Test Bank for Making a Difference with Nursing Research: Young

Test Bank for Making a Difference with Nursing

Research: Young

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Langford Making a Difference with Nursing Research, 1/E
Chapter 4
Question 1
Type: MCSA

The nurse researcher is planning a quantitative research project about pain control after surgery. Which statement
exemplifies the purpose of this type of research?

1. Post-operative pain occurs in patients who did not receive pre-surgical medication for anxiety.

2. Post-operative pain is an expectation with surgical procedures.

3. Post-operative pain means the surgery was not successful.

4. Post-operative pain is a fear of having surgery.

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale 1: Quantitative research is based upon positivism. The purpose of positivist research is to explain,
predict, and control phenomena. The statement “post-operative pain occurs in patients who did not receive pre-
surgical medication for anxiety” identifies how post-operative pain is explained, predicted, and controlled. (See
page 56)

Rationale 2: Constructivism states that truth is relative to how people view the world. This is the approach used
in quantitative research where narrative information is gathered. The statement “post-operative pain is an
expectation with surgical procedures” is an example of a narrative statement about post-operative pain and does
not address how the pain is explained, predicted, or controlled. (See page 56)

Rationale 3: Constructivism states that truth is relative to how people view the world. This is the approach used
in quantitative research where narrative information is gathered. The statement “post-operative pain means the
surgery was not successful” is an example of a narrative statement about post-operative pain and does not address
how the pain is explained, predicted, or controlled. (See page 56)

Rationale 4: Constructivism states that truth is relative to how people view the world. This is the approach used
in quantitative research where narrative information is gathered. The statement “post-operative pain is a fear of
having surgery” is an example of a narrative statement about post-operative pain and does not address how the
pain is explained, predicted, or controlled. (See page 56)

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 1

Question 2
Langford, Making a Difference with Nursing Research, 1/E Test Bank
Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Type: MCSA

The nurse is reviewing abstracts of quantitative research studies that address a clinical problem. Why will the
nurse want this type of information?

1. Explains a diversity of perspectives

2. Helps to understand numerous outlooks

3. Predicts outcomes of specific care measures

4. Provides a perspective on the meaning of care decisions

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale 1: Qualitative research studies explain a diversity of perspectives. (See page 58)

Rationale 2: Qualitative research helps to understand numerous outlooks. (See page 58)

Rationale 3: Quantitative research provides information on how interventions are based on scientific evidence
that explains what is happening and predicts outcomes of specific care measures. (See page 58)

Rationale 4: Qualitative research provides a perspective on the meaning of care decisions. (See page 58)

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 1

Question 3
Type: MCSA

The nurse researcher is designing a qualitative research project to analyze individual patients' perspectives about
nerve damage after spinal surgery. Which approach will the nurse use to collect the data for this project?

1. Correlate the number of patients with nerve damage and employment changes.

2. Measure the number of patients who had nerve damage after surgery.

3. Determine the different types of nerve damage that occurred.

4. Identify how the nerve damage has impacted the patient's life.

Correct Answer: 4

Langford, Making a Difference with Nursing Research, 1/E Test Bank

Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationale 1: Correlating the number of patients with nerve damage and employment changes supports the use of
data to explain, predict, or control phenomena that is used in quantitative research. (See page 58)

Rationale 2: Measuring the number of patients who had nerve damage after surgery supports the use of data to
explain, predict, or control phenomena that is used in quantitative research. (See page 58)

Rationale 3: Determining the different types of nerve damage that occurred supports the use of data to explain,
predict, or control phenomena that is used in quantitative research. (See page 58)

Rationale 4: Identifying how the nerve damage has impacted the patient's life attempts to find out how the
patients with nerve damage make sense out of their world in order to develop an understanding from the patients'
experiences. This is used in qualitative research. (See page 58)

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 1

Question 4
Type: MCSA

During the implementation phase of a research project, the nurse asks a patient to explain how a treatment
provided for arthritis impacted lifestyle and activities. What is this question measuring?

1. Explaining phenomena

2. Understanding experiences

3. Predicting future outcomes

4. Controlling adverse effects

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale 1: Explaining phenomena is a purpose of quantitative research. The nurse is implementing a qualitative
research study because the question is asking the patient to explain the impact of treatment on lifestyle and
activities. (See page 58)

Rationale 2: Understanding experiences is a purpose of qualitative research. The nurse is asking the patient to
explain the impact of treatment on lifestyle and activities to develop an understanding of the patient's experiences.
(See page 58)

Rationale 3: Predicting future outcomes is a purpose of quantitative research. The nurse is implementing a
qualitative research study because the question is asking the patient to explain the impact of treatment on lifestyle
and activities. (See page 58)

Langford, Making a Difference with Nursing Research, 1/E Test Bank

Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationale 4: Controlling adverse effects or controlling phenomena is a purpose of quantitative research. The
nurse is implementing a qualitative research study because the question is asking the patient to explain the impact
of treatment on lifestyle and activities. (See page 58)

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 4

Question 5
Type: MCMA

The nurse researcher is designing a quantitative research project. What will the nurse include when addressing the
research process?

