UNIT -4 Physical Education & Sports for Children with Special Needs

Meaning of Disability : Disability is a disadvantage that restricts the smooth functions of movement of a person.
It hampers daily routine activities of a person. It relates to physical, mental, developmental problems of a
person. It is a disturbance of function, structure of both resulting from a genetic or embryonic failure in
development or from exogenous factors such as poison, trauma or disease.

Meaning of Disorder: A disorder is a problem or illness which affects someone’s mind or body. It is normally
related to mental disorder. A disorder can affect adversely a person in any way. Disorder disrupts a person’s
performance and daily normal functions of a person. Many a times, a disorder is not diagnosed at correct time
which turns into a disability in future. In all types of disorder, mental disorder is considered to be most complex
and serious problem.

TYPES OF DISABILITIES
COGNITIVE DISABILITY INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY PHYSICAL DISABILITY

• In this condition, a person’s • It is related to person’s • It is a condition that affects the

ability to learn, speak,
memorise, solving skills are
disrupted. The person suffers
from dementia, and delirium
disease.
In addition, it affects adversely
the memorising power and
reasoning power.
• Types of Cognitive disabilities:-
(i) Memory Disorder : The person
who have problem in reasoning
and then recalling things.
(ii) Hyper activity : The person
tend to hyper during sitting,
standing phase, The person
remain in undue hurry.
(iii) (iii)Dyslexia : The person who
finds problem in reading,
writing and memorising.
thoughts, memorising, person’s mobility or movement.
understanding and solving • Normally, physical disability can
problems. be seen. It restricts normal
• In this children have less physical activities.
capacity to learn task or • It is the limitation on a person’s
process information. physical functioning, mobility,
• It can cause difficulty in dexterity or stamina. This
reasoning and analysing includes upper or lower limb
things. loss, poor manual dexterity,
• They have difficulty to take visual impairment, hearing loss
in information and or disability in coordination with
communication. different organs of the body.
• Apart from these, respiratory
disorders, epilepsy and sleep
disorders are also considered
physical disability.

General Causes of Disability

1. Genetic Cause: If in a family, a particular disability is found then coming generations are prone to that. This
happens due to defected gene of parents.
2. Mental health problems: Various disabilities are caused due to depression and bipolar disorder. Normally it is
found that mental health problems are hard to diagnose and treat.
3. Accidents : Road accidents,domestic accidents or occupationalaccidents may lead to disability e.g. head
injury, cervical injuries, loss of limbs, etc. which may also affect psychological and economical aspects of life.
4. Malnutrition: If children are not nourished with essential elements then they become physically weak. If
there is deficiency of calcium, then bones become weak. If there is deficiency of iodine, then growth and
development get hampered. Deficieny of vit. A can cause blindness in children. Deficiency of vitamin B12 can
cause weak memory and also paralysis.
5. Illness: If anyone suffering from serious illness like–cancer, heart disease, diabetes, for a longer duration, then
the person get affected by disability. Back pain, arthritis, skeletal related disorders are few of the reasons for
disability.
6. Lack of education: Ignorance towards the prevention of disease is mostly due to illiteracy regarding poor
sanitation, malnutrition, vaccination, etc. Lack of education on preventive measures, use of protective
gear/devices may lead to occupational disability of the workers.
7. Poverty: Normally it is found that poor people are more prone to any kind of disability because they live in
unhygienic conditions and poor sanitation and are always at high risk of diseases. Education, clean drinking
water and essential nutrients are not accessible to those people. They are deprived of the basic amenities
required for healthy life. The children born in poor families get disabled since birth. That’s because during
pregnancy, the mother does not get the required amount of nutrients and calories.
8. Infectious Disease: If a child gets any infectious disease, then his/her immunity is reduced. If there is not
proper care of the child, then there is a danger of getting many infectious diseases. Like if not providing vaccine
of polio at specific time, there is huge danger of getting infection of polio.
9. Use of Intoxicants and Drugs: Consumption of alcohol, L.S.D., brown sugar, can cause disability. People
consuming intoxicants and drugs get trapped in this bad habit and become addicted to these things which cause
physical and mental disability.
10. Disturbance in Endocrine Glands: Disturbance in endocrine glands causes disability. Due to this disturbance
the child gets weak in physical and mental state.
11. Poor Approach to Health Care: Proper care at right time could prevent many types of disability to happen.
Normally, lack of medical and health related facilities, during pregnancy and lack of proper nutrition cause
disability in children since birth. Normally the people who are economically weak and also have poor living
conditions could not have access to proper medical and health facilities. That causes new born babies prone to
physical or mental disability.
12. Nuclear Accidents: In 1979 and 1986 in America and Ukraine, many people suffered due to nuclear
accidents. In 1945 during II world war Japan was bombarded by U.S.A of nuclear bomb. In these kinds of attacks,
there is huge ill effect, due to chemical radiations evolved from these bombs. Till recent times, the children born
at such affected place are infected with Down syndrome. At such places, the children born there are prone to
such physical and mental disability.
13. Toxic Materials, Pesticides and Insecticides: Various products are having lead which has serious ill effect on
a person’s health. Toxic materials, pesticides use caused disability and new born child is infected. That’s why few
toxic materials are harmful to human brain. This damages the brain fully which can cause brain disability.

