Section XV

n This Section covers base metals and

articles of base metal.
n It covers chapters 72–83 excluding Chapter
77.
n Chapter 77 is reserved for future use.

1
 Definition

Note 3 to Section XV defines base metals

as:
Iron and steel, copper, nickel, aluminium, lead,
zinc, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt,
bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium,
antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium,
germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium,
indium, niobium, rhenium, and thallium.
2
 Section XV

n Chapter 72: Iron and steel

n Chapter 73: Articles of iron and steel
n Chapter 74: Copper and articles thereof
n Chapter 75: Nickel and articles thereof
n Chapter 76: Aluminium and articles thereof
n Chapter 77: (Reserved for future use)
n Chapter 78: Lead and articles thereof
3
 Section XV

n Chapter 79: Zinc and articles thereof

n Chapter 80: Tin and articles thereof
n Chapter 81: Other base metals; cemets;
and articles thereof
n Chapter 82: Tools, implements, cutlery,
spoons and forks, of base
metals; parts thereof of base
metal
n Chapter 83: Miscellaneous articles of base metal
4
Notes
n Note 2 to the section XV defines “Parts
of general use” as:
n (a) Articles of headings;
n 73.07
n 73.12
n 73.15 5

n 73.17
n 73.18
n And similar articles of other base metal
Note 2 …
n (b) Springs and leaves for spring other
than clock and watch springs (heading
91.14).
n (c) Articles of headings, 83.01, 83.02,
83.08, 83.10 and frames and mirrors of
83.06.

6
Parts of general use
n Parts of general use:
n Parts used in different industries/sector.
n Parts, which are not specific in one
machine/sector

7
General observation.
n Parts of general use mostly are of base
metal.
n parts of general use in most cases are
classified in section XV.
n Parts of general use are classified
according to material content and not
by function or use.

8
 Characteristics of Parts of General
use

Classified according to Material composition

e.g Coupling
Heading 73.07,74.12,75.07,76.09

9
Parts of General use.
n Subject to Note 1 to chapter 83 the articles of chapter
82 and 83 are excluded from chapters 72 – 76 & 78 –
81.
Example
Padlock is a part of general use. But its spring is
again a part of general use. The spring cannot be
classified with it’s parent article because it is excluded by
note 1 to chapter 83.
For that case it is going to be classified according to its
material of manufacture, e.g. if of iron or steel
Heading 73.20
Subheading 7320.90.00
10
Exclusion Notes for Parts of
General Use

Parts of general use are excluded by:

Note 1 to chapter 83
Note 1(g) to section XVI
Note 2(b) to section XVII
Note 1(f) to chapter 90
Note 1(c) to chapter 91
Note 1(a) to chapter 92
11
Examples
n Classify;
1. A threaded elbows of stainless steel
as part of Book binding machinery of
heading 84.40.

12
 Examples
Under subheading 8440.90.00? – wrong
because is part of general use.(would it have
been other parts would have been OK but not
for parts of general use)
Note 1(g) to section XVI excludes parts of
general use as defined by note 2 to section XV
The correct heading is 73.07
subheading 7307.22.00
13
Examples
n 2. Lorry leaf springs of iron as part of
motor vehicles of Headings (87.01 –
87.05).

14
Examples
Heading 87.08? – wrong.
Note 2(b) to section XVII excludes parts
of general use.
Correct heading 73.20
Subheading 7320.10.00

15
 Note 2 to Sect XV: Parts of
General use.
n Parts in chapters 73 – 76 and 78 – 82 except heading
73.15 references to parts of goods do not include parts of
general use as defined above.
Eg. Heading 73.21: Stove, cooker, ranges, grates,
barbecue.
Suppose there is a chain of copper for a cooker where is it
going to be classified?
n it will remain to its parent article and not according
to the material of manufacture.
n Subheading 7321.90.00 and not 7419.10.00

16
Cermets

Note 4 of Section XV
Are composites in which ceramic
materials and metals join together,
typically to give something with the high
temperature performance or wear
resistance of a ceramic and the
toughness, flexibility, or electrical
conductivity of a metal.
17
cermets:

18
ALLOYS
n Note 5 to section XV governs the classification of
alloys which states;
a) An alloy of base metal is to be classified as an
alloy of the metal that predominates by weight
over each of the other metals.
Example:
Classify an alloy composed of ;
Copper 50 %
Zinc 20 %
Iron 30 %
19
Alloys

b) An alloy composed of base metals of this section

and of elements not falling within this section is
to be treated as an alloy of base metals of this
section if the total weight of such metals equals
or exceeds the total weight of the other
elements present.