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. Conduct the study in natural settings.

2. Collect the data through semi-structured interviews.

3. Create instructions to guide the treatment of participants.

4. Assign participants to specific groups before the study begins.

5. Select participants who are similar to a larger group of people.

Correct Answer: 3,4,5

Rationale 1: Conducting the study in natural settings is a part of the research process for a qualitative study. (See
page 63)

Rationale 2: Collecting the data through semi-structured interviews is a part of the research process for a
qualitative study. (See page 63)

Rationale 3: Creating instructions to guide the treatment of participants is a part of the research process for a
quantitative study. (See page 63)

Rationale 4: Assigning participants to specific groups before the study begins is a part of the research process for
a quantitative study. (See page 63)

Rationale 5: Selecting participants who are similar to a larger group of people is a part of the research process for
a quantitative study. (See page 63)

Global Rationale:

Langford, Making a Difference with Nursing Research, 1/E Test Bank

Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 2

Question 6
Type: MCSA

The nurse is determining if a research study can be conducted to analyze the impact of a clinical treatment on the
patient's health status. Which statement would the nurse use if designing a quantitative study?

1. Impact of the treatment on the patient's quality of life

2. Number of days when the patient is able to work a full 8 hours

3. Feeling that the treatment will improve interpersonal relationships

4. Expecting that the treatment will improve energy levels and stamina

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale 1: The statement “impact of the treatment on the patient's quality of life” is explorative and would be
used for a qualitative study. (See page 64)

Rationale 2: The statement “number of days when the patient is able to work a full 8 hours” is a hypothesis that
measures an expected outcome of the research. This would be used for a quantitative study. (See page 64)

Rationale 3: The statement “feeling that the treatment will improve interpersonal relationships” is explorative and
would be used for a qualitative study. (See page 64)

Rationale 4: The statement “expecting that the treatment will improve energy levels and stamina” is explorative
and would be used for a qualitative study. (See page 64)

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 2

Question 7
Type: MCMA

The nurse researcher is implementing a qualitative study. Which roles can the nurse play in the implementation
process?

Langford, Making a Difference with Nursing Research, 1/E Test Bank

Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. Participate with study subjects.

2. Record data from study subjects.

3. Collect data from study subjects.

4. Observe behavior of study subjects.

5. Provide instruments to study subjects.

Correct Answer: 1,2,3,4

Rationale 1: In a qualitative study, the researcher will participate with study subjects. (See page 65)

Rationale 2: In a qualitative study, the researcher will record data from study subjects. (See page 65)

Rationale 3: In a qualitative study, the researcher will collect data from study subjects. (See page 65)

Rationale 4: In a qualitative study, the researcher will observe the behavior of study subjects. (See page 65)

Rationale 5: In a quantitative study, the researcher will provide instruments to study subjects. (See page 65)

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 2

Question 8
Type: MCSA

The nurse researcher is reviewing information to ensure that the participants are not harmed during the study.
Which report will provide the nurse with the most current regulations when engaging in research with human
subjects?

1. Nuremburg Code

2. The Belmont Report

3. National Research Act

4. 45 CFR Part 46 Protection of Human Subjects

Correct Answer: 4

Langford, Making a Difference with Nursing Research, 1/E Test Bank

Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationale 1: The Nuremburg Code was developed in 1949 and identified standards regarding the conduct of
research after World War II. This document does not contain the most current regulations. (See pages 68–69)

Rationale 2: The Belmont Report was published in 1979 and helped to define the boundaries between therapy
and research. It also delineated three key ethical principles for consideration in the conduct of research using
human subjects. This document does not contain the most current regulations. (See pages 68–69)

Rationale 3: The National Research Act was passed in 1974 and appointed a special commission to protect
human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research. (See pages 68–69)

Rationale 4: Title 45 Code of Federal Regulations Part 46 Protection of Human Subjects provides a framework
that must be used when engaging in research with human subjects. This document includes the principles from
The Belmont Report and provides a mechanism for reviewing studies using human subjects. This is the document
that contains the most current regulations. (See pages 68–69)

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 3

Question 9
Type: MCSA

The nurse researcher is preparing information to share with participants about the study. How will the nurse
ensure that participants are respected?

1. Inform the participants about the research and confirm that he or she freely agrees to be a part of it.

2. Promote the welfare of the participants by maximizing the potential for benefits.

3. Promote the welfare of the participants by minimizing the possibility for harm.

4. Ensure there is a fair distribution of benefits and burdens over all participants.

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale 1: Respect for persons is achieved when the nurse researcher informs the participants about the
research and confirms that he or she freely agrees to be a part of it. (See page 69)

Rationale 2: Promoting the welfare of the participants by maximizing the potential for benefits is a part of the
ethical consideration of beneficence. (See page 69)

Rationale 3: Promoting the welfare of the participants by minimizing the possibility for harm is a part of the
ethical consideration of beneficence. (See page 69)

Langford, Making a Difference with Nursing Research, 1/E Test Bank

Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationale 4: Ensuring there is a fair distribution of benefits and burdens over all participants is a part of the
ethical consideration of justice. (See page 69)

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 4

Question 10
Type: MCSA

The benefits and risks to the research participants are being reviewed by the nurse researcher. What ethical
principle does this analysis supports?

