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Assignment 2 Due: Sep. 28, 2023
Answer the questions below. If appropriate, please box your final expression/ result.
Assume that all the variables are suitably non-dimensionalised. r represents the ampli-
tude of the tool vibration, θ̇ represents the tool vibration frequency which is simply set
to 1. ∆f is a measure of how large the feed rate is, beyond some critical value. a > 0
represents some fixed critical amplitude of vibration for the tool.
(a) What are the fixed points and curves of the system, as we vary ∆f ? Comment on
their stability.
(b) Plot the trajectories in phase-space, and physically interpret them.
(c) Do you expect a bifurcation ? What kind, and when ?
(d) Imagine that you start off with ∆f < 0. What will happen to a state at some
(r0 , θ0 ) where r0 < |∆f | ? Now, if you increase ∆f very quickly, compared to the
response time of the machine tool, what do you expect at ∆f = 0 ? Physically
interpret this.
(e) Let’s do the reverse. If we start off with ∆f > 0, and at some (r0 , θ0 ) where r0 < a,
what will happen ? Now, if you reduce ∆f , do you expect the tool to vibrate ? If
we decrease ∆f again much faster than the tool’s response time, will the vibration
damp out ?
(f) If increasing and decreasing ∆f gave you different results qualitatively, what’s going
on?1
Question 3: Survival
Let N1 and N2 be the number of deer, and tigers in a forest. The deer can increase in
number due to reproduction, and decrease in number due to unavailability of enough
resources, or by getting eaten by tigers. The tigers can increase in number by reproduc-
ing, and decrease in number if they don’t get enough food (deer). A simple model which
accounts for these is :
(a) Obtain the fixed points and analyse their stability. Sketch the trajectories in phase-
space.
(b) What kind of bifurcations do you expect ? Physically interpret them.
m4 m2 (T − Tc )
F = − (5)
4 2
Given an initial configurations of spins, the system evolves so as to minimise the free
energy, so that
dm ∂F
=− (6)
dt ∂m
(a) Find the fixed points, as we vary T . Comment on their stability.
(b) Do you expect a bifurcation ? When, and of what kind ? What does this physically
correspond to at T just greater than Tc ?
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ME261 ODE Assignment 2, Page 3 of 3 Due: Sep. 28, 2023
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