Unit Coordinate Geometry — Z Gradients and Equations of DA Straight Lines Ais the point (-1, 0) and B is the point (2, 6). Find (a) the coordinates of the midpoint of AB, (©) the gradient of the line AB, (¢) the equation of the line parallel to AB, through the point (0, 4). (@n2000/1/12) 2. The graph shows the charges made by net two companies for telephone calls lasting up-to 10 minutes. Kingcom se charges 40 cents for calls of 3 minutes of less and then at the constant rate of 10 cents per minute. Phoneshop charges a x connection fee of p cents and all calls are charged at the constant rate of q cents per minute. con (cons) Using these graphs, or otherwise, find (@) the cost ofa 7 minute call using Kindcom, | (b) the value of p, () the value of g, ° 7 ‘ ¢ . 8 (@) the range of times for which it would be cheaper to use Kingcom. N2000/1/23) 3. Pis the point (0, -2) and Q is the point (3, 4). Find (a) the coordinates of the midpoint of PQ. (b) the gradient of the line PQ, (©) the equation of the line parallel to PQ, through the point (0, ~5). (Int Exam N2000/1/13) GA)I4. The cost of travel using two taxicab firms, Supercab and Betacab, is being compared. Supercab charges Rs60 for ee. journeys of 2 km or less and then at a constant rate of Rs20 per km, Betacab charges a hire bed fee of p rupees and all journeys are charged at the constant rate 7 of q rupees per km, The graphs ,,, shown below give’ the two ‘rm taxicabs’ charges for journeys up to 6 km. Using these graphs, c- otherwise, find (a) the cost ofa 4:5 km joumey by Supercab. : t ee ee (b) the value of p, Signer aim (othe vaine of g, range of distances for which it wuld be cheaper to use Supercab. (Tor Evam N2000/1/22) 10. Give your answer in its simplest form. (© Car B travels at a constant speed of 12 m/s in the same direction as car 4. (@ On the diagram, sketch the speed+time graph of car B. (D When 1=0, car B passes car A. When 1 & car A overtakes car B. Find the value of & N2015/1/25) (5B) 16Unit Graphs of Functions 5C 1. The diagram shows the line y = mx. On the same diagram, sketch and label. (a) y=me+2, x (0) y= me. * i (N99/1/7) 2. Answer the whole of this question on a sheet of graph paper. ‘The variables x and y are connected by the equationy = + 2-6. ‘The table below shows some corresponding values of x and y. The values of y are given correct to one decimal place where appropriate, x 1 1s 2 3 4 5 6 7 y 62 24 o7 | 05 | -03 | 06 2 k (@) Calculate the value of &, correct to one decimal place, (b) Using a scale of 2 em to 1 unit on each axis, draw a horizontal x-axis for 00 and 2e+1=2%. (b) The diagram shows the graph of e ya kar. : State the value of ae ta ] 1 Oe i ou @ a at 2004/1/21) (SC) 1022. Answer the whole of this question on a sheet of graph paper. ‘The table gives the x and y coordinates of some points which lie on a curve. x 1 us | 2 [| 25] 3 4 5 6 y 140 | tio | 100 | 98 | 100 | 110 | 124 | 140 (@) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent | unit, draw a horizontal x-axis for 0 0. Complete the