ETHERNET

Ethernet is a way of connecting computers together in a local area network or LAN. It

has been the most widely used method of linking computers together in LANs since the 1990s.
The basic idea of its design is that multiple computers have access to it and can send data at any
time. This is comparatively easy to engineer.
If two computers send data at the same time, a collision will occur. When this happens, the data
sent is not usable. In general, both computers will stop sending, and wait a random amount of
time, before they try again. A special protocol was developed to deal with such problems. It is
called Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection or CSMA/CD.
DIFFERENT CABLE TYPES
There are different Ethernet standards. Today, Ethernet cables look like thick telephone
cables. They connect to boxes called hubs or switches. Each cable runs from
a computer's network interface card (NIC) to such a box. This cable is called 10BaseT or
100BaseT, or 1000BaseT Cable.
All cable types:

 10Base2 and 10Base5: These coaxial cables are like those used in television, but thinner. They
are also called "thinned" or "coax". Each computer has a "T" plugged into it, and cables plug into
each side of the "T". Sometimes, instead of a "T", a vampire tap is used. It supports 10MBits per
second transfer speed. It was the first to be adopted, and became rare during the 21st century.
 10BaseT: Cables look like thick phone cables, but with 8 copper wires instead of 2 or 4, and they
go from each computer' to a Hub or a Switch. Supported speed is 10 MBit/second.
 10BaseF: Same as 10BaseT, but cables transmit light pulses, instead of electrical signals.
 100BaseT: Cables look the same as 10BaseT, but can run at up to 100 MBits per second
 1000BaseT: Cables look the same as 10BaseT, but can run at up to 1GBit (1000MBit) per
second.

Today, the cables for 10BaseT, 100BaseT, and 1000BaseT are the same. Their transmission
medium is unshielded twisted pair for Category 5 (UTP-Cat5) or 5e. Shielded cable (STP-Cat5
or Cat5e) can be used when there is a lot of electrical noise, and Category 6 (UTP-Cat6 or STP-
Cat6) works better with faster signals such as 1GBit or 10GBit.

Info
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Thanks
Head IT and Instructor@BRYA: Eng. Mahad Adan