Chapter 1: Introduction to Veterinary Helminthology
How many periods are (5) EMPiPlmPpt
there in the history? What
are those and their time?
When and what is Ebers
papyrus
When and what is Mosaic
code
What does Mosaic Code
restrict and why?
What are present on the
mosaic code within the
bible?
What is the SN and CN of
the fiery serpents?
Who are the pioneers in the
EC
1. Early Civilization
2. Medieval Period 700-1600 A.D
3. Period of helminthic
identification and classification
1601-1850 A.D.
4. Period of helminthic life cycles,
medical protozoology and
Arthropod Vectors 1851-1920
A.D.
5. Period of preventive and
therapeutic parasitology 1921-
1961
Clue: 16+250+70+40
E 1551
 Contains earliest records of
presence of parasites in man
 Described 4 important worms
(TADS)
o Taenia saginata TW of beef
o Ascaris lumbricoides
o Dracunculus medinensis
(GW)
o Schistosoma haematobium
 Information regarding
ectoparasites: FFL
o Fleas
o Flies
o Lice
E 1460
 It concerns the animal flesh 
Israelites knowledge to the
relationship of helminths to
human ailments
 Clean and unclean animal
Flesh of hog, camels and hares
 Basing on the presence of
bladder worm Cesticerci and
upon hog’s skin
 Guinea worm- plague of the
“fiery serpents” causing plague in
the Israel 1600
 Fleas, flies and lice are also
present
 Guinea worm
 Dracunculus medinensis
4 AHG-P
1. Aristotle
2. Hippocrates

Aristotle in EC described
and noted?
Bladder worms SN and
location when noted?
Hippocrates in the EC
described what? Clue DR
Hydatid cyst is referred to
as _ in _
From Pic: who recognized
the cestode nature of
Hydatid cysts
SN of pinworms
Galen in EC recognized and
observed?
Who observed the urinary
myiasis in EC
What is Helminthology in
Medieval Period
Why helminths and
arthropod increased in MP
What are the only
important advances in
Helminth. In MP
SN of Urinary
schistosomiasis
SN of Filariid Elephantiasis
Who are the pioneers of
MP and write the years
What did Avicenna
describe?
3. Galen
4. Plutarch
He described 3 (TAP) and noted 1 (BW)
TAP described
 Tapeworm
 Ascarids
 Pinworms
BW noted
 Bladder worm of hogs
Cysticercus tenuicollis
(g. Taenia) found on the tongue of hog
It causes Cysticercosis
Diagnosis and Removal of Hydatid cyst
Pinworms in horses (liver)
Are horses IH?
Goeze recognized the
cestode(tapeworm) nature of hydatid
cysts
Oxyuris equi -vet
Enterobius vermicularis -man
Galen described Hc and Cc and observed
PW of horses
Plutarch
 Little advances in parasitology
 Great increase in prevalence or
no. of helminths and arthropod
parasites
o unsanitary conditions
o ineffective treatment
 due to unsanitary conditions
 ineffective treatment
Only 2 described by Arabic ad Persians
Physicians
 urinary schistosomiasis
 filariid elephantiasis
Schistosoma haemotobium
f. Filariodidea :
Filarial roundworm-thread like
AJG
1. Avicenna (1037)
2. Jean de Brie (1379)
3. Gessner (1558)
Avicenna described morpho and
sympthomato of BAP-G
 Beef tapeworm (trema) (Taenia
saginata)
 Ascarids
 Pinworms
 Guinea worm
Who and where discovery Liver fluke
of liver fluke  By Jean de Brie (1st ever who
discovered)
 In the bile ducts of sheep
 Associated liver rot
What is associated to the Liver rot
liver fluke
SN of liver fluke Fasciola hepatica
Gessner recognized human Cysticercus cellulosae
infection caused by?
Diff between C. cellulosae Cellulosae-man
and C. tenuicollis Tenuicollis-horse
What period was Plater and Pi 1603
his work  Diphyllobothrium latum
ATR: IH12, PH and DH of 1st IH Crustacean: coracidia procercoid
Diphyllobothrium latum 2nd IH small fish: plerocercoid
(give the stage) Paratenic H predator fish: Plerocercoid
invades the tissue
DH: any fish-eating mammal will then
release unembryonated egg from feces
which will embryonate in the water
What period was Wepfer Pi 1675
and his work  Cysticercus bovis
What period was AVL Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek
Pi 1676
 Recognized free living protozoa