sketch for x<0. (0) Sketch the graph of y =x on the. diagram. (© The graphs of y=2 and y=x meet at x=k = Find the values of k. (2005/12) Answer the whole of this question on a sheet of graph paper. During one day, at a point P in a small harbour, the height of the surface of the sea above the seabed was noted. The results are shown in the table. Time (¢ hours) after 8 a.m. of: [2[3[4[slel7|slo Height (y metres) above the sea-bed [3.8 [3.3 [2.5 |1.8[1.2[1.0|12|1.8|25}33 (a) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 1 hour, draw a horizontal taxis for 0<1<9. Using a scale of 2.cm to represent 1 metre, draw a vertical axis for 0s y4. (On your axes, plot the points given in the table and join them with a smooth curve. (©) @ By drawing a tangent, find the gradient of the curye at the point where, ¢ = 4. (i Explain the meaning of this gradient. (©) On the same day, a straight pole was driven vertically into the seabed at the point P. Work started at 8 am, The pole was driven in at a constant rate. The height, y metres, of the top of the pole above the seabed, ¢ hours after 8 am., is given by the equation yea-ht (8C)12(® Write down the length of the pole. G On the same axes as the curve, draw the graph of y=4-r. (i) How many centimetres was the top of the pole above the surface of the sea at noon? (iv) Find the value of ¢ when the top of the pole was level with the surface of the sea. (0052/8) K | me, ) Ko | , | * A ® ¥ = = * Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Which of the graphs shown above could be the graph of @ y=x, 1 ® y= © y=x-12 (x2005/19) 28, Answer the whole of this question on a sheet of graph paper. The area of a rectangular garden, ABCD, is 100m*, Inside the garden there is a rectangular lawn, EFGH, whose sides are parallel to those A of the garden. EF is 4m from AB. FG, GH and HE are 1m from BC, CD and DA respectively. (@ Taking the length of 4B to be x metres, write down expressions, in terms of x, for @ @ BC, 7 @ Fe (0) Hence show that the area, y square metres, of the lawn, EFGH is given by y=110~5x-200. = (©) The table below shows some values of x and the corresponding values of y, correct to 1 decimal place, where 200 y=1l0-5x-=, * 6O1329. yl4isle|7[s[9 | y ‘p | 45.0 | 46.7 | 46.4 | 45.0 | 428 40,0 Find the value of p. (@) Using a scale of 2em to | mete, draw a horizontal x-axis for 4x10. Using a scale of 2 cm to 2 square metres, draw a vertical y-axis for 405 y<48. On your axes, plot the points given in the table and join them with a smooth curve. (©) By drawing a tangent, find the gradient of the curve where x= 8. (f) Use your graph to find (the range of values of x for which the area of the lawn is at least 44m, (i) the value of x for which the area of the lawn is greatest. (N2005/2/10) ‘Answer the whole of this question on a sheet of graph paper. The table below gives some values of x and the corresponding values of y, correct to ‘one decimal place, where x y]is|2{as{3)4)s5{6| 718 y [iaa} 73 [45 [30 | 2a [15 [17 | » [37 [53 (a) Find the