Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction – Senior High School

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 1 – Module 1: Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Exposure and Vulnerability
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Geological, Hydrometeorological, and Fire Hazards
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Key Concept and Principle of Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the DepartmentDevelopment

of Education Team of the Module:
Secretary: Leonor M. Briones
Undersecretary:
Authors: Letecia D. Lagahit, Danilo Q. Astonomo,
Assistant Secretary:
Mae Lourdes A. Enad, Archie L. Dulce,
Rene M. Monto, Delia S. Nobleza,
Development Team
Sherlyn A. of the Module
Dutosme,
Jodrel Shem P. Balcita,
Authors: Letecia D. Lagahit, Danilo Q. Astonomo, Mae Lourdes A. Enad, Archie L.
Ferdinan A. Cabeguin, Loreto S. Camus Jr.,
Dulce, Rene M. Monto, Delia S. Nobleza, Sherlyn A. Dutosme, Jodrel Shem P. Balcita,
Ken B. Azcuna
Ferdinan A. Cabeguin, Loreto S. Camus Jr., Ken B. Azcuna
Evaluators: Mae Lourdes A. Enad

Evaluators: Mae Lourdes A. Enad, Delia S. Nobleza,
Delia S. Nobleza Ken B. Azcuna
Ken B. Azcuna
Illustrator:
Illustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan

LayoutManagement
Artist: Team:
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Management Team: Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst. Regional
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. DeDirector
Gracia Jr., CESO V
Mala Asst.
Epra Regional
B. Magnaong
Director
CES, CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr.
Mala Epra B. Magnaong
Printed in Regional
the PhilippinesCES, ADM Coordinator
by _______________________________.
CLMD

Members: of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department
Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr.
Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Regional Office 10
Office Address: EPS-ADM
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 CONTENTS

Cover Page

Modules:
Module 1: Disaster and Disaster Risk
Lesson 1 - Disaster and Disaster Risk
Lesson 2 - Effects of Disaster

Module 2: Exposure and Vulnerability

Lesson 1 - Elements Exposed to Hazard
Lesson 2 - Concept of Vulnerability and Hazard

Module 3: Geological, Hydro-Meteorological and Fire Hazards

Lesson 1 - Earthquake Hazards
Lesson 2 - Volcanic Hazards
Lesson 3 - Rain-Induced Landslides and Sinkholes
Lesson 4 - Potential Hydro-Meteorological Hazards and Its Signs
Lesson 5 - Fire Hazards

Module 4: Basic DRRM Concepts, Guidelines and Community-based Disaster

Risk Reduction Management for Preparedness

Lesson 1 - Concept of Disaster Risk Reduction and Its

Management
Lesson 2 - Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction
Management for Preparedness
Lesson 3 - Ra 1012 and Its Implementing Rules and Regulation
 Senior High School

Disaster Readiness and

Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Basic Concept of Disaster and
Disaster Risk

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

 What I Need to Know

This module is all about the basic concept of disaster, disaster risk and its effects in
one’s life.

Two lessons are included in this module:

Lesson 1 ............ Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk

Lesson 2 ............ Effects of Disaster in One’s Life

What you are expected to learn...

Within this module, learners are expected to:

1. Explain what a disaster is;

2. Identify the risk factors underlying disasters; and
3. Describe the effects of disaster in one’s life.

How to learn from this module...

In order to meet the objectives of this module, do the following:
1. Read and follow the instructions carefully.
2. Read each lesson and do the activities that are provided for you.
3. Answer the pre-test to determine how much you already know about the lessons in this
module.
4. Answer the posttest at the end of the lesson to determine how much you have learned.
5. Check your answers using the answer key at the end of this module.
6. It is advised that you have your own portfolio to write your reflection on the lessons you
learned, your own experience if you met a disaster in your life, your reaction on the topic
and what to do when faced with such disaster.

What I Know

Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a sudden event that causes the loss of lives.

a) Hazard c.) Disaster
b) Exposure d.) Vulnerability
2. What law provides for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management?
a) RA 10121 c) RA 1121
b) RA 10211 d) RA 121
3. Philippines is prone to calamities because it is ______.
a.) A poor country. c) An archipelago.
b.) A tourist spots. d) An Atlantic Ocean.