20
Example
Classify
An Alloy in powder form containing;
15% by weight of Copper
25% by weight of Lead
15% by weight of Zinc
45% by weight of granite

21
Answer
An alloy will be classified as an alloy of
Lead , Since Copper, Lead and Zinc are
alloys of Section XV to which is to be
taken as the aggregate of weights of
each metal together make 55%.
Compare with 45% weight of granite and
conclude that alloy of S.XV predominates
by Weight. By application of note 5 (b) to
section XV 22
Alloy
c) In this section the term “alloy”
includes sintered mixtures of metal
powder, heterogeneous intimate
mixtures obtained by melting (other
than cermets) and intermetallic
compounds

23
Classification of alloys
Exceptions:
An Alloy in powder form containing;
60% by weight of Copper
25% by weight of Lead
13% by weight of Zinc
2% by weight of Platinum

24
SECTION XIV
n This section has only one chapter (71)
n It covers: Natural and cultured
pearls, precious or semi precious
stones, precious metals, metals
clad with precious metal, and
article thereof; imitation jewellery;
coin.

25
Chapter 71
The chapter is divided into three sub-
chapters:
I. Natural or cultured pearls and precious
or semi precious stones (71.01-71.05)
II. Precious metals and metals clad with
precious metal (71.06-71.12)
III. Jewellery, Goldsmith and Silversmiths’
wares and other articles (71.13-71.18)
26
NOTES
n Note 4 to chapter 71 describes :
(A) Precious metal means Silver, Gold and
platinum.
(B) Platinum means platinum, iridium,
osmium, palladium, rhodium and
ruthenium.

27
NOTES …
n Note 5 to chapter 71:
n Governs the rules of classifying alloys of
Precious metals.
n Any alloy containing precious metal is
treated as an alloy of precious metal if any
one precious metal constitutes as much as
2% by weight of the alloy.

28
NOTES …
n Alloys of precious metal are to be
classified according to the following
rules:
a) An alloy containing 2% or more by
weight of platinum will be an alloy of
platinum.
b) If containing 2% or more by weight of
gold but no platinum or less than 2%
platinum will be an alloy of Gold.
29
NOTES …
c) Other alloys containing 2% or more by
weight of silver are to be treated as alloys of
silver.

30
 Note 7
n Throughout the Nomenclature the expression “
Metal clad with precious metal “ means
material made with a base metal upon one or
more surfaces of which there is affixed by
soldering, brazing, welding, hot-rolling or similar
mechanical means a covering of precious metal.
Except where the context otherwise requires, the
expression also covers base metal inlaid with
precious metal.

31
Note 9(a)
n Article of Jewellery means;
a) Any small object of personal adornments
made of gold and silver –heading 71.13
n Examples: rings, bracelets, necklaces,
brooches, ear-rings, fobs, pendants, watch-
chain, tie-pins, cuff-links, dress-studs, religious
or other medals and insignia.

32
Note 9(b)
b) Articles of personal use of a kind normally carried in
the pocket, in the handbag or on the person
Example: cigar or cigarette cases , snuff
boxes, cachou or pill boxes, powder boxes, chain
purses or prayer beads).

33
Note 10
n For the purposes of heading 71.14, the expression
“articles of goldsmiths’ or silversmiths’ wares “
includes
such articles as ornaments, tableware, toilet-
ware, smokers’ requisites and other articles of
household, office or religious use.

34
Note 11
n Imitation Jewellery;
n All the Articles of Jewellery within the
meaning of Paragraph (a) of note 9, not
incorporating natural or cultured pearls,
precious or semi-precious stones nor
precious metal or metal clad with precious
metal are to be classified in heading
71.17

35
COINS
n Coins (other than gold coin) are also
classified in this Chapter in heading
71.18

36
Classification of alloys
An Alloy in powder form containing;
80% by weight of Copper
7% by weight of Lead
3% by weight of Zinc
8% by weight of gold
2 % by weight iridium
0.8% by weight osmium
37
Classification of alloys
n Alloy in intermetallic compounds
containing
n 95% by weight of copper
n 1.5% by weight of platinum
n 2% by weight of gold
n 0.5% by weight of palladium
n 1% by weight of rhodium
38
THE END

39