value of p. (b) Using a scale of 2cm to 1 unit, draw a horizontal x-axis for Os x<8. Using a scale of 1cm to 1 unit, draw a vertical paxis for 0 y=6, 4. coordinates are: (0,6) 30. (@) Midpoint of PO=(4, -4) (by Gradient of PQ= 3 © @ kes (i) x+ Aye} ‘eate2! eratient= LineL:| 2x-Sy=k satien = 2 since the two lines are parallel, 20a SoA = Wd=-5 = An-5 2* 1 @) @ 15st (i) kas (o) 10 3ims 2S mt ism 2 @ ) © @ © 2 © © 2 @ o) @ tot @ 3. @ 13m (b) 1 8s? © 650m 10. @ 4 @ @ @ Sms ©) 2m 80% wo Diao om A (eee) OTT isettie 3.) 2avs* (b) 300m @ @ w 1 @ ) © 6) 54kuh () 305 (SB)! Answers 1S mvs @ 375m 23mis @ 6 Lime) Bass 1065 m 9 minutes 20m Omvminute 500 mvminute ©) 0.6 ms 1d mvs 133m dst © 500m . @ 700m *O) 13. @ w OS mst $0 sevonds setardation = m/s? 30-0 14. (@) () Retardation = 30=9 3.75 m/s? 8 distance = 270 m 15. (@) (@_ (@) Retardation = 0.02 m/s? (b) Distance run in 200s = 1200 m (© Speed = 5 mis (ii) Speed of Ben = 6.5 mis (0 Lower bound for the distance run =195m (i) Lower bound for average speed =7.65 mis (b) 16. (@) (Distance travelled =1(5)(20) = 50 m (Gi) Average speed (ii) Both objets had same speed at ( =3 seconds. (iv) Both objects travelled same distance at 1= 6.25 seconds. @ dj=50m, d)=150m (o) (ii) Gradient of PQ represents the con- o stant speed of the object 8 from 5 to 10 seconds. 18. (a) Gradient of at 2.5 seconds = 10 ms, © 19. (a) (©) Deceleration of object 4=12=0- 4 mist ) . ron © => deceleration of object B=. a ms’ B comes to rest at ¢=25 seconds. @ (5B)2 Answers 1. @ (e) Distance = 108 m. ‘Acceleration = 0.75 mis Speed (metres per second) (spuoaos ) au yo ¢ 8 0 2 1 ‘Time (seconds) 1=30 seconds 1=90 seconds Ravi arrives atthe park = 1130 time spent atthe shopping centre = 39 min distance between park and the shopping centre = 8 km Speed = 24 km/h© Ravi was slowest between Park and Shopping centre, (0 Salim arrives first and his brother arrives 9 minutes later. 20, (a) Retardation = 5 mv/s* (0) Distance travelled =3400 m 21. (@) 36 minutes. (b) (©) @ napade Buooo TRB BAA bona coy Freier Hn Ra pda Pele orator Pr tt an’ Arian pada n atin, eres Distance PEFR TELHE| Merch Pr Prater NE Er EEE doin Sree sree see ECE RES PSH eer ‘Simon's house ~0. © 2. (@ @ abad tz) TELAT ESTs Tey VA e doe Beit ee rina Ane} ues HES Y BEER too 1700—=—«wwoo—1900—-ad00~—«a100——2200" Time of day ‘From graph, ‘they arrive at Juan's house at 2030 Acceleration = % ms? (distance travelled = area of trapezium 40= 4. (0\u+3u) u=2 40. Distance 30: (metres), 20. Time (rsecon —_ (5B)3 AnswersCollege 12 10 8 Distance from home ‘(kin) Home 93—— - 300 st0~—CS20~«S30~=~=C OSSD Time of day (b) From graph, distance of Kiran from home = 7.1 km. (©) Varun’s speed = 18 kav @ 26, (a) Retardation =i1.2 m/s? (b)_ speed =3.6 mis (©) Distance travelled = 480.m 24. (@)_ speed =16 m/s (©) Distance travelled = area of triangle =150m © k=4s 27. (a) Maximum speed = 27 mis (@ 10 seconds (b) Constant speed 2 ; sis ts le $0 decoda = 2 (©) Acceleration = 0.08 m/s? 25. (@) Acceleration in frst $0 seconds = 35 mis? (@ From graph, the