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4. An event becomes a disaster when there are ______.
a) no casualties c.) hazards
b) many casualties d.) none of the above
5. A danger or risk that may cause loss of life and livelihood is called ______.
a) Hazard c) Disaster
b) Exposure d) Vulnerability
6. Which of the following shows disaster?
a) A typhoon leaving no damage
b) A landslide in a non-populous area leaving no casualty
c) A storm surge with many fatalities
d) A vehicular accident causing the death of the driver
7. What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?
a. A horseshoe shape area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where volcanoes are
aligned.
b. A U-shape area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where volcanoes are located.
c. A circle shape area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where volcanoes are aligned.
d. A circle shape area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where volcanoes are aligned.
8. Which of the following are risk factors underlying disaster EXCEPT?
a) age c) persons with disability
b) severity of exposure d) educational attainment
9. These following are the effects of disaster EXCEPT:
a) population displacement c) continuity of livelihood
b) food scarcity d) emotional aftershock
10. How can we increase capacity?
a) by sharing knowledge and be prepared on risk reduction
b) do not mind the warning of the disaster risk management
c) not to get involved with the prevention conducted by the community
d) do not evacuate even an alert of evacuation is given by the officials

11. It is a systematic approach of identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster.
a) Disaster Risk c) Disaster Preparedness
b) Disaster Risk Reduction d) Disaster
12. A condition of persistent mental and emotional stress occurring as a result of extreme
trauma during a disaster.
a) Pre-traumatic Stress Disorder c.) Post – traumatic Disorder
b) Psychotic Disorder d.) None of the above
13. People leave their homes as a result of disaster.
a) Immigration c.) Population Displacement
b) Disaster d.) None of the above
14. How can we reduce the risk brought about by disaster?
a) Decreasing the capacity, hazard, exposure and vulnerability
b) Increasing the capacity while decreasing the hazard, exposure and
vulnerability
c) Increasing the capacity, hazard, exposure and vulnerability.
d) Decreasing the capacity while increasing hazard, exposure and vulnerability.
15. It is the result from a combination of hazards
a) Disaster c.) Disaster risk
b) Capacity d.) Vulnerability

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 Lesson DRRR: Concept of Disaster and
1 Disaster Risk
Every year Philippines faces the different kind of disaster and millions of people are
affected either cause by human or man – made or natural disaster. Disaster is not an easy
issue because everyone will be going to cope from the time, they experience the different
kind of disaster. People might experience losing their love ones, home, property and even
health will be affected.

Important terms you need to understand in this module

TERM MEANING
CAPACITY It is the combination of all the strengths, attributes and
resources available within a community, society or
organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals (RA
10121).
DISASTER A serious destruction of both human or natural function such as
destroying everyone’s lives, infrastructure and the environment as
well.
DISASTER It is a plans or preparations to made to save lives and to
PREPAREDNESS help response – and – rescue operations (Disaster Risk
Reduction Resource Manual- Dep.Ed CDO).

DISASTER RISK The combination of the different hazards.

DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION It is a process to reduce of being susceptible to a certain hazard.

EXPOSURE The state of being laid open to a certain injuries, harm or danger
cause by being exposed to a different hazard.
HAZARD A possible chance that create dangerous phenomenon that can
cause damages in both in the community and lives of individual.

VULNERABILITY Something that individual are prone to danger.

What’s New

Have you heard of the” Big One?” We heard of it in the news which experts say that
massive earthquake will topple down buildings and may happen in our lifetime. It could strike
the Philippines once the West Valley Fault moves. This valley traverses’ parts of Metro Manila
and surrounding provinces. Furthermore, our country is an archipelago visited by an average

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of 20 typhoons in a year, some of which are destructive typhoons like Sendong that struck
Cagayan de Oro City last December 17, 2011 and claimed thousands of lives. Our country
lies in the basin of an ocean as a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, a horseshoe shaped area
in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where volcanoes are aligned, the reason why we experienced
earthquakes that some resulted in tsunamis and some volcanic eruptions.

Recently, last December 23, 2018, a tsunami hit Indonesia without warning. People
were making merry not knowing it would be the end of their lives.

We need to be prepared and take the challenges since disaster can happen anytime
to our community. This module is very important so we can take precautionary measures to
prepare and reduce the effects of disaster. A new law Republic Act Number 10121 known
as “An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System”
provides for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. One of its purposes is to reduce the
risk brought about by any calamities or hazards that may put one’s life in danger and loss of
properties.

Guide Questions:

1. Base on the information given above how will you describe DISASTER?
2. What do you think will happen if we are not prepare?