What period was Redi and Pi 1684

his work  Described the animal nature of
Hc and Cc
Who removed Loa loa from Mongin 1770
human eye
CN of Loa loa Translated to “worm worm” but is known
as eye worm
ATR: Eyeworm is located Conjunctiva or subconjunctiva of the eye
commonly at the (specific)
Period and work of Pallas; Pic 1781
clue Mh  Discovered
Macracanthorhynchus
hirudinaceus
Acanthocephalan parasite thorny-headed worms which includes
means? Macracanthorynchus hirudinaceus
M. hirudinaceus is the Macracanthorynchus hirudinaceus is the
parasite of the small intestine of the pig
Period and work of Goeze Pic 1782
 Differentiated Taenia saginata
and Taenia solium
 Recognized the cestode nature of
hydatid cyst
 Discovered kidney worm
 First accurate description of
Trichuris trichiura
Taenia saginata vs Taenia
solium 3 main differences
_ of Taenia hatch to
penetrate the IW and
travel to the musculature
Upon reaching the muscle _
of Taenia hatch into _
What kind of worm is
Taenia?
SN of Kidney worm, what
kind of worm?
Is kidney worm Dr the
smallest parasitic nematode
worm known to infect
man?
SN of human whipworm?
What kind of worm
On the 18th and first half of
19th _
Period and work of Owen
Period and work of Dubini
Period and work of Busk
Period and work of
Linnaeus
Period and work of Zeder
Rudolphi clue: CNT-C
Lammark work
In Plma the past discoveries
are
Who discovered
 T saginata gravid proglottids in
feces have many uterine branch
compare to T. solium
 T saginata (cattle) and T solium
(pig)
 T solium have rostrum and hooks
– T saginata have none
Oncosphere
Oncosphere : Cysticerci
T as in Taenia and T as in Tapeworm
cestodes
Dioctophyma renale is a nematode
(particularly in swine)
FALSE -it’s the largest!
Trichuris trichiura is a parasitic nematode
Many spp. of worms and arthropods
were IDed and systems of classification
were formulated
Pi 1835
 Described the larva Trichenella
spiralis
Pi 1838
 Discovered hookworm
Ancylostoma doudenale
Pi 1843
 Discovered Fasciolopsis buski
Pi 1771
 Accurate description of
helminthic parasites
 Classification of principal group
Pi 1800
 Taxonomy of CNT +
acanthocephalic worm
Pi 1808
 Gave the SN of phyla Nematodae
and Trematoda
Pi 1818
 Placed leeches under phylum
Hirudinea
Consolidated to new discoveries including
 Life cycle
 Protozoan parasite
 Arthropod vectors were
established
Bilharz on 1851
Schistosoma haematobium
Work of Demarquay
Work of Bancroft
Work of Kerbert
Work of Manson
Work of Leukart
Work of Melnikav
Smith and Kilborne
demonstrated that
Smith and kilborne said that
ticks carry Texas fever,
what is this EA
Who traced the
development of avian
malarial parasite
Work of Reed
ATR: Schistosomiasis
another name
ATR: T/F is S. haematobium
a liver fluke?
ATR: Paragonimus
westermanii CN
ATR: W. bancrofti is the EA
of
ATR: EA of river blindness
ATR: Dipylidium caninum
vectors
Study of the life cycle of
parasites paved way to (2)
EiIpmPtc
In the installation of
preventive measures what
are involved?
In the campaign what
foundations financed and
developed
WHO reduced the
prevalence of
MAH
Who discovered Necator
Discovered Wbm/ Wuchereria bancrofti
microfilarae
Discovered Wba/ Wuchereria bancrofti
adult
Discovered Paragonimus westermanii
 Showed that Culex pipiens
fatigans is vector of Wb
 Diphyllobothrium erinacei
Onchocerca volvulus
Larval stage of Dipylidium caninum within
the dog louse
Ticks are the transmitting agent of Texas
fever
Babesia bigemina- protozoa causing
Texas fever
Ross- ATR: AMP: haemoproteus and
plasmodium
Proved that yellow fever EA is
transmitted by Aedes aegypti
Bilharziasis
No! it’s a BLOOD FLUKE
Lung fluke causing paragonimiasis
Lymphatic filariasis
Onchocerca volvulus -FilN
Lice (chewing) and fleas “flea tapeworm”
1. Epidemiological investigation
2. Installation of preventive
measures
3. Preventive and therapeutic
campaign of international scope
DESTRUCTION OF
1. Insect vectors
2. Reservoir
3. Host
4. Mollusk IH
 Finance -Rockefeller Foundation
 Developed -WHO
Parasitic diseases including
 Malaria
 ASS (Trypanosoma brucei)
 Hookworm (Ancylostoma
duodenale/ Necator americanus)
Stiles 1902
americanus
What did Steenstrup on Ppt
did? -clue: recognized
T/F Cysticerci are NOT the
larval stage of tapeworms
Who said that cysticerci is
the larval stage of
cestodes/TW?
Who established the life
history of Echinococcus
granulosis in cattle and dog
Steenstrup recognized that cercariae as
larval flukes and disclosed the alteration
of the host
FALSE: Cysticerci are the larval stage of
tapeworms
Kuchenmeister
Von Siebold! Ff: Echinococcus granulosis
is called the hydatid cyst-cylophyllid