time 20 seconds before (b) Distance travelled during 100 second the train completes its journey, is 560 = area of trapezium + area of rectangle seconds. = 2500=4¢s0yv+39)+ 60439) <1 at $60 seconds, speed of train is 3.5 m/s v=l0 ms © Dice mad during first 200 second (©) When ¢=75 seconds, = }(12)(200 +50) =1500 m speed ofthe car = 3v m/s (0) Average speed = 27 km/h =30 mis= ry 30m/s=108kmMA yg Answers28. (a) Acceleration =1.5 m/s? (b) Distance travelled = area of trapezium - = (15k-75) m © @ 10 Time (¢ seconds) i) Distance travelled by car B during 0 to & seconds = 12k m ‘When car A overtakes car 8, both cars have travelled same distance from t=0 to ¢= k, k= 15k-75 * 3k=75 k=25 (5B)5 * Answers3 (@.@ (0) The raph has a routional symmetry of order two aout the point 2 0) © o 0B (i) 465 @2 (©) m>—t ify= mxis to cut the curve at three rina 5. So- | 45 ; : xi 180} + t 160}-—+ - 140} ~ 1 120} 7 100) y (© gadien= 48 mol : @ fo033 t © Gi) Zises56 7 r 0 2 t \ oe Pricelof toy (Sx) Tera [ee Tyo 7 | @ | to 3) @ | i i] % | 3) a | m t| a | i S| a | te t| ib | 3| 3 ° to | to (SC)1 Answers6& @ (@ p=i2g=0 cant, ©) ii) z= 056 or 3-88 os (@ P-3e-Sr+10=0 7. (@) 1072) » = 108 @ 35 With of eceale og ==) lox) © oS B88s o 100 120 120 100 0 7 6C)2 Answers 6a) © O57 Wy ns23 (a) aH,0=36-2 6 x96 oH=5 atk,y=36-0 ' y=36 Ok =36 Area of AOHK = x OH x OK = +6 36= 108 units? () AmasxsP 20S SP =dy 2136-2") = 72-22? © @ 12 w@ ie A= Tax~ 22° where x= 08 (il) = 1-62, 503 (iv) 324 em and 334 em10.) (0,6) () Sunits (@) y= 6438 14. (@) 1 © @ wy «iy 15, @) x{20-20)(14 24) =x «2010-39 207-2) =4x(10=2)(7 =) ®) 29 16, (@) When 1= 5 the/bal is 12.5 m below the top of | the tower, ) 444 (©) hm naam age 13. 0 © @ 27m Go 195s @ @ -172 i ao : * (Gi) When 14, the ball is moving downward i wes Tras wert © © 94 Gi) 3S (488m @ 15 @ Gi) y=27~ae Gi) a==10, 5-3, (603 Answers17. (@) $051 19, (@) x=-45, y=0s (Weqof h: xty=4 © o @ (i) 138 cures ® y sets 18. @ pore ye-1 20, (@) (Height of the tank = 36cm (i) Total extemal surface area=22 + 4x wee lt © © phere lense a ° ©) © 28° > Gi) 5.6°C 7 {iy 3.2 hous 3 (©) (@ The gradient is-1+ °C per second. i (O Atte instar when == 8, be temperane 2 is falling at the rate of -1+ °C pe second, en 3 ® Be4c=2 @ 8 i (©) The dimensions of the tank are i 4.16 em, 416 cm and 2.08 em. : 21. @ © gadn=2 i) 266 : ©) @ kaos (i) as pt (1, 1.5) lies on the curve yokat 15=05(@)' a=3 (SC)4 Answers() p= 1054 i) 110: 100. Q % @ @ yeuT (i) x= 12, 525 (©) fy 100, from he graph r= 22 0F 57. ©) grad= @ 2 () r= 3.68 (i) SArea= ny = 81,533,142 256 em? (d) k= 98 " 25. (a), (0) (© (puting 2, 100) in the equation 100=—+28 or 200=4+4B (i)_using point (1, 140) we get 0-448 solving both equation give A=120, B=20 é 2. @ : cc) i oe : 4. @ 26. (COM.CN Gi) wy 82a + 2a y =22+2rh = 2e 42 ae ESS vie nou)© @ 0457 27. (@) Figure a 28, @ (i) EF=(-2) (il) The tide is receding atthe rate of about ; 0.46 m per hour when ¢= 4 @ 47 Figure? () y=(-2+1) > Figure2 (© y=2-x-3 > Figuet Gi) 24, 45) Git) a=20 and b=-5 35. (a) 00 000: 4000: 3000- Number