint of cancer Criteria for participants TM. Most of other recent convenience
men, individuals and screening a Reporting were mostly the factors research that sampling
individuals their immediate Qualitative non-Hispanic relate to HCP sampled TM ( approaches.
whose gender environment to qualitative Research ( (75%) and and healthcare href="#b0105" Second, this
identity does acknowledging the study? href="#b0225" white (50%) organizations. Greene et al., study only
match with broader multiple Tong et al., and the mean Despite the 2019, included TM
their natal levels of influence ( 2007) guided age was 33 insurgence to href="#b0145" and thus were
female sex, href="#b0085" this article. years. In promote Kiran et al., not compared
use CCS less Fleury and Lee, The University addition, 55% health equity 2019). to non-
often than the 2006). Health of Nevada, Las of the sample for However, this transgender
general disparities among Vegas had received transgender rate is lower individuals.
female lesbian, gay, approved this routine CCS people, there than the Third, the
population. bisexual, and study. (screened in needs to be general findings in this
The transgender (LGBT) the last 3 stronger population, study are from
underlying individuals are years). See efforts from which has the perception
reasons for rooted in stigma, Table 1 for policymakers, recently been of the
deficient CCS which permeates the complete hospital between 65 participants;
among every level. Thus, sample administrators and 70% ( additional
transgender the SEM model is description. and leaders, href="#b0065" research is
men relate salient to LGBT and educators Centers for needed to
mostly to their health disparities to ensure Disease confirm the
stigmatized research and has healthcare Control and factors.
identity, such been used organizations Prevention,
as extensively ( amend their 2017,
discrimination href="#b0115" practices to be href="#b0165"
and Institute of more inclusive. MacLaughlin
unwelcoming Medicine, 2011). It Additionally, to et al., 2019).
healthcare is important to the Although
environments. note that although investigators’ there is a stark
However, the term LGBT is knowledge, disparity in
additional used throughout this is the first CCS rates
research is this paper, sexual study to report between TM
needed to orientation should the potential and the
expand our not be conflated relationship general
understanding with gender between population, it
of this identity. They are gender identity is challenging
complex issue. separate and development to make
This unrelated identities and CCS. The comparisons
exploratory but are commonly transition and because the
qualitative grouped together. coming-out United States
research study The SEMs emphasis processes are cancer registry
aimed to on the spheres of fluid and does not
identify the influences among complex and collect gender
determinants families, intersects with identity.
of CCS from communities, and physical, Despite the
the society is especially mental, and lack of
perspective of useful for studying psychosocial population-
transgender complex issues aspects of a level data for
men. Twenty (Institute of person’s life. transgender
transgender Medicine, 2011), Thus, it is likely people, the
men ages 21– such as CCS among that CCS lower CCS
65 were TM. For this study, behaviors rates are
conveniently the SEM was used change as a concerning.
sampled to to partly guide the TM’s identity The
participate in development of evolves. constellation
a semi- interview questions Understanding of factors that
structured and data analysis this emerged in
interview in and to relationship this study are
2018. The contextualize the through meaningful to
data were themes. further understanding
analyzed using research will CCS behaviors
a deductive- be important among TM.
inductive to improving
content CCS rates
analysis among TM.
approach and
the results
were sorted
into a
 socioecologica
l framework
(SEM). The
participants
were mostly
non-Hispanic
and white.
The mean age
was 33, and
55% of the
sample had
attended CCS
in the last
three years.
Bowman,S. et The study The proliferation of 1.What are Based on the A data- The study Analysis of the The authors
al,(2020) explored how services offered via the recognition driven, found that, accounts given recommend
lesbian, gay, online mediums common that the inductive when engaging by rural LGBT that internet-
bisexual and has been changing problems experiences of thematic with internet- young adults based mental
transgender the delivery of that you those who analysis based mental and providers health
(LGBT) young mental health care, observed deliver technique health care, of online providers work
adults in rural in Australia and about services and was used to rural LGBT mental health closely with
Australian globally, heralding Gender those who rely identify young adults services LGBT and
communities new challenges and and Human upon them are themes faced elicited youth
experience opportunities . Sexuality? shaped generated in difficulties in insights into communities
online mental Optimally 2.Is LGBT differently, a the data sets finding and the in rural areas
health employed, online community constructivist for the accessing the experiences of to facilitate the
services. services could help should be perspective respective right service. services, designing and
Online overcome accepted in was used to groups . Further perceived refining of
technologies geographical the frame this Given the research is needs of this client-centred
hold potential disparities in rural society? inquiry . expected needed to community services best
to overcome healthcare Why? Constructivist- variations in guide the and the way placed to meet
health access provision and take informed the coding, harnessing of they are the complex
barriers, but advantage of research the selection online shaped by
little is known technological assumes there of themes technologies in residing in needs of this
in practice for affordances, such are multiple was based on order to rural areas. community
this as the potential for realities and both the address the Findings raise
community. anonymity . For each person’s theme’s needs of LGBT several issues
lesbian, gay, view of reality prevalence rural young that are
bisexual and is authentic and the people, important for
transgender (LGBT) and unique . contribution including the those involved
young people living This provides that the abovemention in developing
outside the insight into theme made ed subgroups, and offering
proximity of how people to answering who may have services via
specialised services create their the research more complex online
and community own question needs. LGBT mediums to
support perspectives .Analysis youth in rural consider.
concentrated in of the social revealed areas are likely Presupposed
metropolitan hubs, world that benefits as to have advantages
these they inhabit well as sensitive, and
developments may and how they limitations of customised disadvantages
hold particular derive mental health needs that are were
promise . Yet, little meaning from services for not easily complicated
is known about the these rural LGBT addressed by through
landscape of experiences . youth, an en masse deeper
services, how they Semi- described by approach to understanding
are accessed and structured both the internet-based of young
their suitability for interviews young adults mental health adults’
meeting the needs with LGBT themselves care. engagement
of this community. young adults and the Developers and (or lack
This article in rural areas service providers of thereof) with
presents a and online providers. online services online
qualitative study mental health should take services,
designed to service account of the including what
address this deficit providers were challenges of facilitated and
through the undertaken negotiating inhibited. The
investigation of and availability, young adults’
 accounts from both thematically anonymity, discussions
young adults and analysed to privacy and about internet
service providers. explore connectedness access
perspectives . for young extended
A fieldwork adults. beyond the
diary was kept Furthermore, potentially
by the there is a vital poorer
researcher to role for service availability in
reflect on their providers to rural areas to
role in the promote meaningfully
process and health consider the
gain insight enablement nature of this
into how the with families access.
findings were and
generated . communities in
rural areas.
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