What is It

Disaster is far different from a hazard. In hazard you are at risk of a danger but only
when it leaves great damages to lives and livelihoods would it become a disaster.

Disasters often follow natural hazards; its severity depends on how much impact a
hazard has caused on our society and the environment.
Understanding Disaster Risk

The Nature of Risk can be defined in this equation:

Risk = Exposure to Hazard x Vulnerability

Capacity

Being vulnerable means, you are prone to disaster, and the extent of exposure to
hazards affects greatly the condition of an individual and the more at risk of a disaster.
However, disaster risk can be greatly reduced if we increase one’s capacity, reduce the
exposure to hazard and vulnerability.

Capacity is the resources available may it be physical or material, and how a

community is organized to cope with a threat. It is important to have awareness and
preparedness to reduce and cope with the potential devastating effect of disaster.

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Disaster Risk Factors

These are factors that aggravate the effects of hazards, affecting the degree of a
disaster.

1. Severity of Exposure

Those who go through themselves and witnessed death, injury and loss of
possessions due to a disaster are the highest at risk of future mental problems. The
survivors having suffered from distress need clinical care.

2. Gender and family

Studies show that women mostly suffer more negative effects than men. Married
women also experience being more distress than those who are single. With the children,
disaster recovery is more stressful. Having a family member who is distressed affects
everyone in the home.

3. Age

Adults aged 40 – 60 are likely to be more distressed after disasters because this age
range have more demands from job and family. More distress is also seen in children than in
adults. The worse recovery in children is related to higher stress in the parents.

What I Have Learn

To sum up the lessons base on the learners understanding, the
teacher will ask the following questions:

Guide Questions:
1. What do mean by the word disaster?
2. What are the different disaster risk factors?
3. How will you describe the different factors contribute to disaster?

What I Can Do
Activity 1 VEEP

V – view from the news any event about disaster.

E – expound the idea by encouraging the learner for higher critical thinking skill,
questioning by the teacher.
E – elaborate the idea by writing what the learners have learned using his/her own
words.
P – ponder what the learners had viewed, how they would reflect if such disaster
would happen in his/her community.

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To the teacher:

1. Prepare a list of events like earthquake, volcano eruption, tsunami, storm

surge, typhoon, flooding etc.
2. Tell the students to research on any news about disaster and allow them to
choose from the list above for discussion.

Points for discussion:

1. What does disaster mean to them?

2. What are the possible hazards that may lead to disaster?
3. Are the learners prepared for a disaster?
4. What are the benefits of being prepared from a disaster?
5. During the disaster what are you going to do?

What’s More

1. Conduct a research or interview and present your output regarding some

events in your society that turned into a disaster. And identify also whether
this event is natural or man-made disaster.

2. You can group the students and assign age levels to be interviewed:
a. Adults
b. Teens
c. Children

(Note: Before an interview will be conducted on children aged 6 – 11 years

old, the student should ask permission from the parents. If there is no
permission from the parent, do not push the interview or you may conduct the
interview with the child’s parent or guardian’s presence.)

3. The topic of the interview should be the effects of disaster in their lives and
their coping mechanism how to recover.

4. Ask the students to summarize the result of the interview and do class
reporting, however confidentiality must be ensured.

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 Lesson
2 DRRR: Effects of Disasters

Disaster greatly affects one’s life. Millions of people are affected by calamities. It
caused death, destruction of buildings and properties and may cause the spread of
diseases. It can totally devastate and disrupt someone’s life.

What’s In

The teacher will select a student to make a recap regarding the previous lesson.

Guide Questions:

1. What was the topic talked about yesterday?

2. For you, how will you describe disaster?
3. Give important things, why we need to be prepared?

What’s New
Activity - Picture Analysis

Guide Questions:
1. Tell me, what can you say about the
picture?
2. What will you feel if you are in their
situation?
3. How will you cope in this scenario of
life?

Photos taken after Sendong on December

of 2011 in Cagayan de Oro

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 What is It
Effects of disasters

A. Displacement

If homes are severely damaged by unavoidable forces of nature, people are forced to
leave their place and evacuate to seek shelter in another safer place. Evacuation centers are
common for all-natural disasters and an influx of refugees happen. Accessibility of health
care, education, food and proper hygiene would become a problem.

B. Diseases

Floods brought about by typhoons, storm surges and tsunamis can potentially
transmit water-borne and infectious diseases such as leptospirosis, malaria and the like
either by direct contact of the polluted water or contamination of drinking-water facility.
Should there be a significant population displacement, an outbreak is likely to occur.