of bacteria (y) G5 2 Time (1 hours) (scy9 Answers37. @) @ PQ=G+Im (o oc=!8m (b)_ Area of paved regi ‘y=area of PORS area of ABCD =(2+ (oui) -168 26 22+ 1x4 3S (©) p=1583 (@) Refer to graph (©) Refer to graph for the tangent. Gradient = 62145 = ~10 Length of PQ = 7.5 m 70 16s 160403, 1 155: 130. us (3, 143) @ p=2 wo From the graph, when y= 4, 13, 1.35 and 29 (©) (@ Length =(5~22) em Width = (4-2) em (i) Volume = 1h = V=(5~23)(4-23)(2) = 3(20-18x 4427) 320x180 +42? = 40-18%? + 20x 9 From graph the greatest volume of the box =6.6 em? (b) Height of the box = 0.74 cm, x a m@9) ) (©) (i) 1936 (i) #26 (@) ¢ex-2 2 (iy y=2* (SC) Answers . (a) (b) © o © p69 Refer to gtaph below. from graph, when y=0.3, x=25. @ Gradient =0.4 (i) Refer to graph below. (Refer to graph below. (i) x35 (ii) A=5, B=-60(©) @ x=1.77 or -227 (i) minimum value of y = -6.1 (Gil) Taking two points (1.1, ~4) and (2.9, 12) on the tangent, 12-4 29-11 ‘gradient =, =889 (29, 12) (€) () Y= 2X32) oo) YE DE oe) substiute (2) into (1), 1=2r=(2x-3{x+2) = l-2sa 2s 4-6 = 2432-720 which is as per the given equation. x=127 or -227 42. (@) () si240 (i) Refer to graph. i) x= 4.6 years ‘$500 are increased to $1100 after 8 years (i) Refer to graph. (©) From graph, x~5 years. (b) (@ (i) rate of increase = $6.25 per year (ii) rate of increase =3.75 jin. (ii) From graph, x=2.6 = 3.75x+ 25:© @ 44, LO} 15) Let be the cuboid height. Itis given that, -+x=8 cm. When diameter of sphere, x=10cm, then, h+10=8 => h=-2 cm. ‘The height of the cuboid cannot be ~ 2 cm, therefore the sphere cannot have a radius of $ em. (0) Let bethe height, ¥ 2404 h+x28 => h=(8-x)om 22 volume of solid, 29 (ol. of cuboid + vol. of sphere = (8-2) 16 4ayzy +4og? 2 =a. (iy y=585 (i) Refer to graph. ii) when y = 120, xa46 :. height of cuboid, h=8-4.6=3.4 em. ‘Vol. of cylinder = ar7h ‘ = ¥5G)G)'@)=27s refer to graph for the line. Cylinder & solid have same volume at x= 4.85 (a) p=-2.125 (b) Refer to graph on next page. (©) from graph, x=1, and 1.6 (@) Taking two points (~0.2, 0.8) and (—|, 2.9) on the tangent, ent = 22-08 gradient = 72-05, 2-263 fo ert ee (az, 08) = yes from graph, x=1.75 12st =k = yek from graph, y =k has 3 solutions inthe range: 1 yes ‘ “from graph, when y=. (2) (Least value of y=~3 #06 or34 (il) From graph, y<4 for -Isxs5 a=-l, b=5 GO)16 AnswersOy) Is (5.3, 0. (5.3.0.5), (2,-7.3): 10) 49. (i) When x=-1, y=6+(-D-CI)? =4 When x=2, y=6+(2)-(2)? =4 Gi) Maximum value = 6.25 ' Gi) 2422-7 =0 3 Us2eaxaxtdenntd = 6txnx anx44 = yanred = ytred from graph, the line and the curve intersect a, #3-0.73 or 275 ww xotak > bbe ekt6 +6 which is a straight line paralleltoxaxis. = “. the graph of the line Lisa straight line parallel to x-axis and passing through the curve where x=3.5 -+ the other solution is: xa-25 (SC)17 Answers50. (a) ® = 35,86 536 Distance (dmetres) G,3) 1 2 3 4 3 6 7 ‘Time (¢ minutes) (©, @ gradient: fi) The gradient represents the speed © ates oe nee (@) duration of time-=2.6 minutes. (© @ When ¢ nL G.nny the object is (i P+ 48-3220 (il) 4=-32 (O)18 Answers