Montilla Boulevard, Butuan City, Caraga, Philippines
Accredited: Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and Universities – ACSCU
COLLEGE RESEARCH CONCEPT FORM
COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT
TITLE OF PROPOSED
STUDY
NAME OF STUDENT/S
RATIONALE
(State the situation that is
problematic situation,
Discuss the importance
and validity of your
research/project), What are
the research gaps in the
scientific literature on your
topic? Present initial data
on the magnitude of the
problem citing the
source/s).
Certified: ISO 9001:2015, TUV Rheinland Ref No. VPARE-RES-CRCF-001
Status: Initial
Date Issued: July 2023
College of Engineering and Architecture
Architecture
Innovating envelope design to enhance passive cooling
And lessen the energy consumption
Ralph Nhyne P. Pabon
Reginald Llagas
The government sector and various sectors of construction-based
professional institutions have come to recognize the need to
develop effective strategies for sustainable building designs in
response to emerging environmental threats brought on by rapid
urbanization and decreased energy availability in nature, the
detrimental effects of climate change, and sick building syndrome.
One of the common problems in a housing development is thermal
comfortability. Is the reason some of the housing development here
in the Caraga region specifically in Cortes, Surigao Del Sur is not
that comfortable due to the reason of the season or climate here in
the Philippines. Cortes faces the Philippine Sea on the eastern part.
It also has a wide area for agriculture. It has two season, rainy and
sunny. Sometimes the temperature of the location can reach up to
48 degrees in Cortes during sunny days. Making this such a
common problem in terms of the housing development of the
government in the municipality of Cortes. The builder or designer
must ensure the comfortability of the user, Also the basic needs of a
human being must apply to maximize its comfortability.
There is an increasing amount of research on the energy efficiency
of building envelopes, but less is known about how the comfort and
health of occupants are impacted by envelope design. Since
occupant comfort and health can significantly affect productivity,
wellbeing, and general quality of life, this is an important topic of
research. Azmi emphasizes that inadequate envelope design can
result in temperature discomfort in his study from 2020. Ibrahim,
2020 states that due to improperly designed building envelopes, up
to 30% of the energy consumed to heat and cool a structure may be
lost.
The goal of this study is to create unique and creative envelope
design approaches that can enhance buildings' energy efficiency.
When it comes to the sustainability of the built environment, this
research has the potential to have an impact. It can help to minimize
the amount of energy used by buildings, which will assist to slow
down climate change, by creating more energy-efficient envelope
designs.
The validity of this research is supported by a number of studies
that have shown the benefits of energy-efficient envelope design.
According to the study of L. Kusumawati, E. Setyowati, A.
Purnomo in 2021, that the building envelope’s is an essential
aspect of creating sustainable and energy saving in architectural
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 aspect. Through this study it can help to minimize the amount of
energy used by buildings, which will assist to slow down climate
change, by creating more energy-efficient envelope designs. The
researcher is confident that the study will make a significant
contribution to the field of envelope design and help to create more
sustainable buildings.

Additionally, the significance and validity of this research lies in its

interdisciplinary approach, which draws on expertise from disci-
plines including environmental science, engineering, and architec-
ture. Collaboration among scholars from various universities and or-
ganizations is another option for this investigation. Additionally, it is
translational, with the aim of converting the research results into
real-world applications that can be utilized to enhance buildings' en-
ergy efficiency.

LEGAL BASIS This study would consider legal basis in accordance to the law of
(Legal basis, issuances as the Philippines. The following are legal basis that the researcher
basis of the proposed
study). would consider:

 Building codes and standards that regulate the energy effi-

ciency, durability, and safety of building envelopes.
 Energy efficiency standards that promote the use of renew-
able energy and energy-efficient materials.
 Building permits and other government approvals that are re-
quired for construction projects.

The specific issuances that would be relevant to the study would de-
pend on the specific laws and regulations that are applicable. The
study on the innovation/development of envelopes design might
need to consider the following issuances:
 PD 1096
 BP 220
 PD 957
 BP 344
 NBCP (National Building Code of The Philippines)
 IRC (International Residential Code)
 NSCP (National Structural Code of the Philippines)
EMPIRICAL
EVIDENCE/LITERATURE
SUPPORT THAT INDEED
The results show that the RMSE is only 1.12 W/m 2, while the APE is
THE RESEARCH HAS 1.05%. By these results, the empirical formulas can be implemented
BASIS (cite at least 6 to be the rules of thumb in the first stage of the design process
documented evidence with
support citation) because the values of RMSE and APE are still under the design
margin of thermal design in the building, L. Kusumawati, E.
Setyowati, A.B. Purmono (2021).

The paper classifies findings from literature according to building

design elements as well as different components of the mosque
envelope such as walls, roofs and windows. Thereafter, it discusses
the impact of the corresponding characteristics and parameters on
the overall thermal performance of mosque buildings, N.A. Azmi,

2
S.H. Ibrahim (2020).

The connection between architectural elements and adaptive

thermal comfort was analyzed by considering the correlation among
architectural features, the analysis results of thermal comfort, and
the Olgyay and psychrometric diagrams. At the beginning of the
rainy season, residents of exposed stone houses had the highest
comfortable percentage of 31%. In the middle of the rainy season,
the highest percentage of comfort was obtained by residents of
exposed brick and wooden houses on the beach at 39%. The
lowest comfortable percentage experienced by residents of exposed
stone houses at the beginning of the dry season was 0%. The
beginning of the dry season in mountainous areas has air
temperatures that are too low, making residents uncomfortable. The
study results demonstrate that adaptive thermal comfort is related to
using a room for adaptation to create thermal comfort for the
inhabitants, H. Hermawan, J. Svajlenka (2021).