Disability Etiquettes

Disability Etiquettes means behaving properly with a person with disability like we do, to any other normal
person. Disability etiquettes also not only increases confidence of disabled person but also make that person
self-dependent, so that he leads a normal and respected life like other people.

General Disability Etiquettes

1. While talking to special abled person, talk normally rather than use of sign language. Avoid use of reference
like blind person. Avoid use of outdated words like handicap, retarted.
2. While introducing yourself to a person with disability, it is appropriate to shake hands.
3. While talking to visually impaired person, also introduce the person if any with you.
4. Leaning or hanging on a person, on wheel chair should be avoided because that could hurt or can cause
accident.
5. Always listen attentively and carefully while talking to person who has difficulty in speaking. Be calm and
have patience to hear him out. And ask short questions that require short answers.
6. While talking to a person on a wheel chair, keep yourself in front of eye level of that person to facilitate the
talk.
7. To get the attention of a person with hearing impairment, tap the person, shoulder or wave your hand.
8. While introducing yourself to a person with visual impairment, always start with your name.
9. While leaving a person with visual impairment, always make sure that he/she needs anything before you
leave.
10. Never press your body weight through your hands to keep on the shoulder of a person sitting in wheel chair
or unnecessary cuddling.

Adaptive Physical Education

Meaning of Adaptive physical Education: - Adaptive physical education is the modified programme of games and
other creative activities which are synced according to the aptitude, capacity, need and ability of disabled and
physically challenged students.
Definition of Adaptive Physical education: - A diversified programmed of developmental activities, games and
sports and rhythm suited to interests, capacities and limitations of students with disabilities.
Adaptive Physical Education provides a safe, personally satisfying, and successful experience for students of
varying abilities.
 Aim: It aims to ensure that the child is provided with physical education services that meet his/her needs, and
that aim to achieve physical, mental, emotional, and social growth.
Objectives:
• To develop students’ motor skills
• To develop self-esteem and promote sportsmanship
• To develop social qualities for adjustment in the society
• To provide an opportunity to learn and to participate in several appropriate recreational and leisure time sports
and activities.
• To develop organic and neuromuscular systems
• To develop knowledge and an appreciation of his physical and mental limitations.
• To help students to understand and appreciate a variety of sports that can enjoy as non-participants or
spectators.

ROLE OF VARIOUS PROFFESSIONALS FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

A) Counsellor B) Occupational Therapist C) Physiotherapist D) Physical education teacher E) Speech therapist

1. Counsellor:
• Counsellor is the trained person who improved our student’s abilities to function in social, emotional and
behavioural capacity and they provide sport their partner and their families which is beneficial for disabled child
from time to time.
• The role of counsellor is to help all students including those with special needs. To achieve their full potential
cope better with the disabilities and provide a save / sportive help.
2. Occupational Therapist:
• It is the treatment of physical and psychiatric condition to promote independent function in all aspects of daily
life.
• The role of therapist to address a child’s ability to perform activities of daily living like – making, eating, drinking,
dressing, toileting, bathing etc. in spite of their disabilities. They encourage the child’s potential to participate in
different activities so that the impact of disabilities is minimize day by day and they also work on hand eye
coordination to improve skill like hitting a ball and copping from a black board.
3. Physiotherapist:
• They are also known as ‘Movement specialist’ because they evaluate and improve the movement and function
of body specially for balance, posture, fatigue and pain.
• The important role of Physiotherapist is to maximize a child’ ability to move and control pain in the joint,
muscles and bones, Use several techniques including massage and manipulation, exercise, electrotherapy and
hydrotherapy for child’s with special needs.
4. Physical Education Teacher:
• Physical Education Teachers generally determine the abilities of students with special needs that may need
implementing to support their participation in sports and fitness. The children need the support and
encouragement from physical education teachers to participate regulator in physical activities.
5. Speech Therapist:
• They play an important role in the treatment for speech and language disorders. A speech disorder involves a
problem producing worlds and sounds that makes the child difficult to empress. Speech therapist might use,
play or book to arouse communication and increase chances to develop language skills.
• 6. Special Educator
Special Educator deals with children with intellectual disabilities. The children way problems in oral impression,
listening comprehension, written impression, basic react skills, reading comprehension, Mathematical
Calculation.