Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Continuum Mechanics - Module 3 To Students
Continuum Mechanics - Module 3 To Students
Module 3
(KTU Syllabus)
Since an infinite number of planes can be drawn through a point (say P), we
get an infinite number of stress vectors acting at a given point, each stress
vector characterized by the corresponding plane on which it is acting. The
totality of all stress vectors acting on every possible plane passing through the
point is defined to be the state of stress at the point.
Stress Vector or
Traction Vector
And,
Ref: Mase
Ref: George Mase - Schaum's outline of theory and problems of continuum mechanics-McGraw-Hill
Dr. Mathew John S4 CM (Hon.) CET 6
THE STATE OF STRESS AT A POINT - STRESS TENSOR
This equation expresses the stress vector at P for a given coordinate plane in
terms of its rectangular Cartesian components
http://oliver.rmee.upc.edu/xo/vpage/1/0/Teaching/Continuum-Mechanics
Note: Here letter T is used for resultant stress vector instead of t Ref: L S Srinath
Dr. Mathew John S4 CM (Hon.) CET 13
For equilibrium, the sum of the forces in x, y and z directions must individually vanish
….(5)
….(5)
Get resultant stress from Eq. 5 and normal stress from Eq (7), then
substitute in Eq. (6) to get shear stress
Dr. Mathew John S4 CM (Hon.) CET 17
Normal and shear stresses on the arbitrary plane contd….
…..(6)
ie. …(7)
The planes which the stress vector is wholly normal are called the principal
planes, and the corresponding stresses, the principal stresses.
where σmax and σmin denote the maximum and minimum magnitudes of
principal stresses, respectively. Recognize that the maximum shear stress acts
on a plane that is shifted about an angle of ±45 degrees to the principal plane
in which the maximum and minimum principal stresses act. In addition, we
can show that the normal traction σp to the plane in which τmax occurs has the
value σp = (σmax + σmin)∕2.
A body force is one that acts directly on every particle of the body, rather than being
applied by tractions at its boundaries and transmitted to the various particles by means of
internal stresses. The commonest example of a body force is that due to gravity
Dr. Mathew John S4 CM (Hon.) CET 22
Consider a small rectangular element with sides Δx, Δy, Δz from its parent body. In the
limit, we are going to make Δx, Δy, Δz tend to zero. The stress components in each
face is as shown in Fig.
26
Moment Equilibrium
(which gives Cross shears are equal or Stress tensor symmetry)
Ref: George Mase - Schaum's outline of theory and problems of continuum mechanics-McGraw-Hill
Dr. Mathew John S4 CM (Hon.) CET 27
SPHERICAL AND DEVIATORIAL STRESS TENSORS
(Volumetric stress)
The deviatorial part produces changes in shape of the body and finally causes
failure. The spherical part is rather harmless, produces only uniform volume
changes without any change of shape, and does not necessarily cause failure
George Mase - Schaum's outline of theory and problems of continuum mechanics-McGraw-Hill (1970)
Dr. Mathew John S4 CM (Hon.) CET 34
Mohr’s Circle for Stress (2D)