This paper reviews the results of the other studies that establish to
the selecting of proper parameters of building envelope to the high-
rise residential. The building design criteria has been scrutinized
through a set of defined parameters such as climatic conditions,
form, width, length and height, external walls, roofs, glazing
area, natural ventilation and occupants thermal comfort, as well as
external shading devices on energy consumption of high-rise
buildings in Malaysia. The thermal comfort zone was investigated by
researchers for Malaysian residential buildings, discovering that the
comfort ranged between 25 °C and 31 °C, S. Mirrahimi (2016).

The results showed optimal energy savings of 39.5%, 33.7%, 35%,

32.7% and 22.7% for Riyadh, Jeddah, Dhahran, Tabuk and Abha,
respectively, can be obtained for the subsidized energy cost case.
For the non-subsidized energy cost case, the optimal energy
savings were 47.3%, 41.5%, 43.19%, 41.1% and 26% for Riyadh,
Jeddah, Dhahran, Tabuk and Abha, respectively. Moreover, a
sensitivity cost analysis indicated that the cost of energy has more
influence on optimal energy savings and life cycle costs than the
initial costs of the energy efficiency measures. Finally, this study
concluded that substantial savings in annual energy costs subsidies
can be achieved by the KSA government if it aggressively promotes,
through investments and incentives, energy efficiency programs for
both existing and new buildings, A. Alaidroos, M. Krarti (2015).

This paper reviews the optimization research, where building

envelope parameters and geometric configurations are considered
remarkably as the optimization independent variable(s) and building
energy consumption/demand is included as an objective in the
optimization process. The associated derivative-free and derivative-
based optimization methods and their application in energy-efficient
building design are included in this review. In addition, decision-
3

RESEARCH UTILIZATION/
BENEFICIARIES
(Who and how can they
benefit from the results of
the study?) Include direct
and indirect beneficiaries)
making approaches are discussed for multi-objective optimizations.
Current optimization tools are demonstrated, Farshad Kheiri
(2018).
The results of a research study on envelope design in architecture
could benefit different stakeholders:
 Government: The results of this study could help the govern-
ment improve their housing project development not only in the
city of Cortes but in another Municipality of Caraga.
 Architects: The results of the study could help architects to de-
sign buildings that are more energy-efficient and sustainable.
This could lead to increased demand for their services and im-
proved their reputation.
 Engineers: The results of the study could help engineers to de-
velop new and innovative building envelope materials and de-
signs. This could lead to new job opportunities and improved
their skills.
 Builders: The results of the study could help builders to con-
struct buildings that are more energy-efficient and sustainable.
This could lead to increased demand for their services and im-
proved their bottom line.
 Building owners: The results of the study could help building
owners to save money on energy costs. This could lead to im-
proved financial performance and increased property values.
 Occupants: The results of the study could help occupants to en-
joy healthier and more comfortable indoor environments. This
could lead to improved productivity, well-being, and overall qual-
ity of life.
 Environment: The results of the study could help to reduce the
environmental impact of buildings. This could lead to cleaner air
and water, and a healthier planet for all.
The research utilization of the study results can also be categorized
into three types:
 Conceptual use: This type of use occurs when the research
findings are used to develop new ideas or theories.
 Instrumental use: This type of use occurs when the research
findings are used to make decisions or solve problems.
 Process use: This type of use occurs when the research find-
ings are used to improve the way that research is conducted or
the way that organizations operate.
In general, to enhance the impact of the research findings, it is best
4
 to combine conceptual, instrumental, and process use. This will
make it more likely that the research will be applied to improve the
world.

APPROACH/ DESIGN The approach of this study is based on the following:

(How will the study be
conducted?)
 Literature review: This approach involves reviewing the ex-
isting literature on a particular topic to identify gaps in knowl-
edge and to develop a research question.
 Field study: This approach involves collecting data from
real-world buildings, such as the amount of energy they use,
the indoor air quality, and the occupant comfort.

The gathering of data of the study is by reviewing existing research

and use that specific data to the study. Second, the researcher will
find a specific structure that has an envelope design and provide
some questionnaire and interview questions and collect the neces-
sary data that will benefit the study.

RESULTS The researcher expected to this study is that they will be able to enhance or
(What are the expected innovate some
outputs of the study?) Will
the study provide policy,
project, and program
recommendations?

ACTION TAKEN BY THE COLLEGE

Remarks Signature Date Signed
Research Faculty

Research Coordinator

Recommended Panel
Members

Dean’s Remarks

Note:

1. This form should be filled up before the Research Proposal.

2. The College shall maintain a copy for monitoring purposes.
3. The Office of the VPARE shall be furnished with a copy prior to the research proposal
development.

Cc: Dean
VPARE