C. Starvation

Scarcity of food and water follows caused by natural disasters. As a result,

thousands of people go hungry due to destroyed crops and great loss of possessions.

D. Emotional Aftershocks

Traumatic stress reactions can follow after a disaster especially for young children.
They are confronted with the scene of destruction and death of loved ones. Anyone who
sees these are affected in some way. If these are not treated, they will be prone to a lifetime
psychological damage and emotional distress. However, most stress symptoms are
temporary and will heal given an ample time.

Common warning signs of emotional distress include:

 Become withdrawn  Having unexplained pains

 Crying spells or bursts of anger  Worrying a lot of times
 Having low energy  Sleep disturbances
 Feeling of hopelessness

What I Have Learned

The teacher will further facilitate learning by asking and giving inputs. It is
also a way to correct learner’s misconceptions specially in this lesson that talk about the
effects of disasters. Below are the following effects of disaster.

1. Displacement
2. Diseases
3. Starvation
4. Emotional aftershock

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 What I Can Do

Activity: Tell Me Your Story

1. Ask your students to present their output base on the enrichment.

RUBRIC SCORE GUIDE

CRITERIA SCORE
Content (Accuracy and thoroughness of 40
ideas)
Creativity and critical thinking 20
Manipulation skills 10
Delivery and presentation 20
Teamwork 10
TOTAL 100

What’s more

1. Describe the effects of disaster on human’s life.

2. Explain how and when an event becomes a disaster.
3. Based on your understanding of the discussion above, identify in your place the
things which are expose to hazard.

Assessment

This is an assessment of the learning you have acquired in disaster, disaster risk and
its effects in one’s life.
Directions: In a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer.

1.It is a systematic approach of identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster.
c) Disaster Risk c) Disaster Preparedness
d) Disaster Risk Reduction d) Disaster
2.A condition of persistent mental and emotional stress occurring as a result of extreme
trauma during a disaster.
a) Pre-traumatic Stress Disorder c.) Post – traumatic Disorder
b) Psychotic Disorder d.) None of the above
3.Which is true about disaster?
a) A sudden event, such as a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of
life.
b) When there is a natural hazard occurring.
c) When there is a vehicular accident.

9
 d) None of the above
4.The following are the effects of disaster EXCEPT:
a) population displacement c) continuity of livelihood
b) food scarcity d) emotional aftershock
5.What kind of disaster is depicted in the picture?
a) Landslide c) Earthquake
b) Flash Flooding d) Volcanic Eruption

6.The following are risk factors underlying disaster EXCEPT:

a) age c) persons with disability
b) severity of exposure d) educational attainment
7.People leave their homes as a result of disaster.
a) Immigration c.) Population Displacement
b) Disaster d.) None of the above
8.How can we increase one’s capacity?
a) Do not follow the warning of the barangay officials to evacuate
b) Avoid hazard
c) Increase the strengths and resources of the community to achieve agreed goals
d) None of the above
9.Which of the following may cause severe flooding?
a) Storm surge
b) Tsunami
c) Typhoon
d) All of the above
10.What law provides for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management?
a. RA 10121 c. RA 1121
b. RA 10211 d. RA 121

11. It is the result from a combination of hazards

a) Vulnerability c) Disaster risk
b) Capacity d) Disaster
12. Which of the following factors best describes the severity of exposure
a) Engaging in prohibited drugs.
b) Results of mental problems which is highly related to the amount of exposure
to disaster.
c) A parent working abroad.
d) Coronavirus in China.
13. Which is not true about disaster?
a) Disaster can be a result of natural catastrophe that causes loss of lives.
b) Disaster may follow natural hazards such us typhoon, earthquake, etc.
c) Disaster can cause mental distress.
d) None of the above
14. Any of the following are risk factors underlying disaster except
a) age
b) severity of exposure
c) persons with disability
d) educational attainment
15. An event becomes a disaster when there are
a) no casualties
c.) many casualties
d.) hazards
e.) none of the above

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 11
Posttest Pretest
1. B 1. C
2. C 2. A
3. A 3. C
4. C 4. B
5. B 5. A
6. D 6. C
7. C 7. A
8. C 8. D
9. D 9. C
10.C 10. A
11.C 11. B
12.B 12. C
13.D 13. C
14.D 14. B
15.C 15. C
Assessment What I Know
Key Answers