Q 3 :- EXPLAIN GRAVITY SYSTEM OF WATER OF DISTRIBUTION

Ans 3 :- Gravity water systems use gravity to transport water from the source to
the user through a pipe network. nd protecting water as it is transported
prevents it from being contaminated.

Bringing water closer to people reduces time, effort and risk – especially for
women and girls – a i. Working of Gravity Flow Water Distribution System

~ Water source in this system is generally spring, river, or impounded reservoir

which lie at a higher elevation.

~ Water from the source is conveyed to the treatment plant with the help of intake
structure and transmission mains.

~ Treatment plant is usually located at a lower elevation than source and also near
from the source.

~ Treated water is sent to the distribution reservoir and is distributed to the

consumers by gravity flow as the targeted community lies at a lower elevation than
the distribution reservoir.

Advantage

1. No energy is required to operate the system as water is conveyed by gravity.

2. No pump is required.

3. Economical for long-term use.

Disadvantage

1. Not applicable in plain or flat terrain where an elevation source of water supply
is not available.

2. Water loss by leakage is comparatively higher.

3. Requirement of break pressure tanks to reduce the hydrostatic pressure in the

pipelines.

2. Enlist different types of pipe joints and explain any two briefly
Types of Pipe Joints
1. Threaded joint
2. Brazed joint
3. Soldered joint
4. Welded joint (butt welded, socket welded)
5. Flanged joint
6. Compression joint
7. Grooved joint
1. Socket Welded Joint in Pipe
Socket welded joints are used wherever there is a high chance of leakage in joints.
Pipes are connected as putting one into other as shown below and welded around
the joint. Pipes having different diameters are suitable for this type of joint.

If pipes having similar diameter, then required fittings are used. Welding cost is
generally lower than butt welding. Fatigue resistance is lower for socket welded
joints when compared to butt weld joints. However, socket welded joint give good
results when compared with other mechanical joints.

4. Butt Welded Joint in Pipe

When the pipes are of same diameter butt welding is to done to join the pipes. It is
the most common type of welding. Skilled workers are required to install the joint.
These joints are generally used for large commercials and industrial piping
systems.
Butt weld provides good strength for the joint and it can resist high pressure
because of smooth and continuous surface inside the joint. Butt weld joints are
expensive, to make it economical sometimes internal weld backing rings are used,
which joins the pipe with less amount of filler material. But these rings may fail
under heavy stress and cracks are developed
 4. Write down the 'Replacement of damaged pipe in a domestic
‘pipeline'

This is a plumbing maintenance service done to a piping system to restore its

transportation capability and usefulness. It involves the use of wraps and the
replacement of sections of the pipe with new ones, especially when the damage is
permanent

6 Write about the use of Boning Rod in setting out alignment and gradient of
pipeline

Boning rods are used to set out horizontal lines or lines with a constant slope. In
particular they are used for setting out canal excavation works, but also for roads
and dyke construction.

Sewer Testing for Straightness of Alignment and Obstruction: The straightness of

the sewer pipe can be tested by placing a mirror at one end of the sewer line and
a lamp at the other end. If the pipe line is straight, the full circle of light will be
observed.

9. Explain leakage detection and prevention of water in pipeline

Prevent water leakage: Building interior

Make sure hose connections are secure on water supply lines to washing
machines, ice makers, dishwashers and other appliances that use water. Re-
caulk and re-grout around sinks, showers and tubs. Leaking shower pans and loose
or missing tiles should be repaired.

Both electrical and mechanical geophones are used to listen to buried water
pipelines from the surface. These devices are accurate and highly sensitive that
they can detect the exact location of the leak, and also cheap to purchase and
easy to set up