1. Respect for persons

2. Beneficence

3. Autonomy

4. Justice

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale 1: The ethical principle of respect for persons recognizes that individuals are autonomous human
beings and have the capacity to make their own decisions. (See page 69)

Rationale 2: The ethical principle of beneficence ensures that studies are designed to maximize the benefits and
reduce the risk for harm. (See page 69)

Rationale 3: The term autonomy can be used in place of respect for persons, which recognizes that individuals are
autonomous human beings and have the capacity to make their own decisions. (See page 69)

Rationale 4: The ethical principle of justice reflects the division of the benefits derived from research that are
balanced against the burdens that the research may cause. (See page 69)

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 4

Question 11

Langford, Making a Difference with Nursing Research, 1/E Test Bank

Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Type: MCSA

The nurse researcher is taking the time to ensure that there is a fair distribution of benefits and burdens among all
sample participants in a research study. This nurse's action is ensuring that which ethical principle is being
addressed?

1. Respect for persons

2. Beneficence

3. Justice

4. Risk

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale 1: The ethical principle of respect for persons recognizes that individuals are autonomous human
beings and have the capacity to make their own decisions. This principle does not address fair distribution of
benefits and burdens. (See page 69)

Rationale 2: The ethical principle of beneficence ensures that studies are designed to maximize the benefits and
reduce the risk for harm. This principle does not address fair distribution of benefits and burdens. (See page 69)

Rationale 3: The ethical principle of justice reflects the division of the benefits derived from research that are
balanced against the burdens that the research might cause. (See page 69)

Rationale 4: Risk is not an ethical principle but an element of the ethical principle of beneficence, which ensures
that studies are designed to maximize the benefits and reduce the risk for harm. (See page 69)

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 4

Question 12
Type: MCSA

The Institutional Review Board is reviewing a research proposal prior to implementation. What will this review
board ensure?

1. The subjects provide permission to participate in the study.

2. The federal guidelines for human subject protection are met.

3. Personal participant information is kept private until permission for release is provided.

Langford, Making a Difference with Nursing Research, 1/E Test Bank

Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
4. There are no identifying features of information that would link a participant to the study.

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale 1: Informed consent is permission provided by the subjects to participate in the study. The Institutional
Review Board does not ensure informed consent. (See page 70)

Rationale 2: The Institutional Review Board evaluates research proposals to ensure that federal guidelines for
human subject protection are met. (See page 70)

Rationale 3: Confidentiality is the term used to ensure personal participant information is kept private until
permission for release is provided. The Institutional Review Board does not ensure confidentiality. (See page 70)

Rationale 4: Anonymity refers to information that has no identifying features that would potentially link a
participant to the research study. The Institutional Review Board does not ensure anonymity. (See page 70)

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 4

Question 13
Type: MCSA

The nurse researcher is ensuring that all participant information in a research study is kept anonymous. What
action will the nurse take to ensure this occurs?

1. Report pooled data.

2. Assign code numbers.

3. Eliminate all identifying features.

4. Use password-protected computers to store data.

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale 1: Reporting pooled data is one way to maintain confidentiality. (See page 72)

Rationale 2: Assigning code numbers is one way to maintain confidentiality. (See page 72)

Rationale 3: Eliminating all identifying features is one way to maintain anonymity. (See page 72)

Rationale 4: Using password-protected computers to store data is one way to maintain confidentiality. (See page
72)

Langford, Making a Difference with Nursing Research, 1/E Test Bank

Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Test Bank for Making a Difference with Nursing Research: Young

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 4

Question 14
Type: MCSA

The nurse researcher is aware of a colleague in a different profession committing scientific misconduct by
falsifying data. What action did this colleague make?

1. Made up data

2. Changed data outcomes

3. Committed an honest error

4. Copying someone else's words

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale 1: Making up data is fabrication and is a characteristic of scientific misconduct but is not what occurred
in this situation. (See page 72)

Rationale 2: Changing data outcomes is falsifying data, which is what the colleague did in this situation. (See
page 72)

Rationale 3: Committing an honest error is not a consideration in scientific misconduct. (See page 72)

Rationale 4: Copying someone else's words is plagiarism and is a characteristic of scientific misconduct but is not
what occurred in this situation. (See page 72)

Global Rationale:

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need:
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts:
Learning Outcome: 4

Langford, Making a Difference with Nursing Research, 1/E Test Bank

Copyright 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

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